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DR PS CHANI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE amp PLANNING
IIT ROORKEE
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
emerging paradigms
180213
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I
Form and Function are one ndash Fl Wright (The Future of
Architecture)
A Paradigm Shift taking place in architecture
Building Design becoming transient (short lived) and
ecologically conscious
Neil Denari ndash Architecture of the future to be an open and
dynamic system
Instead of
A Closed and Static System
Frank OrsquoGehryrsquos free forms 1st step in this direction
Turn of the 21st century ndash Quest for a new architecture
Closed and static system vsopen and dynamic system
Neil Denari
Born Texas Sept 3 1957
University of Houston (B Arch 1980)
Harvard University (M Arch 1982)
After graduate school technical intern in Paris for
Aerospatiale Helicoptres (now Airbus)
In 1983 Denari moved to New York where his work
explored the technical and formal impact of technology
on architecture
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I
Senior designer at James Stewart Polshek and Partners
Shifted practice to LA in 1988 and began Cor-Tex Architecture -
later became Neil M Denari Architects (NMDA) Inc in 1998
Late 1980rsquos his work got
international
recognition esp
through his
3rd place finish in Tokyo
International
Forum Competition
His first project built in Japan (1996) the Interrupted
Projections exhibition space
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Since 1986 distinguished career as a teacher
Has also taught at Columbia University the Bartlett and UT
Arlington
Visiting Professor at both UC Berkeley and Princeton University
Has focused on a diverse range of design endeavors that look at
manifold issues pertaining to architectural
speculation
Studied philosophy of science and also art theory
with the expatriate Austrian artist Paul Rotterdam whom Denari
has cited as his most influential teacher
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
A leader in his generationrsquos use of advanced technology to
propose architecture that shifts bends folds and
unfolds always challenging conventional geometry helliphellip
Current motivation
To make architecture that works with other
media not against it because I donrsquot (think) we should
simply use architecture as a guardian hellipof ldquospacerdquo Whereas
digital media is actually hellip far more influential in defining
our daily lives architecture is lagging behind a bit in the ways
it can become more useful or operative in this realm
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I
Form and Function are one ndash Fl Wright (The Future of
Architecture)
A Paradigm Shift taking place in architecture
Building Design becoming transient (short lived) and
ecologically conscious
Neil Denari ndash Architecture of the future to be an open and
dynamic system
Instead of
A Closed and Static System
Frank OrsquoGehryrsquos free forms 1st step in this direction
Turn of the 21st century ndash Quest for a new architecture
Closed and static system vsopen and dynamic system
Neil Denari
Born Texas Sept 3 1957
University of Houston (B Arch 1980)
Harvard University (M Arch 1982)
After graduate school technical intern in Paris for
Aerospatiale Helicoptres (now Airbus)
In 1983 Denari moved to New York where his work
explored the technical and formal impact of technology
on architecture
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I
Senior designer at James Stewart Polshek and Partners
Shifted practice to LA in 1988 and began Cor-Tex Architecture -
later became Neil M Denari Architects (NMDA) Inc in 1998
Late 1980rsquos his work got
international
recognition esp
through his
3rd place finish in Tokyo
International
Forum Competition
His first project built in Japan (1996) the Interrupted
Projections exhibition space
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Since 1986 distinguished career as a teacher
Has also taught at Columbia University the Bartlett and UT
Arlington
Visiting Professor at both UC Berkeley and Princeton University
Has focused on a diverse range of design endeavors that look at
manifold issues pertaining to architectural
speculation
Studied philosophy of science and also art theory
with the expatriate Austrian artist Paul Rotterdam whom Denari
has cited as his most influential teacher
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
A leader in his generationrsquos use of advanced technology to
propose architecture that shifts bends folds and
unfolds always challenging conventional geometry helliphellip
Current motivation
To make architecture that works with other
media not against it because I donrsquot (think) we should
simply use architecture as a guardian hellipof ldquospacerdquo Whereas
digital media is actually hellip far more influential in defining
our daily lives architecture is lagging behind a bit in the ways
it can become more useful or operative in this realm
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Closed and static system vsopen and dynamic system
Neil Denari
Born Texas Sept 3 1957
University of Houston (B Arch 1980)
Harvard University (M Arch 1982)
After graduate school technical intern in Paris for
Aerospatiale Helicoptres (now Airbus)
In 1983 Denari moved to New York where his work
explored the technical and formal impact of technology
on architecture
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I
Senior designer at James Stewart Polshek and Partners
Shifted practice to LA in 1988 and began Cor-Tex Architecture -
later became Neil M Denari Architects (NMDA) Inc in 1998
Late 1980rsquos his work got
international
recognition esp
through his
3rd place finish in Tokyo
International
Forum Competition
His first project built in Japan (1996) the Interrupted
Projections exhibition space
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Since 1986 distinguished career as a teacher
Has also taught at Columbia University the Bartlett and UT
Arlington
Visiting Professor at both UC Berkeley and Princeton University
Has focused on a diverse range of design endeavors that look at
manifold issues pertaining to architectural
speculation
Studied philosophy of science and also art theory
with the expatriate Austrian artist Paul Rotterdam whom Denari
has cited as his most influential teacher
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
A leader in his generationrsquos use of advanced technology to
propose architecture that shifts bends folds and
unfolds always challenging conventional geometry helliphellip
Current motivation
To make architecture that works with other
media not against it because I donrsquot (think) we should
simply use architecture as a guardian hellipof ldquospacerdquo Whereas
digital media is actually hellip far more influential in defining
our daily lives architecture is lagging behind a bit in the ways
it can become more useful or operative in this realm
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Neil Denari
Born Texas Sept 3 1957
University of Houston (B Arch 1980)
Harvard University (M Arch 1982)
After graduate school technical intern in Paris for
Aerospatiale Helicoptres (now Airbus)
In 1983 Denari moved to New York where his work
explored the technical and formal impact of technology
on architecture
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I
Senior designer at James Stewart Polshek and Partners
Shifted practice to LA in 1988 and began Cor-Tex Architecture -
later became Neil M Denari Architects (NMDA) Inc in 1998
Late 1980rsquos his work got
international
recognition esp
through his
3rd place finish in Tokyo
International
Forum Competition
His first project built in Japan (1996) the Interrupted
Projections exhibition space
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Since 1986 distinguished career as a teacher
Has also taught at Columbia University the Bartlett and UT
Arlington
Visiting Professor at both UC Berkeley and Princeton University
Has focused on a diverse range of design endeavors that look at
manifold issues pertaining to architectural
speculation
Studied philosophy of science and also art theory
with the expatriate Austrian artist Paul Rotterdam whom Denari
has cited as his most influential teacher
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
A leader in his generationrsquos use of advanced technology to
propose architecture that shifts bends folds and
unfolds always challenging conventional geometry helliphellip
Current motivation
To make architecture that works with other
media not against it because I donrsquot (think) we should
simply use architecture as a guardian hellipof ldquospacerdquo Whereas
digital media is actually hellip far more influential in defining
our daily lives architecture is lagging behind a bit in the ways
it can become more useful or operative in this realm
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Senior designer at James Stewart Polshek and Partners
Shifted practice to LA in 1988 and began Cor-Tex Architecture -
later became Neil M Denari Architects (NMDA) Inc in 1998
Late 1980rsquos his work got
international
recognition esp
through his
3rd place finish in Tokyo
International
Forum Competition
His first project built in Japan (1996) the Interrupted
Projections exhibition space
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Since 1986 distinguished career as a teacher
Has also taught at Columbia University the Bartlett and UT
Arlington
Visiting Professor at both UC Berkeley and Princeton University
Has focused on a diverse range of design endeavors that look at
manifold issues pertaining to architectural
speculation
Studied philosophy of science and also art theory
with the expatriate Austrian artist Paul Rotterdam whom Denari
has cited as his most influential teacher
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
A leader in his generationrsquos use of advanced technology to
propose architecture that shifts bends folds and
unfolds always challenging conventional geometry helliphellip
Current motivation
To make architecture that works with other
media not against it because I donrsquot (think) we should
simply use architecture as a guardian hellipof ldquospacerdquo Whereas
digital media is actually hellip far more influential in defining
our daily lives architecture is lagging behind a bit in the ways
it can become more useful or operative in this realm
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Since 1986 distinguished career as a teacher
Has also taught at Columbia University the Bartlett and UT
Arlington
Visiting Professor at both UC Berkeley and Princeton University
Has focused on a diverse range of design endeavors that look at
manifold issues pertaining to architectural
speculation
Studied philosophy of science and also art theory
with the expatriate Austrian artist Paul Rotterdam whom Denari
has cited as his most influential teacher
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
A leader in his generationrsquos use of advanced technology to
propose architecture that shifts bends folds and
unfolds always challenging conventional geometry helliphellip
Current motivation
To make architecture that works with other
media not against it because I donrsquot (think) we should
simply use architecture as a guardian hellipof ldquospacerdquo Whereas
digital media is actually hellip far more influential in defining
our daily lives architecture is lagging behind a bit in the ways
it can become more useful or operative in this realm
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
A leader in his generationrsquos use of advanced technology to
propose architecture that shifts bends folds and
unfolds always challenging conventional geometry helliphellip
Current motivation
To make architecture that works with other
media not against it because I donrsquot (think) we should
simply use architecture as a guardian hellipof ldquospacerdquo Whereas
digital media is actually hellip far more influential in defining
our daily lives architecture is lagging behind a bit in the ways
it can become more useful or operative in this realm
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
The digital revolution has created an infinite
palette to express ideas What technology do
you see as lagging behind your vision
The scale of architecture and its essentially
handmade processes makes problematic its
relationship to technology especially those
technologies that we would like to transfer
from other industries
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
To move beyond the site-based construction
of buildings to a much more integrated
system of information sharing and machine
based off-site material production is the goal
in our field
In order to get to this level of prefabrication
much larger machines are needed to
contend with the scale of building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Most of these machines exist
in the automotive and
aerospace worlds but they
are scaled to the parts and
pieces of those productshellip
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Manufacturing an airplane
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Manufacturing a car
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Super-large machines for glass
laminating metal stamping
injection molding (recycled
polymers) etc are just now being
developed in China and elsewhere
as architects ambitions have risen
with the tide of global markets
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Metal stamping machines
Glass laminating machines
Injection molding machines
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Stamping
Includes a variety of sheet-metal forming
manufacturing processes such as punching using
a machine press or stamping press blanking
embossing bending flanging and coining
This could be a single stage operation where every
stroke of the press produces the desired form on the
sheet metal part or could occur through a series of
stages
The process is usually carried out on sheet metal
but can also be used on other materials such
as polystyrene
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Injection molding
Manufacturing process for producing parts by
injecting material into a mold Injection molding
can be performed with a host of materials
including metals glasses hellip and most
commonly thermoplastic and thermosetting
polymers
Injection molding widely used for manufacturing a
variety of parts from the smallest component to
entire body panels of cars
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Glass Laminating ndashlets watch the video
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Despite the economic conditions we
face today and likely for the next couple
of years there has been no decline in
our ambition just fewer opportunities
to explore a greater level of
technological integration
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California USA
2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles
California Usa 2001-02 Neil
Denari
bull 1st built work in LA
bull Storeshowroom for LA
Eyeworks
bull Furthers his exploration of
surface and form
bull Main idea of continuous
surfaces utilizing multiple
functions starts at front door of
the 1250 sft store as a low
bench rises up to an LED display
and further wraps to become
the stores primary signagehttpwwwarchidoseorgFeb03021703chtml
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
LA Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
La Eyeworks Store Los
Angeles California Usa
2001-02 Neil Denari
Inside ndash assemblage of
continuous surfaces
defining spaces and
leading the eye through
the store
Low bench of facade
brought inside as a
bench that leads up
towards the skylight
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Pieces of furniture move on casters and nest inside each other to become a single sculptural unit during non-business hours
La Eyeworks Store Los Angeles California
Usa 2001-02 Neil Denari
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
LA EYEWORKS STORE
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA USA
2001-02 NEIL DENARI
Rear of store - multiple-height countertop wraps up to
become a continuation of the ceiling plane that also rises to
the rear of the store together acting as a procession towards
the purchase of the owner-designed frames
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil DenariEmbossed fibre
glass panelsAluminium columns
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
concepts for individual and group work areas with a new workstation prototype and large graphical interface surfaces
In these modules 4 people can work together or separately in an interconnected arrangement of identical work stations
Curved surfaces and furniture on wheels to
emphasize the mobility and flexibility of
the installation
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Sun Microsystems Concept Projects
2001 Neil Denari
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
CARLOW ART CENTER IRELAND 2002 NEIL DENARI COMPETITION
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
7 separate one-time
exceptions to zoning law
by the City of New Yorkrsquos
Department of Planning
Built to LEED Gold
Certification
environmental standards
Neil Denarirsquos first
freestanding
building
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Structural system
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Prefabrication in China
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Huge glass openingsndash 115rsquoX6rsquo
Hl 23 New York Neil
Denari
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
HL 23 NEW YORK NEIL DENARI
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS CHICAGO 1948 MIES VAN DER ROHE
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
2007 NMDA selected to design
small commercial buildings - part of
larger master plan of Shanghai
This office known in China for its
new approach to design - leads
the way for the entire country
585 sqm 4 story mini-tower with
new pedestrian canal - winds its
way through a variety of public and
commercial buildings
G Flr commercial + roof terrace +
one single 3 story barrestaurant
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Simple steel frame building with
aluminum and glass storefront
system that sits on floor slabs
Screen system of special
aluminum panels attached to a
simple back up frame in front of
the exposed slab edges
Plan shaped in such a way as to
form a series of ascending stairs
along the canal side of the
building
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - I Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai
Neil Denari
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Ningbo International Shanghai Neil Denari
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
bullBrief ldquohellipthe project consists of three theatersincluding a 1500-seat Grand theater and 2 800-seattheaters This performance venue shall provideinteractive facilities for fans of performing artscoupled with appropriate educational functions toenhance the artistic cultural qualityhelliprdquo
bullGiven the near schizophrenia of the site (lush green vsbeige postmodernism) surely a powerful reason tochoose this location we have proposed a scheme thatrises to a height of 57 meters as a way to challenge thevertical dominance of the perimeter blocks Thisdecision has other positive benefits yet it is theanticipation of an even taller city that inspires suchlogic
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
Slope away from the site footprint has been mirrored in the East facing perforated faccedilade
Setting up a corridor of space between the rail station the green mountain and the Shilin Night Market to the North
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Taipei Performing Arts Center Competition Taipei City Taiwan
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
MARCOS NOVAK
Pioneer of the architecture of
Virtuality (virtual + reality)
Concept ndash lsquoLIQUID ARCHITECTURErsquo
OR lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Existing solely on computer screens
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Evolution (as Novak states it)
Multidisciplinary (many)
Interdisciplinary (Between among)
Transdisciplinary (across beyond)
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
New TECTONICS (The science of
construction)
Involving algorithmic conception rapid
prototyping robotic prefabrication
Novak apparently wants to blur the
boundary dividing the real world from
the virtual world (reality to virtuality)
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Marcos Novak
Materially an architecture that is
conceived algorithmically prototyped
rapidly and fabricated robotically
Informationally an architecture that is
conceived algorithmicallyexecuted
computationally and inhabited
interactively
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - IIEchinoderm
AlloBio iA-transAura
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
The world encountered
The Real World
The Virtual World
The Dream World
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Programme Generated Architecture
Futuristic ndash Architectural design generated by
computer programmes
Entirely probable that future design studios
would comprise of computer programs that
accomplish most of the logical calculative and
repetitive tasks replacing manpower
Already seeing the major shift from the drafting
board to the computer monitor
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Programme Generated Architecture
bull Architect only to intervene when
subjective decision to be made which
can be conceived only by the human mind
such as aesthetics (and more)
bull These ideas finally lead us to Programme
Generated Architecture ( PGA ) by
Japanese Architect Makoto Sei Watanabe
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Programme Generated Architecture
Watanabe uses PGA in his Induction Cities projects in variety of ways including programmes to
Place building blocks based on sunlight exposure
Plan the streets in a city
Create towns according to relationships between different necessities
Structural optimization etc
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Programme Generated Architecture
Induction cities
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Kashiwanoha-Campus Station Watanabe
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
PGA ndash Programme of Flow Watanabe used Programme of Flow to design the facade
of Kashiwanoha-Campus station
The design process involved two parts- human part +
programme part
Human part feeds a graded design input into programme
which
Programme then analyses and produces an output
which it believes to be a better design
Designer grades output and feeds it back
This process iterated till desired ldquobest designrdquo produced
httpneoarchbetawordpresscom
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Genetic Algorithm Basically represents the algorithm in which
a living organism propagates
Steps in genetic algorithm represent
steps in biological evolution such as
natural selection cross breeding survival of
the fittest etc
In the beginning the design produced is a
primitive one
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Genetic Algorithmbull After each iteration the program
develops AI and becomes able to differentiate a good design from a poor one
bull A new generation of design is developed
after each iteration which consists of best qualities of previous generation
bull In this way the design evolves like a living organism
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Programme of Flow
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Makoto Sei Watanabe - Lidabashi Subway
Station
A Tubular Mesh literally invades the station
Designed by a system called lsquoWeb Framersquo
Approach similar to that of lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
The Web Frame inherits the lsquoDNArsquo of the engg
Framework
Selectively transforming and enhancing features
Growth of Web Frame facilitated by computer
programme for automated generation of code
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Exposed structure of station one issue of design that
Watanabe wanted to hold strong to as it was part of making the invisible visible
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Lidabashi Subway Station Tokyo 1999-2000 Makato Sei Watanabe
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Intention of making visible that which is invisible ndash the subway tubes
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Tunnel-ways of the station composed of three cylindrical tubes joined together
2 outer ones are for railways and center for station and access ways of passengers
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Exterior of metro stations
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Well designed hand rails provided and instructions also written in brail tactile materials provided to guide visually impaired passengers thus making the station disable friendly
To reduce the running cost maintenance free materials used Steel cladding employed in areas like toilets
Interior design of metro stations
L idabash i Subway S ta t ion
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Computer Driven Architecturebull Computer is beginning to make possible the
kind of TRUE FLEXIBILITY that escaped the
construction technique of earlier timehellip
bull The lsquodata driven pneumaticrsquo structure presented by Kas Oosterius (Trans-ports)
bull Might be one of the 1st proofs of the viability
of total computer design
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Computer Driven Architecturebull Oosterius says lsquoThe most important feature of the
Transports pavilion is that architecture for the
1st time in its history is no longer fixed
and static
bull Due to its programmability of both form and
information content the construct becomes a
lean and flexible vehicle for a variety of
usagersquo ------ Philip Jodidio Architecture Now
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Trans-ports
Data driven pneumatic structure
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Trans-ports 1999-2001
OosterhuisNl
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Trans-ports
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Trans-ports
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Shigeru Ban
Curtain Wall House
Challenges the precepts of residential design
Naked House
Shed like interior with interior bedroom units moving on wheels
into variable configurations
Homes no longer correspond to set stereotypes
with living rooms bedrooms etc
Flexibility is the key
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain wall - any facade- commonly glass- that provides
no structural or load-bearing capacity for the building
Shigeru Ban interprets this term literally poetically
employing an actual curtain as facade wall
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
New interpretations of trad Japanese
styles
Curtain as architectural element refers to
trad Japanese design elements - shoji
screens fusuma doors in a trad Japanese
house
Read more SHIGERU BAN CURTAIN WALL HOUSE Shigeru Ban Shigeru Ban Curtain wall house curtain wall house passive cooling 2 ndash Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-KU TOKYO
SHIGERU BAN 1995
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Curtain hangs length of 2
stories framing indoor
loggia-type space when
drawn and revealing a
picturesque outdoor patio
when the curtain is pulled
back
Behind curtain a set of
sliding glass wall panels
works with the curtain to
create a completely insulated
and private interior
CURTAIN WALL HOUSE ITABASHI-
KU TOKYO SHIGERU BAN 1995
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
Concept of the universal floor
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Traditonal Japanese homes
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Column-free open plan of
Crown Hall -Mies
innovative concept of
creating universal space -
can be infinitely adapted to
changing use
Allows individual classes to
be held simultaneously
while maintaining creative
interaction between
faculty and students
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU
BAN
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
WALL-LESS HOUSE KARUIZAWA NAGANO JAPAN 1997 SHIGERU BAN
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Paper House
Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru
Ban 1995
A radically simple
plan defines
flexible interior
space adapted to
the Japanese life-
style
Only the
bathroom is
separated from
the free- plan
open interior
space
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Paper House Yamanashi Prefecture Shigeru Ban 1995
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Paper House Yamanashi
Prefecture Shigeru Ban
1995
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Again attempts to redefine the limits of architecture
Inspired by local materials and agricultural architecture employsextruded polyethylene ndash a packing material for fruits ndash in the skin ofthe shed
House lsquoshedrsquo resembles a green house to some extent
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN 1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Questioning the very identity of what a house should be in the 21st
century
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
34 arched trusses
form the essential
shape of the building
One unique large space of two-story high in which four personal rooms on casters can be moved freely
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Shed-like design with
moveable bedroom units
Actual bedrooms made of
brown paper honeycomb
panels set in wooden
frames
Bathrooms kitchen and
laundry areas in fixed
locations separated from
the rest of the house by
high white curtains
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
NAKED HOUSE SITAMA JAPAN
1999-2000 SHIGERU BAN
Can be rolled into
any location even
outside limits of
house itself
Whole on wheels
each unit measuring
6 sqm
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
External walls made of two sheets of corrugated fiber-reinforced plastics and
inner walls made of a nylon fabric are both mounted on wooden stud frames
and sit in parallel In between are attached clear plastic bags carefully stuffed
with strings of foamed polyethylene for insulation purpose Through these
bags a soft diffused light fills in the interior of the house
They can be moved accordingly to the needs of their use
Placed against the walls of the house in front of the heating or air-
conditioning units warm air or a cooling breeze can flow into it
They can also be put side by side and create a larger room when their sliding
doors are removed
They can be taken outside on the terrace for the full use of the space inside
They can also work as a supplementary floor for the children to play on top
Shigeru Ban - This house is indeed a result of my vision of enjoyable and
flexible living which evolved from the clientrsquos own vision toward a living and a
family life
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Steeply sloping plot
Obstructed view-R Seine and city
Separate living spaces for parents and daughter
Solution ndash 2 pavilions linked by a pool on the roof
Concept from Corbusier ndash roof garden lsquopilotisrsquo cubical masses
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD
PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Main floor
plans
Upper floor plan
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Access floor plan
Roof Plan
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA
ST CLOUD
PARIS REM
KOOLHAAS
1991
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
VILLA DALLrsquoAVA ST CLOUD PARIS REM KOOLHAAS 1991
Open living area in an elongated glazed space ndash tugendhat villa savoye robiehellip
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Top floor rests on three legsOne of these legs a cylinder that includes the circular staircase of the
house is located off-centre Although this displacement brings an instability to the house it gains equilibrium by placing a steel beam over the house which pulls a cable in tension
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Middle level with an uninterrupted view over the surrounding landscape
Effect intensified with the highly polished finish of the stainless steel cylinder which incorporates the stairs and makes it disappear into the landscape
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Hill with a panoramic
view over the city
The husband ndash to
architect Contrary
to what you might
expect I do not want
a simple house I
want a complicated
house because it will
determine my
worldMaison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
House on three levels one on top of each otherGround floor half-carved into the hill accommodates kitchen and
television room and leads to a courtyardBedrooms of family on top floor built as a dark concrete box In middle of these two levels - living room made of glass where one
contemplates the valley of the river Garonne and Bordeauxs clear outline
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Wheelchair access to levels by an elevator platform - size of a room is well-
equipped office
Part of kitchen on ground floor
Links with aluminium floor on middle level
Creates relaxed working space in master bedroom on top floor
Indispensable part of the handicapped client
Offers him more possibilities of mobility than to any other family member-
only he has access to spaces like wine cellar or bookshelves - span from
ground floor to top of the house
THE
PLA
TFO
RM
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Maison De Bordeaux Paris Rem Koolhaas
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Middle level a balcony where the top floor floats aboveGlazed space which allows the wheelchair to confuse the nature outside with the interior of the houseIn contrast the same landscape receives another treatment from the top floor The view appears restricted and predetermined framed by circular windows placed according to whether one stands sits or lays down
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Set on beachfront site 65
sqm
Building covers only 23 sqm-
total floor area 118 sqm
Four story tower grid 4X4m
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
GF -Entrance space and bathroom
2nd lvl ndash bedroom
3rd floor ndash study
Top floor ndash living room and kitchen
Top floor has same grid but volume shifted 1m in direction of sea vis-agrave-vis lower lvls
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN
TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp
ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO
ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
4X4 HOUSE KOBE JAPAN TADAO ANDO ARCHITECT amp ASSOCIATES
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Recycling now second nature to modern communities as we strive
for environmental sustainability
Aiming to reduce reuse and recycle waste we find new life in
everything from bottles and boxes to clothes vehicles
And
BUILDINGS
ADAPTIVE REUSE - a process that changes a disused or
ineffective item into a new item that can be used for a different
purpose
Sometimes nothing changes but the itemrsquos use
ADAPTIVE RESUE
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ADAPTIVE REUSE - BUILDINGS
Old buildings often outlive their original purpose
Adaptive reuse or re-use is a process that adapts
buildings for new uses while retaining their historic
features
Eg - An old factory may become an apartment
building
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Adaptive reuse - process of adapting old structures for
purposes other than those initially intended
When original use of a structure changes
Or
No longer required as with older buildings from industrial
revolution
Architects have opportunity to change primary function of
structure while retaining some existing architectural details
that make the building unique
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
In local communities unused schools or Post Office buildings
been adapted for reuse as retail stores or offices
Seen as key factor in land conservation and reducing the
amount of urban sprawl
For the concept of smart growth - more efficient and
environmentally responsible to redevelop older buildings closer
to urban cores than to build new constructions
bullhttpenwikipediaorgwikiFileMalthouse_richmondjpg
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Peter Cowenrsquos study- suggests that most buildings physically suitable for
adaptation to most uses
Influenced the proposition - lsquoLONG LIFE ndash LOOSE FITrsquo
David Kincaid - should be a guiding principle behind most design briefs
This longer view of use potential has recently seen a revival under the
sustainability agenda
The research supporting Kincaidrsquos book also confirms this idea of general utility
of buildings
Encourages adaptation as a serious alternative to demolition and new build
But
Does not help to determine which new use is best suited to a particular building
in a particular location at a particular time
REFERENCES
bull Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses Guidelines for change of use refurbishment David Kincaid Spon Press
London 2002 pp 1-2
bull Cowan P (1963) Studies in the growth change and ageing of buildings Transactions of the Bartlett Society 1 pp 56ndash
59
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
bull The most successful built heritage adaptive reuse projects are those
that best respect and retain the buildingrsquos heritage significance
And
bull Add a contemporary layer that provides value for the future
bull Sometimes adaptive reuse is the only way that the buildingrsquos fabric
will be properly cared for revealed or interpreted
While
bull Making better use of the building itself
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Where a building can no longer function with its original use a new use
through adaptation may be the only way to preserve its heritage
significance
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
Adaptive reuse of buildings - major role in sustainable development
When it involves historic buildings environmental benefits more significant
As
Historic buildings offer so much to the landscape identity and amenity of the
communities they belong to
One of the main environmental benefits of reusing buildings - retention of
original buildingrsquos ldquoembodied energyrdquo
By reusing buildings their embodied energy retained making the project
much more environmentally sustainable
Than
An entirely new construction
New buildings have much higher embodied energy costs than buildings that
are adaptively reused
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Benefits Of Adaptive Reuse in Heritage Buildings ndash the Australian Example
Environmental
In 2001 new building accounted for about
40 of annual energy amp raw materials consumption
25 of wood harvest
16 of fresh water supplies
44 of landfill
45 of CO2 production and
up to 50 total greenhouse emissions
Australian Greenhouse Office notes that reuse of building materials
usually involves a saving of approximately 95 of embodied energy that
would otherwise be wasted
Adaptive Reuse Preserving Our Past Building Our Future Royal Institute
of Australian Architects Commonwealth of Australia 2004
Industrialised
countries
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Social
Keeping and reusing historic buildings - long-term benefits for
communities that value them
Adaptive reuse can restore and maintain heritage significance
of a building and help to ensure its survival
Rather than
Falling into disrepair through neglect or being rendered
unrecognisable
Heritage buildings that are sympathetically recycled can
continue to be used
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Social
Increasingly communities governments and developers are seeking
ways to reduce the environmental social and economic costs of
continued urban development and expansion
Realisation - Quality and design of built environment vital to our
standard of living and our impact upon natural resources
Lifestyle enhancement through retention of heritage buildings and
their adaptation into accessible and useable places
The reuse of heritage buildings in established residential areas can
provide the community with new housing and commercial property
opportunities
Reuse of heritage buildings makes good sense
ADAPTIVE RESUE
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
APPROACH
bull Adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal
impact on its heritage significance and its setting
bull Developers should gain an understanding of why building has
heritage status and then pursue development that is
sympathetic to the building to give it a new purpose
bull Adaptive reuse is self-defeating if it fails to protect the
buildingrsquos heritage values
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
BATTERSEA POWER
STATION GILBERT
SCOTT 1943-1963
AKA TATE MODERN
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
BATTERSEA POWER STATION GILBERT SCOTT 1943-1963
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
The Tate Modern in
London is Britains
national museum of
international modern art
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
ADAPTIVE RESUE
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Tate Gallery of Modern Art London Herzog and De Meuron 1995-99
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Adaptive Reuse Conversion of Musee drsquoOrsay
MUSEE DrsquoORSAY PARIS FRANCE GAE AULENTI1986
The Museacutee dOrsay is a museum in Paris France on the
left bank of the Seine
Housed in the former railway station
Holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Basement level Plan
Ground level Plan
Upper level Plan
The
inte
rior o
f the
mu
seu
m
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
bull Presented in chronological order on three floors
bull Extensive collections - include all the fine
decorative and applied arts (painting sculpture
architecture artefacts furnishing cinema
photography music scenaries)
bull Orsay museum bridged gap between
collections Louvre museum collections and that
at museum of modern art at Pompidou Centre
Building Perspectives
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND
MEDIA TECHNOLOGY
KARLSHRUE GERMANY
1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ZKM CENTER FOR ART AND MEDIA TECHNOLOGY KARLSHRUE
GERMANY 1993-97 SCHWEGER + PARTNER
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ZKM Centre for Art and Media Technology Germany
Schweger + Partner 19993-97
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
RENAULT CONFERENCE
CENTER BOULOUGNE-
BILLANCOURT FRANCE 2002-
05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Using computer assisted
design architects
decompose the vast
volume of the Renaultrsquos
57 Metal Building
To
Turn it into a conference
center
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
RENAULT CONFERENCE CENTER BOULOUGNE-BILLANCOURT
FRANCE 2002-05 JAKOB + MACFARLANE
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Dressing up structures to appear in todayrsquos style
Taken an lsquougly and dullrsquo concrete factory ndash wrapped in identical vacuum-
formed models of green copolyster
Plastic shaped by a resin mould amp converted into a contemporary feel HQ
With so many usable but lsquouglyrsquo buildings available for refit renovation-
ADAPTIVE REUSE- will long be a mainstay of 21st century architecture
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
Umbra World HQ Toronto Canada Kohn Schnier Architects 1998-99
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
Client Brief Harmony with nature
and environment versatile and
ecologically sound
Ecological constraints to
be met within the
budget
Built on a former cornfield ndash earth
depleted by intensive farming
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Standard glazing system as
used in Dutch green houses ndash
for internal green areas
Office and lab spaces as normal
buildings within overall glazed
structure ndash Appropriate
Technology
Concrete slab ceilings in offices
+ other devices used to avoid
AC except in labs -
Appropriate Technology
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-98
BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
Local wood for doors
windows office floors ndash
Sustainability
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE - II
INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY AND NATURE
RESEARCH THE NETHERLANDS 1994-
98 BEHNISCH BEHNISCH amp PARTNERS
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
ARCHITECTUREFUTURE
Transient and ecologically conscious Open and dynamic system
MARCOS NOVAK lsquoTRANSARCHITECTURErsquo
Transdisciplinary Approach New TECTONICS Reality to Virtuality
MAKOTO SEI WATANABE PGA
lsquoWeb Framersquo lsquoGenetic Algorithmsrsquo
SHIGERU BAN
Flexibility
Adaptive Reuse
Neil Denari Paradigm Shift
Ecological Concerns Green design mandatory
![FDD-FDW-Template[Current~Future Architecture]](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/58cea0de1a28abb26e8b5281/fdd-fdw-templatecurrentfuture-architecture.jpg)
