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Neela Tamhane, Ghantali Mitra Mandal, Thane
Cardio- Vascular SystemAnd Yoga
Cardio- Vascular System
Greek Word
Cardia
Greek Word
Vascular Latin Word
Vasculam Vessels
Circulatory system: Oxygenated Blood pumped by heart is carried to all the body cells.
De oxygenated blood is brought back to heart through blood vessels.
CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM- (CVS)
TYPES OF CIRCULATION
• Pulmonary Circulation- Impure blood from right atrium to lungs and pure blood from lungs to left atrium.
Systemic Circulation- From left ventricle to body and return to right atrium.
Portal Circulation, Placental, Neonatal circulation in pregnancy, Lymphatic, Muscle, Skin, Cerebral, Liver circulation.
To pump blood continuously .
Supply O2 from lunges to tissues through RBCs in blood.
Remove Co2 from tissues through lungs. Supply nutrients from digestive system
Functions of CVS
Regulate body temperature.
Change blood flow as per need of exercise or the state.
Distributing hormones to different parts of body.
Remove waste products through kidney.
Function of CVS (Continued)
Heart --- The pump.
Blood vessels --- Network as pipe lines.
Blood --- Fluid that fills the circulatory system
CV’S Consist of :
Heart
Made up of special type of involuntary muscles , help smooth contraction .
Size of fist, depends upon age, body frame, condition of health. Weight 300gm (approx)
A powerful, untiring, compact, adjustable pump.
Good blood supply for its constant activities through the network of coronary arteries.
Situated in the thoracic cavity in the space between two lunges.
Autonomic Nervous System
SA Node, AV Node
Special Features of Heart
SA Node- Pacemaker – Electrical activity. Generate rhythmic impulses. Regular heart beats Av node – bundle of His - conduction tissue. Spread impulses with sequence. Rhythmic contraction and relaxations due to
conduction - ECG Contractibility, conductivity, rhythm are
special properties of heart.
Four chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium Right VentricleFour Chambers of the Heart
Left Atrium Left Ventricle
Four Chambers of the Heart
Septum
Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve
Four Valves
Pulmonary Valve Aortic Valve
Right--- Impure blood.(Deoxygenated)
Left--- Pure blood. (Oxygenated)
Chambers have valves
Septum
Upper chambers
Lower chambers
Heart – Cardiac Cycle
Right Atrium receives deoxygenated blood- vena cavaOxygenated blood returns to left Atrium - pulmonary veins.Both the atrials are contracted, blood enters in right and left ventricles.
valves allow blood to flow in one direction.
Closure of atrio ventricular valve produce sound ‘Lubb’
Both the ventricles contract simultaneously Deoxygenated blood is pumped to Pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood in Aorta.
Closure of Aortic and Pulmonary Valve produce sound ‘Dubb’
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aorta
Body
Heart – Cardiac Cycle
Branches of Aorta
Sensitive to blood pressure
Sensitive to chemical changes
On aortic arch
Arteries, Vains
Arteries:
Carry oxygenated blood away from heart -Exception Pulmonary Artery
Large Thick-walled Elastic Carried under great pressure
Capillaries
Smallest vessel Microscopic Thin walls Nutrients and gases.
Veins
Carries blood that contains waste and CO2.
Exception pulmonary vein. Blood not under much pressure. Tendency to stagnate.
Veins
No pump for return of deoxygenated blood.
Valves to prevent much gravity pull.
Tadasana stretch, vajrasana pressure, rest in viparit karani mudra.
The Blood
C.
Body consist of 4- 6 liters of blood.
Blood Consist of: • Water+ Plasma• Red Blood cells• White Blood cells
and Platelets
Blood Cells
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Contain Hemoglobin. Exchange of Oxygen &
carbon Dioxide. RBC are produced in red bone marrow of ribs, femur, sternum Life of RBC is 120 days. Destruction in Liver &
spleen.
Leukocytes (WBC)
Defense mechanism of body.
WBC fight infection.
Attack foreign substances.
Large cells
Platelets Help in clotting blood. Clotting in artery is harmful. Produced in bone marrow.
Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers).
Form a web, trapping blood cells.
Blood Clotting
Break in Capillary Wall
Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Clot FormsThrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood.
Blood Types
Important in blood donation Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four Types
• A• B• AB• O
• Inherited from your parents
Blood Pressure
It is pressure exerted on walls of artery by blood. It is 120/80 mmHg normally.
Pressure during contraction of ventricle is systolic. (120 mm Hg) Pressure during relaxation of ventricle is diastolic. (80 mm Hg)
Heart beats 70times/minute refers to heart rate. Heart pumps 70ml blood at the time of each contraction(each beat). Thus cardiac output is 70beats/min* 70ml =5 lit/min (approx). 7200 lit to 7500 lit per day. Vasomotor Center regulates heart rate. Emotions affect heart rate.
Blood Pressure
Pulse
Indicates number of times the heart beats.
Pulse rate is 70-80/min
Felt at thumb side at wrist.
Force of heart contraction, Volume of blood Viscosity of blood increases.
Lost of elasticity of walls of blood vessels, peripheral resistance increase. Age, sex, time of day, posture, exercise,
emotions, lack of oxygen.
Blood pressure increases due to
Stress
Stress in social field, work place, in relationship, lack of exercise.
Effects of Stress Brain
Pituitary Gland
Adrenal GlandAdrenaline Cortisone
Increased B.P. Increased Blood Sugar
High B.P. ---Weak artery --- chances to rapture.
Increase cholesterol --– plaque formation --- coronary artery disease.
Hormone adrenalin --- increase clotting --- coronary thrombosis
Effects of stress
I.H.D - Reduction in blood supply to heart muscle.
Myocardial Infarction – Death due to heart attack.
Paralysis – Clot in artery going to brain. Congestive Cardiac Failure- reduction in
pumping force of heart
Other Diseases
In search of balance in stressful condition?
Yoga sadhana
Stimulation of sympathetic system. constriction of arteries.
Yoga sadhana activates parasympathetic.Resulting in reduction of heart rate,Vessels dilate-increase blood supply.
Shudhdhikriya- dose not play much role. Only trataka, Mrudu, shwasan marg shuddhi.
Addition of salt in water – retention of fluid. Increase in blood volume.
Asanas – Shalabhasa, Ardha machchhendrasana Dhanurasana etc.
Dehsadhana
All asanas give stretch to Muscles. Give flexibility to various joints. Asanas don’t increase B.P. and heart Rate. Relaxation of muscles occurs if asan is Sthir Sukham.
Yogic Practices stimulate endocrine glands. Bramha Mudra- effect on carotid body. Yoga mudra- relieves tension, anger.
Viparit karni mudra- rest to valves in legs.
Pranadharana done in the end stage of asana give thought less Moments.
Shavasana: Can be done by anybody.
Relaxation of muscles with Awareness.Muscles of arteries also relax.Decrease in B.P, Heart rate.
No thoughts in mind. Sankalp. Positive thoughts.
Depression of Illness reduced.
Vibhagiya Shwasan, Yogic Shwasan. Abd. Breathing simulates parasympathetic. Chandrabhyas, Anulom-vilom Bhramari, Ujjai –exert pressure on carotid sinuses- reduce thought process-meditation
Pranasadhana
Bhavsadhana – Dhyayato vishanpunsa- Attachment- desire- anger- sammoha- loss of memory-budhhinash- pranashyanti. Bhaktiyoga, Mantrayoga
Divyasadhana- Pratyahar, dharana, dhyana
Diet – prescribed in Bhagavat Gita, H.P. Gherand Samhita.
C
Yoga sadhana
Yoga is Indian Psychology. Creates Balance-Equilibrium in Body and Mind. Emotions-Thoughts-Action at same level. Produces peace, Calmness in mind. Helps to reduce Blood Pressure. Whole thinking pattern changes.Yogic Practices do not require vigorous energy
Our ancient science is still applicable in the modern days. Aahat nada – sound with stroke. Anahat Nada – unstruk sound Lub – Dub Sound being made by our heart is Anahat nada.Our ancient literature discussed about Atman, consciousness. Kathopanishada says Madhya Atmani Tishthati- resides within our body. It is self illuminated. SA node generate electrical impulses on its own . Both Upanishad and science appreciated significance of heart, rather atman is beyond that.
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