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I used this set of slides for a lecture on delivering presentations at the University of Lugano (2009-04-28)
Citation preview
www.tudorgirba.com
Presenting in LuganoTudor Gîrbawww.tudorgirba.com
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Roadmap• Every talk must start with a roadmap
• So:• Introduction• Example presentation• Slides
• Template• Audience• Story• More slides• Conclusion
2
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
About this talk• I used to be extremely afraid of speaking in public
• In fact, I was so afraid that I could hardly speak
• But, because I had to speak, I spent a bit of time thinking about it
• Today, I will share with you some of my reflections on how to do presentations• I am actually quite nervous to talk about it here
3
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Roadmap• Every talk must start with a roadmap
• So:• Introduction• Example presentation• Slides
• Template• Audience• Story• More slides• Conclusion
4
www.tudorgirba.com
Example presentation: Assessing your software systems with better toolsTudor Gîrba - www.tudorgirba.com
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Roadmap• Context
• Software assessment
• Problem
• Challenges
• Conclusions
6
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Context• Software evolves continuously to meet ever changing
requirements • Lehmann Law: As a program evolves, it becomes more
complex, and extra resources are needed to preserve and simplify its structure
• 50%-75% of total effort in a successful project is spent on maintenance• Where maintenance means the period after the first release
7
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Context• Software evolves continuously to meet ever changing
requirements • Lehmann Law: As a program evolves, it becomes more
complex, and extra resources are needed to preserve and simplify its structure
• 50%-75% of total effort in a successful project is spent on maintenance• Where maintenance means the period after the first release
7
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Software assessment• We need to assess the system to take informative
decisions• The developer needs to know what and how to change when a
change request comes his way• The architect needs to know if the code conforms to the overall
architecture• The manager needs to know the status of the project• The client needs to know what happens in between releases
8
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Problem• Software is large and complex
• … and it contains lots of details that are not always relevant
• As systems evolve and as time pressure increases• Quality drifts• Documentation gets obsolete• Knowledge gets lost
• Problem: how to effectively understand all these details?
9
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Techniques• Reverse Engineering is the process of analyzing a
subject system• to identify the systemʼs components and their interrelationships
and• create representations of the system in another form or at a
higher level of abstraction
• There are many techniques:• Metrics, visualization, queries …
• We need to combine techniques to obtain a complete picture
10
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Metrics• Metrics compress the system into numbers
• There are a large number of metrics available
• Various aspects• Size: LOC (lines of code), NOM (number of methods) …• Complexity: CYCLO (McCabe cyclomatic complexity) ...• Coupling, cohesion: TCC (tight class cohesion) …
• Numbers need to be interpreted and put in context
11
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Queries• Queries can encode known rules and they can be run
automatically against the system to detect:• Problems• Places of interest
• Detection Strategies are metrics based rules to detect design flaws
12
ATFD > FEW
Class uses directly more than a
few attributes of other classes
WMC ! VERY HIGH
Functional complexity of the
class is very high
TCC < ONE THIRD
Class cohesion is low
AND GodClass
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Visualization• Visualization encodes the system details into pictures
• We are visual beings and we can obtain an overview of large amounts of information in one glimpse
• Many visualizations are available• Structure, relationships, …
• Visualizations can be combined with metrics
13
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Conclusions• Software software is complex and presents many
details that are difficult to understand
• We need to look at from multiple perspectives• metrics, queries visualizations, etc.• Moose is a platform for software analysis (http://
moose.unibe.ch)
• … but, software is an asset
• Software needs to be approached in its entirety
14
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Roadmap• Every talk must start with a roadmap
• So:• Introduction• Example presentation• Slides
• Template• Audience• Story• More slides• Conclusion
15
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
Slides• Every decent talk is accompanied by slides
• Text is difficult to read so, slides should not have more than 6 first level bullets
• The text should be no smaller than 12 pt
• A good slide has an engaging design
• Donʼt just use a standard design• Show that you care
• Letʼs see what a good template is made of ...
16
© Tudor Girba
www.tudorgirba.com
Lugano - April 28, 2009
The template in 4 steps1. Align title to the left, and add logo to the top right
• The logo should not be too large, but it should be visible at all time
• Adding it to the right, makes it secondary in the visual hierarchy so that it is not compete with the rest of the text
2. Choose colors and style to match the corporate look3. Delimit the title zone and readjust the style4. Add footer
• Slide number is important to let the audience know about the progress
• Add your name, just in case they forgot it• Add the date and place of the presentation to show that it is
customized for the situation17
STOP
why are we here?
the talk is notyour slides
storythe talk is your
story = fairy tale
designyour story
what is youraudience?
messagemessage
messagemessage
message
messagemessage
message
message
messagemessage
message
messagemessagemessage
message
message
messagemessage
message
message
message
message
message
messagemessage
message
message
message
message
messagemessage
message
messagemessage
message
message
messagemessage
messagemessage
message
messagemessage
message
message
messagemessage
message
messagemessagemessage
message
message
messagemessage
message
message
message
message
message
messagemessage
message
message
message
message
messagemessage
message
messagemessage
message
message
messageone
messageonedeliver
slides
slides are visual aids
slides are visual aids
Important sign
1. At this sign, stop, look around and proceed if no other car is coming your way.
2. Important!!!! The cars coming from the other directions will not have to stop.
3. This sign was put here by the authorities in charge.
4. This sign concerns vehicles only. Pedestrians should look at the signs dedicated to them.
5. This sign should not be touched or hindered in any way. Any violation is punishable according to the law.
STOP
STOPImportant sign
•At this sign, stop, look around and proceed if no other car is coming your way.
• Important!!!! The cars coming from the other directions will not have to stop.
• This sign was put here by the authorities in charge.
•This sign concerns vehicles only. Pedestrians should look at the signs dedicated to them.
•This sign should not be touched or hindered in any way. Any violation is punishable according to the law.
STOPImportant sign
•At this sign, stop, look around and proceed if no other car is coming your way.
• Important!!!! The cars coming from the other directions will not have to stop.
• This sign was put here by the authorities in charge.
•This sign concerns vehicles only. Pedestrians should look at the signs dedicated to them.
•This sign should not be touched or hindered in any way. Any violation is punishable according to the law.
detailed effective
not all details are important
omit needless words
for sale: baby shoes, never wornErnest Hemingway
design is not the abundance of simplicityit is the absence of complexity
emphasizing everything IS emphasizing nothing
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remove chart junkincrease data ink
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fill it for a reason
slides are not documents
projector = screen
the story is in between
•The more text there is on a slide, the more I will tend to speak it as it is written on the slide.
•But, you can read a text much faster than I can speak it.
•In such situations, my speech becomes noise as you rather prefer to just go ahead and read it by yourself.
•That is the reason why slides should not have text that competes with my speech, but rather be as visual as possible to complement it.
•I guess you are already reading this line while I am still somewhere in the middle of the text.
notes will set you free
•The more text there is on a slide, the more I will tend to speak it as it is written on the slide.
•But, you can read a text much faster than I can speak it.
• In such situations, my speech becomes noise as you rather prefer to just go ahead and read it by yourself.
•That is the reason why slides should not have text that competes with my speech, but rather be as visual as possible to complement it.
• I guess you are already reading this line while I am still somewhere in the middle of the text.
notes will set you free
http://www.iwm-kmrc.de/workshops/visualization/sweller.pdf
http://www.smh.com.au/news/technology/powerpoint-presentations-a-disaster/2007/04/03/1175366240499.html
One assumption is that slides must also carry the message in the absence of the speaker, and hence most of the content must be on the slides. The result is lots of bullet points and lots of text.
However, lots of text competes with the spoken words because we can just read faster than we speak. And we want the audience to hear what we have to say.
Another option is to put the text in the notes and provide slides with notes for as printouts.
if you must write,
use large fonts
transition
slides are visual aids
slides are visual aids
“too many minds” The Last Samurai
audience = friend
www.presentationzen.com
www.tudorgirba.com/blog
www.slideology.com
www.ted.com
technical talks?what about
facts alone are boring
any fact has its own story
content form
content form
areyouadesigner?
assessingsoftwaresystems
forward engineering
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forward engineering
actual development}
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forward engineering
actual development}
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how do you assess
your system?
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how do you assess
your system?
= complex }
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= complex, large}
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if you read 1 line in 2 seconds,
you need 1 month for 250‘000 lines
reading code is just
not enough
= complex, large}
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measurequeryvisualize…
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measurequeryvisualize…
LOC 148‘760
NOM 14‘915
NOC 2’089
CYCLO 30‘073
CALLS 151287
FANOUT 85909
AHH 0.12
... ...
metrics summarize the system
LOC 148‘760
NOM 14‘915
NOC 2’089
CYCLO 30‘073
CALLS 151287
FANOUT 85909
AHH 0.12
... ...
metrics summarize the system
queries detect outliers
God Class:ATFD > FEW &
WMC >= VERY HIGH &
TCC < 1/3
Lanza, Ducasse 2003
pictures tell thousands of words
Ducasse etal 2006
pictures tell thousands of words
Greevy etal 2007
pictures tell thousands of words
Wettel 2008
pictures tell thousands of words
Girba etal 2005
pictures tell thousands of words
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measurequeryvisualize…
moose.unibe.ch
Tudor Gîrbawww.tudorgirba.com
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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