EOS Fig 2: Transistor failure caused by electrical overstress
damage across the die Fig 3: ESD damage/short between
Emitter/Collector regions on a device. ESD
Slide 5
Note EOS will be influenced by all signals Induced Voltage EMI
EOS Static Field ESDEMF E- Field H- Field RFT Surge RFI Electrical
Overstress (EOS) 3M 2014. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 6
Important Terms EOS: Electrical Overstress Static Field:
Electrostatic Field Induced Voltage: Voltage induced into the board
or component by contact ESD: Electrostatic Discharge EMI:
Electromagnetic Interference EMF: Electromagnetic Field E-Field:
Electric Field RFI: Radio Frequency Interference EFT: Electronics
Fast Transients H-Field: Magnetic Field Surge: A sudden, sharp
increase of electric current or voltage in a circuit
Slide 7
What is Electrical Overstress (EOS)? EOS (Electrical
Overstress) is the exposure of a component or PCB board to a
current or voltage beyond its maximum ratings. This exposure may or
may not result in a catastrophic failure. Fig 4: EOS on a damaged
RS232C transceiver
Slide 8
How is Static Generated? - - - - - - - + + + + + + + Contact
and Separation of Materials 3M 2014. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 9
What is Induced Voltage? Refers to voltage being induced into
the board or component by contact, resulting in current transfer
through the component or board. Fig 5: Current flow resulting from
Induced Voltage
Slide 10
What is Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)? ESD is a rapid,
spontaneous transfer of electrostatic charge induced by a high
electrostatic field through a spark between two bodies at different
electrostatic potentials as they approach or are separated from one
another. There are three different ESD models identified by the
standards presently: Charge Device Model (CDM) Machine Model (MM)
Human Body Model (HBM) Fig 6: ESD damage to a bi-polar
transistor
Slide 11
What is Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)? Electromagnetic
Interference is a disturbance that affects an electrical circuit,
due to either electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic
radiation emitted from an external source. Fig 7: Electromagnetic
Interference
Slide 12
What is Electromagnetic Field (EMF)? Electromagnetic Field is a
physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects
the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The
electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space. Fig 8:
Electromagnetic Field from a Cell Phone
Slide 13
What is Electric Field (E-Field)? Electric field surrounds
electrically charged particles. Electric field exerts a force on
other electrically charged objects. Fig 9: Electric Field from
positive and negative charge
Slide 14
What is Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)? Radio Frequency
Interference (RFI) refers to the noise caused by other Radio
Frequency that interferes with information being transmitted. Fig
10: TDMA mobile phone caused false readings in sensor of magnetic
head tester and finally caused error message after failing several
good GMR heads
Slide 15
What is Electrical Fast Transient (EFT)? An Electrical Fast
Transient event is a short-lived burst of energy in a system caused
by a sudden change of state. The source of the transient energy may
be an internal event or a nearby event. Fig11: Single and bursts of
EFT
Slide 16
What is a Magnetic Field (H-Field)? A magnetic field is a field
of force produced by moving electric charges. Electric and magnetic
fields are two interrelated aspects of a single object, called the
electromagnetic field. Fig12: Magnetic Field penetrating a
superconductor
Slide 17
What is a Power Surge? A Power Surge is an unexpected,
temporary, uncontrolled increase in current or voltage in an
electrical circuit. Heavy electrical equipment being cycled on/off
is the most common cause of power surge. Fig 13: Power Surge and
its effect
Slide 18
SCS Products Used for Each Parameter EOS: SCS Iron Man Plus
Workstation Monitor Static Field: SCS Air Ionizer Tester/Field
Meter and Charger 718 or SCS EM Aware TNG ESD Event Monitor Induced
Voltage: (from ground) SCS Ground Pro Ground Integrity Meter, SCS
Ground Master, and (by contact) SCS Charge Analyzer/Charge Monitor
711 ESD: EM Aware TNG ESD Event Monitor, SCS EM Eye Meter, SCS ESD
Pro Event Indicator EMI: EM Eye Meter EMF: EM Eye Meter E-Field: EM
Eye, ScanEM-C RFI: EM Eye Meter EFT: EM Aware TNG ESD Event
Monitor, EM Eye Meter H-Field: ScanEM-C
Slide 19
What Constitutes a Safe EOS/ESD Environment? The ultimate goal
of an EOS/ESD program is to minimize EOS/ESD exposure to components
and its influence on the process. Without closed-loop control, the
success of an EOS/ESD program is always uncertain. Most current ESD
controls are centered on performance of individual components of
ESD protection, such as grounding, ionizers, materials, etc. If
EOS/ESD occurred in your environment, performance of individual
protection components is lacking. AN EOS/ESD Program is Only As
Strong as its Weakest Link... It Is Imperative to Address All
Potential Areas of Damage
Slide 20
What Constitutes a Safe EOS/ESD Environment? The Most Ionizers
The Best Ground Everyone Wearing Wrist Straps Compliance with ESD
Standards + + + A Safe EOS/ESD Environment is One Where There is No
EOS/ESD Exposure to Sensitive Environments. This Requires a
Holistic Approach. It is Important to Address Each Component of
EOS/ESD Control It is Equally Important to Monitor Your EOS/ESD
Environment
Slide 21
EOS/ESD Instrumentation: Managing Your EOS/ESD Environment by
Results
Slide 22
Detecting EOS/ESD Events in Your Production Identify and
measure EOS and ESD Instrumentation helps ensures compliance
Products used: SCS Iron Man Plus Workstation Monitor SCS EM Aware
TNG ESD Event Monitor Starter Kit SCS EM Eye Meter SCS ESD Pro
Event Indicator
Slide 23
SCS Iron Man Plus Workstation Monitor Monitors: Electrical
Overstress on the grounded board Dissipative Ground (bench mat)
Operator Resistance and Body Voltage Advantages: Ensures compliance
with EOS levels Operator Body Voltage measurement 10^9 Mat
resistance measurement Small and easy to use
Slide 24
SCS EM Aware TNG ESD Event Monitor Monitors: Electrostatic
Discharge (ESD) Static Field or Ionization Balance Ionization Decay
Advantages: Measures all parameters through one antenna Rejects
non-ESD EMI events LCD display for easy local viewing MODBUS or
4-20mA output to FMS Software available for characterization of ESD
Events Small footprint and Joystick for ease of use Used for
continuous monitoring of ESD, Static Field and Ionization Decay of
production environment
Slide 25
3M EM Aware TNG ESD Event Monitor Starter Kit Diagnostic/Audit
Tool: ESD Static Field or Ionization Balance Ionization Decay
Advantages: Measures multiple points (up to 6 units) Complete with
data acquisition and software for recording Used as ESD diagnostic
tool for different applications Supplies factual data during
Diagnostic and ESD Audit
Slide 26
ESD Audit: Going by the Facts ESD Audit Report Assumptions
Wrist straps Ground Ionizers Dissipative floors Dissipative
garments Static voltage levels Gloves Tweezers Packaging Shelving
ESD Audit Report Facts 12 ESD Events stronger than 200V CDM
observed at tool # 5 during 8 hrs. shift Maximum strength of ESD
Event was 550V CDM ESD Events were correlated with new materials
arrival and handling Correction and verification to follow
immediately
Slide 27
SCS EM Eye Meter Measuring Instrument: Electrostatic Discharge
(ESD) CDM, HBM, MM Electromagnetic Field (EMF) RF Signal
Advantages: Portable, light weight, touch screen Open platform use
specific sensor for specific parameter. Used as ESD diagnostic
instrument Rejects non-ESD EMI events Supplies factual data during
ESD Audit Uses directional antenna or remote antenna Supplied with
Calibration Certificate
Slide 28
SCS ESD Pro ESD Event Indicator Diagnostic Tool: Electrostatic
Discharge (ESD) Advantages: ESD Indicator Displays strength of ESD
Event Used as ESD diagnostic tool for different application
Supplies factual data during ESD Audit Portable and easy to use
Rejects non-ESD EMI events
Slide 29
Identifying Root Causes At the Application Level
Slide 30
Finding the Root Causes of EOS/ESD Identify the Application
Where EOS/ESD Events are Being Created For Example SMT Line
Soldering Printer Repair Functional Test (Manual or Automatic
Testing) Manual Applications Must Know Where to Look 3M Expertise
and Technology Can Help
Slide 31
EMI influence on EOS Common Mode and Differential mode signals
Powerful Linear Servo-Motors used to move feeders or robotic arms
on an Automated tool Servo Filter I=0.0069A No filter I=1.562
A
Slide 32
IC Handlers Discharges Happen When: IC is picked up from the
input tray IC is placed in the input shuttle IC is placed in the
test socket IC is lifted from the test socket IC is placed in the
exit shuttle IC is placed in the output tray
Slide 33
Pick and Place Discharges Happen When: IC is picked up from the
tape and reel IC is picked up from the tray IC is placed on the
board
Slide 34
Mechanism of EOS/ESD Damage in Handlers or Pick & Place
This Scenario Covers the Discharge Resulting from the Tribocharging
of Encapsulation of the IC
Slide 35
Soldering and Soldering Extract CDM or CBE Discharges Happen
When: Board travels and touches a grounded soldering wave Soldering
tip touches the component or the board Solder touches the board
Component separation from board during extract application
Slide 36
Data Received from Wire Bonding Wire Bonder ESD pattern with
the same spacing during production. Dual ESD Event other then Wire
Bonder pattern during production.
Slide 37
Data Received from Multitester When operator is not testing the
chips no ESD Events are detected in the area ESD Events Detected
At: Multitest #6 Dispenser Multitest #6 Q-Test The lowest ESD Event
detected on channel 1 was 38V CDM and the highest ESD Event
detected on channel 1 was >500VCDM The lowest ESD Event detected
on channel 3 was 19V CDM and the highest ESD Event detected on
channel 3 was 240VCDM Static Voltage is higher at the Q-Test area
Static Voltage at the dispenser area is normally low with the
exception when parts are put in the dispenser
Slide 38
Safe EOS/ESD Environment Based on Results All EOS/ESD
Protective Measures are Designed to Prevent EOS/ESD Events By
Managing EOS/ESD by Protective Measures, You ASSUME that Your
EOS/ESD Problems are Solved By Monitoring Your Environment and
Managing EOS/ESD by End Results, You KNOW that EOS/ESD Problems are
Solved
Slide 39
SCS Products & Services: Putting it All Together Products
Instrumentation for monitoring and detection of ESD/EOS events
Workstation Products for prevention of ESD/EOS events during mfg
Bags for prevention of ESD/EOS events during transit Services Step
1: Audit/Assessment of facilities by certified SCS ESD/EOS expert
Step 2: Detailed in-person training for your ESD managers and
coordinators Step 3: High-level training for operators and managers
Step 4: Continuous monitoring and support by SCS ESD/EOS experts
SCS is Not Just a Supplier, but a Collaborator And Your Competitive
Advantage