Indicate which of the following statements are true. Replace the word in italics to make any false statements true.

______ 2. An artisan kept records in cuneiform.

______ 3. Assyrian kings divided their empire into political districts called provinces.

______ 4. A civilization is a group of many different lands under one ruler.

scribe

true

empire

Chapter

5. How did Paleolithic people adapt to their environment? Paleolithic people adapted to their environment by making tools and clothes and using fire.

6. What were the major differences between people who lived in the Paleolithic period and those who lived in the Neolithic period? Paleolithic people were hunters and gatherers. Neolithic people were farmers and traders who built communities.

Chapter Assessment 4

7. Where were the first civilizations in Mesopotamia? The first civilizations in Mesopotamia were in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

8. What kinds of contributions did Sumerians make? Sumerians invented cuneiform, irrigation systems, the wagon wheel, the plow, mathematical ideas, the 60­minute hour, the 60­second minute, the 360­degree circle, and the 12­month calendar.

Chapter

9. How did Sumerian city­states lose power? Conflicts weakened them and they became vulnerable to outside attack.

10. What helped Assyria build an empire in Mesopotamia? Assyria’s military power and government helped it build an empire in Mesopotamia.

Chapter

11. What scientific advancement did the Chaldeans make? The Chaldeans mapped stars, planets, and the phases of the moon; created sundials; and used a seven­day week.

Chapter Assessment 7

12. Explain Why do you think Mesopotamia is sometimes called the “cradle of civilization”? Some of the earliest known civilizations arose in Mesopotamia. Their ideas were borrowed and are still used by civilizations today.

(12) CA 6RC2.3

Chapter

13. Analyze Why was the development of farming called a revolution? Farming allowed early humans to settle into villages, which was a new way of life.

14. Describe What rights did women have in the city­states of Sumer? Sumerian women could buy and sell property and run businesses.

(13) CA HI3. (14) CA 6RC2.0

Chapter

15. Predict How successful do you think the Assyrian army would have been if it had not learned how to strengthen iron? Answers will vary. It may be noted that the Assyrians still might have been powerful because of their strategies and ruthlessness.

(15) CA HI4.

Chapter

Match the definitions in the second column to the terms in the first column.

a. area of fertile soil at the end of a river

b. reed plant used to make baskets, rafts, and paper

c. grassy plain d. rapids e. Egyptian writing system f. forced payments g. title for Egyptian leaders

c f d a e g b

___ 1. savanna ___ 2. tribute ___ 3. cataract ___ 4. delta ___ 5. hieroglyphics ___ 6. pharaoh ___ 7. papyrus

Chapter

8. What natural barriers protected Egypt from invasion? Natural barriers that protected Egypt included deserts, cataracts in the Nile, and delta marshes.

9. What two areas of Egypt were united around 3100 B.C.? The two areas united were Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

Chapter

10. What were the Egyptians’ religious beliefs? They believed in many gods and goddesses and in an afterlife.

11. Where did Egyptians of the Old Kingdom bury their pharaohs? They were buried in large tombs known as pyramids.

Chapter

12. During what period did Egypt reach the height of its power? Egypt reached the height of its power during the New Kingdom.

13. Why are Akhenaton and Tutankhamen well­known? Akhenaton tried to change Egypt’s religion. Tutankhamen’s tomb was found with many treasures.

Chapter

14. Where did the Nubians live? The Nubians lived on the Nile in present day Sudan.

15. What made the Kushites wealthy? Trade and iron gave them superior weapons and better farming tools.

Chapter

16. Describe Identify the four social groups in ancient Egypt, and explain who belonged to each group. Egypt’s four social groups were the top class, the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. The top class included the pharaoh and royal families. The upper class included priests, army commanders, and nobles. The middle class was made up of traders, artisans, shopkeepers, and other skilled workers. The lower class included unskilled workers and farmers.

(16) CA 6RC2.4

Chapter

17. Synthesize How do you think religious leaders reacted to Akhenaton’s changes? They were probably angry because they lost power and because their belief systems were challenged.

18. Analyze Do you agree that Egyptian civilization can be called “the Gift of the Nile”? Explain. Answers will vary but should note how much the Egyptians relied on the Nile.

(17) CA HI2. (18) CA HR2.

Chapter

19. Compare In what ways did Meroë look like an Egyptian city? Meroë had small pyramids, a huge temple at the end of a grand avenue lined with sculpture, and decorated walls.

(19) CA 6RC2.2

Chapter

Study the map below and answer the following questions.

20. Location The Nile River delta empties into what body of water?

The Nile River empties into the Mediterranean Sea.

(20) CA CS3.

Chapter

21. Movement Why would ancient Egyptians find it easier to travel north and south than to travel east and west?

The Nile provided easy north/south travel by boat. Deserts lay east and west.

(21) CA CS3.

22. Human/Environment Interaction Why is Egyptian farming along the Nile?

The Nile enriches and waters the soil, while the rest of the area is desert.

(22) CA CS3.

Chapter

32. Which area on the map was the home of the Kushite kingdom? A J B K C L D M

Under which of the rulers of Egypt would you most like to have lived?

___ 1. tribe ___ 2. prophet ___ 3. synagogue ___ 4. Sabbath ___ 5. messiah ___ 6. monotheism ___ 7. covenant ___ 8. exile

Chapter

Match the definitions in the second column to the terms in the first column.

a. believed to be inspired by God

b. Jewish house of worship c. family group d. holy day of worship and rest e. forced absence f. belief in one God g. deliverer sent by God h. agreement

c a b d g f h e

9. Where did the Israelites record their history and religious beliefs? They recorded their history in the Hebrew Bible.

10. Why did the Israelites fight the Canaanites? They believed it was God’s will and they believed that the land was theirs because God had promised it to them.

Chapter

11. Why did the Israelites choose a king? The Israelites chose a king to unite them against their enemies, the Philistines.

12. Where did David build his capital city? David built his capital in Jerusalem.

Chapter

13. What happened when the Israelites were conquered by the Assyrians? They were forced to leave Israel.

14. After the Chaldean invasion, to where were the Jews exiled? They were exiled into Babylon.

15. How did Jewish ideas spread throughout the Mediterranean world? Some Jews of the Diaspora translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek.

16. How did religion influence Jewish life? Jewish laws set rules for diet, dress, conduct, and so on.

The Jewish rebellions were forcefully put down, and the Romans destroyed the temple in Jerusalem and exiled the Jews.

17. How did Romans respond to Jewish rebellions?

Chapter

18. Contrast How was the Jewish religion different from religions of other ancient cultures? The Jewish religion had one God, while other religions had many.

(18) CA 6RC2.2 (19) CA 6RC2.0

19. Analyze Why do you think the Israelites felt so strongly about a Promised Land? Jews believed they had received the promised land by having made a covenant with God.

Chapter

20. Compare and Contrast How were Saul and David similar, and how were they different? Both were warrior kings who led Israelites to victory. Saul displeased God, plotted to kill David, and was eventually killed in battle. David defeated Goliath and the Philistines and built Jerusalem.

(20) CA HI2.

21. Explain How did the Jewish religion survive during the exile of the Jews?

Chapter

The Jews worshipped on the Sabbath.

22. Describe What is celebrated on the Jewish holiday Hanukkah? The Maccabees’ defeat of the Greeks and the reclaiming and cleansing of the temple in Jerusalem is celebrated on Hanukkah.

(21) CA HI1. (22) CA 6RC2.0

Study the map below and answer the following questions.

Israel had an advantage when it came to trade because it had ports on the Mediterranean Sea.

(23) CA CS3.

23. Location Which kingdom—Israel or Judah—had an advantage when it came to trade? Why?

24. Identify About how far is Jerusalem from Damascus?

It is about 140 miles.

25. Analyze Which kingdom had the most access to the Mediterranean?

Israel had the most access.

(24) CA CS3. (25) CA CS3.

Chapter

Read the passage below and answer the following question.

“What you gain by doing evil won’t help you at all, but being good can save you from death.”

Chapter

34. This proverb by Solomon reflects what important Jewish teaching? A Working hard is all that matters. B Doing what is right and good is the

best solution. C As long as you are happy, it doesn’t

matter if you are good or evil. D Treat others as you would like to

be treated.

Chapter

Do you think religion affected the daily lives of the ancient Israelites more, less, or about the same as religion affects people in the United States today? Why?

CA CS1. CA 6RC2.3