Today’s Goal Describe the new philosophies emerging in China and how Legalism was used by the Qin

Dynasty. .

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.

Established China’s first empire “First Emperor” = Shi Huangdi

(221-206 B.C.)“Strengthen the trunk & weaken

the branches” Legalist rule

Bureaucratic administration Centralized control Military expansion

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.

Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221-206 B.C.

Prevented criticism & oppositionBook burnings Buried protestors alive

Autocracy – gov’t w/unlimited power & uses it however it wishes

Program of CentralizationHighway & road networksSet standards for writing, law,

currency, weights & measuresHarsh taxes & cruel gov’t

Great Wall of ChinaGreat Wall of China

Closed gaps in pre-existing wall & extend along border

Hundreds of thousands of peasant laborers “work or die”

Built upon later by the Han & Ming Dynasties

Today it is 8,851.8 kilometers (5,500 miles) from east to west of China

Great Wall of ChinaGreat Wall of China

Fall of the QinFall of the Qin

Shi Huangdi’s son was an ineffective ruler

Peasant rebellionReplaced by Han

Dynasty

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

ConfucianismConfucianism Restore order & moral living Five basic relationships (ruler

subject, father son, husband wife, older bro younger bro, friend friend)

Filial piety - respect for parents & ancestors

Education!!! Bureaucracy (trained civil service)

DaoismDaoism Laozi Dao De Jing (“The Way of

Virtue”) Natural order more important than

social order the Dao (“Way”) is universal force

which guides all things Live simply & in

harmony with nature

LegalismLegalism Efficient & powerful gov’t needed to

restore orderRewards for obedient; harsh

punishments for disobedientControl ideas & actions

Other Ethical SystemsOther Ethical Systems I Ching book of oracles to solve

ethical or practical problemsYin & yang represented the natural

rhythms of lifeYin = cold, dark, soft, mysteriousYang = warm, bright, hard, clear

MasculineMasculine ActiveActive LightLight WarmthWarmth StrongStrong Heaven; Heaven; Sun Sun

FeminineFeminine PassivePassive DarknessDarkness ColdCold WeakWeak Earth;Earth; Moon Moon