Bld62003 mak ceramic

BLD62003 BUILDING MATERIALS BACHELOR QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)

1 BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC

What is ceramic?

Objects made from earthy materials with the aid of heat (the process of making these objects)

Compounds of one or more metals with a non metallic element (silicon, boron & oxygen)

What is clay?

A variety of earthy materials formed by the decomposition of granite.

In the process, these may have been combined with a variety of other materials, forming clay bodies with differing maturing points.


Two types of clays:

3

PRIMARY

Clay found in nature that was formed in place rather than transported by the action of

water.

Also called residual clay.

Kaolin is primary clay.

SECONDARY

Natural clay that has been moved by water or wind from

its source and settled elsewhere in deposits

BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC

RESIDUAL CLAY KAOLIN CLAY

BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC 4

KAOLIN CLAY

Increases the moldability of the plastic porcelain

Act as binder & helps in maintaining the shape of the unfired porcelain during firing

At high temperature, it fuses and reacts with other ingredients to form the glassy matrix



SECONDARY CLAYS

Earthenware

Stoneware Porcelain

• Earthenware clay is a secondary clay.

• It most often holds iron oxide, which gives it a

reddish brown color.

• It is typically used at low fire temperatures

1830-1980°F (1000-1080°C).


• Stoneware clay is composed of fire clay and ball clay both

secondary clays as well as feldspar and silica.

• Typically used for high fire, it matures between 2100-2400°F

(1148-1316°C).

• The materials and high firing temperature vitrify stoneware

clay bodies.

• When vitrified, the particles fuse together and become glass-

like.


• Porcelain is a pure white clay body composed

of kaolin, a primary clay known for its

translucency.

• It is traditionally fired to high fire

temperatures above 2300°F (1260°C).


A ceramic is an inorganic, non-metallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling.

Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous (e.g., a glass).

Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products and a wide range of ceramic art.


These are not amenable to a great range of processing.

Methods for dealing with them tend to fall

into one of two categories: (i) Either make the desired shape by reaction

in situ, or (ii) by forming powders into the desired

shape, and then sintering to form a solid body.

Ceramic forming techniques include shaping

by hand, slip casting, tape casting etc. BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC 11

Non-crystalline ceramics, being glass tend to be formed from melting.

The glass is shaped when in a state of

toffee like viscosity. Methods like blowing into a mould is used. Later heat treatments cause this glass to

become partly crystalline and this material is know as glass ceramic which is widely used for cooktops.















Extreme Hardness i. High wear resistance ii. Extreme hardness can reduce

wear caused by friction Corrosion Resistance Heat Resistance i. Low electrical conductivity ii. Low thermal conductivity iii. Low thermal expansion iv. Poor thermal shock resistance

Low ductility i. Very brittle ii. High elastic modulus Low toughness i. Low fracture toughness ii. Indicates the ability of a crack

or flaw to produce a catastrophic failure

Low density i. Porosity affects properties ii. High strength at elevated

temperatures





Fire clays and shale Terracotta Fireclay Stoneware Earthenware Vitreous China Porcelain Bricks Roofing




























3 TYPES OF CERAMIC BASED ON PRODUCTION PROCESS:

1. GLAZED 2. MOSAIC 3. QUARRY














Ceramic is made from earthy materials. It is categorized into nine types. Explain the following types of ceramic: Terracotta Stoneware Earthenware

(15 marks)


Art & Photos

Bld62003 mak ceramic