Complex sentences in spanish

COMPOUND SENTENCES IN SPANISHSULLY SILVA YENNY CADENA

COORDINATE SENTENCES They are joined or linked by coordinating

conjunctions. Each clause has complete sense. Syntactically clauses are independent of each

other. Los futbolistas juegan y los obreros

trabajan. The players play and employees work.

If we separate the two clauses , they continue having sense.

Los futbolistas juegan. Los obreros trabajan.

The players play. The workers work.

TYPES OF COORDINATE SENTENCES

COPULATIVA (Copulative)

DISYUNTIVA (Disjunctive)

ADVERSATIVA (Adversative)

DISTRIBUTIVA (Distributive)

EXPLICATIVAS (Explanatory)

YUXTAPUESTAS (Juxtaposed)

• Copulativa ( copulative)

Express a sum or addition. The conjunctions are usually: y, e, ni.

Ni lo sé ni me importa.Neither know nor do I care.

Carla siente amor e ilusión.

Carla feels love and enthusiasm.

• Disyuntiva (Disjunctive)

EXCLUSION: if a proposition is true, the other is false and they are joined by conjunctions: o, u, o bien.

Quiero un vestido bonito, que sea claro u oscuro.

I want a pretty light or dark dress.

• Adversativa (Adversative)

OPPOSITION : What is declared in a clause totally or partially contradicts what is said of the other. The linking words are usually: pero, sin embargo, no obstante, mas, sino (que),antes, antes bien, excepto, por lo demás, etc.

El día estaba nublado pero lo pasamos bien. The day was cloudy but we had a good time.

• Distributivas.(distributive)

These clauses indicate alternating actions. Their links are usually: bien…bien, ora…ora, ya…ya, unas veces…otras…, unos…otros, este…aquel, aquí…allí…

Mi hermano, ya llora, ya duerme. My brother, crying, sleeping.

• Explicativas(explanatory)

Some of the propositions explain the meaning of the other. Their links are usually: es decir, o sea, esto es.

Los hombres somos omnívoros, es decir comemos de todo.

Men are omnivorous, meaning we eat everything.

Yuxtapuestas (Juxtaposed)

They are those that link without a nexus. They are one after the other without having a link. They can be: Coordinates:

Ponte el jersey; tendrás menos frío.Wear a jersey; you’ll be warm.

Subordinated.Encienda la luz ;no veo nada.

Turn on the light; I don’t see anything.

SUBORDINATE SENTENCES

This type of sentence has an independent clause joined by one dependent clause; the independent clause needs the dependent clause to complete a thought.

Mi padre quiere que nos respetemos los unos a los otros

My father wants that we respect us each other

Independent Dependent

TYPES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.

SUSTANTIVAS (Noun Clauses in English)

ADJETIVA O DE RELATIVO (Adjetive Clauses in English)

ADVERBIALES ( Adverbial Clauses)

Sustantivas (Noun clauses)

A noun clause performs the same functions as a noun in another phrase. Like a noun, it can play the role of:

Subject Direct object Indirect object

Subject:

The whole clause is the subject of the sentences

Que a uno le digan que hacer, es fastidioso.

When people tell you what to do, it is annoying.

Direct object:

This clause works as the direct object of the sentence

With the subordinator ”que “

 Dijeron que llamarán. They said that they will call.

Contaron que los habían robado.They told that they had been stolen.

With the subordinator “si”

No sé si él estará en casa.I do not if he is at home.

With the subordinator “como” 

Mira como logró conseguirlo.Look at how he achieved it.

Without Subordinator

No desea estar con ninguna persona.He does not want to be with anyone.

COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO (indirect complement)

It will have some of the proper dative conjunctions: a, para, por: other expressions that indicates purpose can be used such as: a fin de, a fin de que, con el fin de, etc.

Venimos a dictar la clase.We come to teach the class.

Adjetivas o de relativo (Adjective clauses)

The adjective clauses are linked to the main sentence by a relative pronoun, which makes references to a noun or pronoun in the main clause.  

No te entregaron el mensaje que te dejé.They did not give you the message that I left you.

The relative pronoun determine or specify the substance significance of its antecedent.

 Mis amigos recibieron el mensaje.

My friends received the menssage. The significance or the noun amigo is not determined or

limited, because we want to mean that all the friends received a message, but if we say:

Mis amigos, que llegaron temprano, recibieron el mensaje.

My friends, who arrived early, received the message. 

Adjective especificative sentences.

The clause is crucial or essential to the meaning of the sentence. It doesn’t go between commas and it restricts the meaning of the noun it accompanies:

La mujer que lleva blusa roja es Mariana.The woman who wore red shirt is Mariana.

In English, these sentences are called restrictive

Adjective explicative sentences

The clause is simply explanatory, it goes between commas without restricting the meaning of the noun it accompanies:

Los asistentes, que llevaban invitados, entraron en el salón de actos.

Assistants, carrying guests, entered the hall.In English, these sentences are called non-restrictive.

Adjective clauses can be introduced by:

Relative pronouns: Que, quien, el cual, cuyo, como.

Me gusta la forma como lo dices.I like the way how you say that.

Relative adverbs: donde cuando: donde, cuando, que resulta.Lucía es una chica que resulta encantadora.

Lucía es a charming girl. Impersonal forms: infinitivo, gerundio o participio.

Lo ví llorar.I saw him cry.

Adverbiales (Adverbial Clauses)

The subordinate clause that modifies the verb in the main sentence, as an adverb would, do, are called adverbial clauses. Between the adverbial clauses are included the following categories:

De lugar Place Tiempo Time Modo Manner Efecto o resultado Efect or result Condición Condition Concesivas Concessive

De lugar (place)

These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.

La carrera inicia allá donde está Martín.

The run began over there where is Martín.

De tiempo (time)

Here we are going to use any adverb that indicates time. In spanish the most common are: cuando, cuanto, antes que, después que, mientras, mientras que, en cuanto, asi que, asi que, etc.

Eran las tres de la mañana cuando nos dijeron la noticia.

 It was three o´clock in the morning when they told us the news.

De modo (manner)

In spanish, they are formed with the adverb of manner como which is the most used, or with the preposition según, but other expressions can be used if they indicate manner.

 Ellas respondieron como el director dijo.

They answered as the director said.

De efecto o resultado (Effect or result)These clauses are used to indicate the result of

something, they are formed in Spanish by the correlative tanto, (tan)…que o tal…que.

Ella está tan nerviosa que se puede desmayar. 

She is so nervous that she can faint. 

Concesivas (concessive)In these clauses an objection idea to what was said

in the main clause is stated, but this does not prevent the main idea to be carried out. The conjunction more used to form this clauses are: aunque, así que, aun cuando, a pesar de que, si bien.

 Aunque no pudiste verlo, Juan estaba allí.

Although you could not see him, John was there. 

C

conditional

Condicionales (conditionals)They talk about the condition that needs to be carried out to execute the main idea in the main sentence. The conditional clause is linked to the main clause by the conjunction si, in the same way the following advebs can be used: as como, cuando.

 Si ganas, te darán una beca.

If you win,  they will give you a scholarship.

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