Sehat.perkeso - Travelling to and from w ork: R isk …...Bilangan kemalangan dilaporkan Bilangan...

Travelling to and from work:

Risk of fatigue and sleepiness

Ir. Mohd Rasid bin Osman

Director

Vehicle Safety and Biomechanics Research Centre

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF ROAD SAFETY RESEARCH

INSTITUT PENYELIDIKAN KESELAMATAN JALAN RAYA

MALAYSIA

Vision

World Leader in Road

Safety Research

Mission

Develop Science and Art of Road

Safety Interventions

Objectives

Relevant Research, New Knowledge &

Technology, Cost-Effective Interventions,

Management of Knowledge

Road Safety Status in Malaysia

In Malaysia,

About 477, 204 cases with 6, 915 deaths due to road crashes in 2013.

19 deaths occur everyday.

(Malaysia Road Safety Plan 2014 – 2020)

Statistic: Commuting Accidents

54,133 55,186 57,639 59,897 61,552 63,557

35,092 34,376 35,603 35,088 35,296 35,898

19,041 20,810 22,036 24,809 26,256 27,659

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Bilangan kemalangan dilaporkan

Bilangan kemalangan perusahaan dilaporkan

Bilangan kemalangan semasa perjalanan dilaporkan

Sumber : Laporan Tahunan PERKESO, 2013

1.71%

5.34%

Distribution by type of commuting

53.8

30.9

5.6

9.7

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

% o

f cr

ash

Travelling to work

Travelling from work

During lunch/rest hour

During working hour

Commuting accident cases, 2009-2010

Percentage of crash by time

8

9 3 5

91

56

20

30 29

42

53

18 16

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Time of crash

Crash Risk Factor

RISK FACTOR: CRASH OCCURANCE

VEHICLE

HUMAN

ENVIRONMENT

CRASH RISK

FACTOR

Excessive speed

DUI

Fatigue

Young male

Vulnerable road

user in urban and

residential areas

Travelling in

darkness

Poor eyesight

Braking, handling

and maintenance

Defects in road

design, layout and

maintenance

Inadequate

visibility because

of environmental

factors

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention (2004)

Crash investigation statistic

• Based on cases investigated by MIROS Crash-team for year 2007-2010,

• Data revealed that risky driving and fatigue among the highest causes of crash.

• Fatigue accounts for 7.7% of crashes involving passenger cars, 9.9% lorry and 7.9% bus.

What is Fatigue?

• A state of reduced physical or mental alertness which impairs performance of a range of cognitive and psychomotor tasks including riding (Moore-Ede et al, 1998; Haworth &Heffernan 1989).

Work-related factor

• Roster pattern

• Rotating/night shift

• Length & timing of shift

• Mentally/physically demanding work

• Recovery time between shift

• Meal & rest break

• Environmental condition

• Work demand placed on person

Other factor

• Inadequate/poor sleep

• Social life

• Family responsibilities

• Health

• Lifestyle (Diet, exercise)

• Part time job

• Travel time

Driving Performance Impairment

Fatigue decrease the physiological & psychological performance which includes slower the sensorimotor functions and impaired the information processing. (Babkoff et al, 1988; Dinges and Graeber, 1989; Monk and Folkard, 1985)

Hence, it can impair the driving ability to response effectively to unusual, unexpected or emergency situation (Babkoff et al, 1988; Dinges and Graeber, 1989; Monk and Folkard, 1985).

Fatigue increases and accumulated by time spent driving (Harris and Mackie, 1972).

Highlights on MIROS’ study

findings

Fatigue & Sleep Studies

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS)

Fatigue among Commercial Bus Drivers in Malaysia :

Role of Driving Hours and Single versus Two-Driver

Approach

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STUDY 1 : 2008

Objectives of the study

To establish the proportion of drivers experiencing fatigue based on the driving and working hours

To determine the optimum driving and working hours for commercial bus drivers with regard to fatigue status

To compare the proportion of drivers who experience fatigue with type of drivers

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Study sample

• Cross-sectional study

• Samples were among express bus drivers plying short and long routes of Peninsular Malaysia

• Bus operators were selected based on one-man operation and two driver system.

Results

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After 8 hours driving, more than a quarter of drivers experienced fatigue. It

increase to 84% after 11 hours.

After 8 hrs working, 18% of the drivers fatigue. It increase to 50% and 68%

after 11 and 12 hrs of working respectively.

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Conclusion

• There is a need for establishing a good driver management

• Drivers should have a rest after 4 hours of continuous driving

• The ideal driving and working hours would be 6 and 8 hrs,but ;

• After consider practical aspect, 8 hrs driving and 10 hrs working still acceptable.

• Drivers need to be trained on the importance of fatigue-related crashes and how to manage fatigue.

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STUDY 2: 2012

Driver Fatigue and Factors Associated among Commercial

Truck Drivers in Klang Valley

• Fatigue assessment based on CISQ questionnaire revealed that about 17.7% of drivers were fatigue; scores >76

• The fatigue status indicated that the drivers were fatigue; either having acute fatigue or prolonged fatigue.

• The level of fatigue indicated by the CISQ Q is reflecting the condition in two weeks before.

Results

STUDY 3: 2012

Sleep Quality Status among Commercial Truck Drivers in

Klang Valley

Results

34.67%

65.33

34.7% of truck drivers having poor

sleep quality

STUDY 4: 2014

Sleep Quality Status among Private Vehicle Drivers

Study location and samples

• Study was conducted at 4 rest areas along major expressway in Malaysia

• Total respondents = 1379 samples

Results

• 48.9% of drivers having poor sleep quality

• 58.8% of them were male, 66.4% were married

Initiatives to manage fatigue issues

• SHE COP

• ICOP

• Safety Star Grading Program

• SIRIM Standard : Good Practices in Implementing Commuting Safety Management

Recommended practice to prevent

sleepiness and fatigue

• Get enough rest at night, avoid part time job or unnecessary night life

• Go to bed earlier, recommended sleep at night= 7-8 hours.

• Avoid medicinal intake before go to work which may contribute to sleepiness

• Avoid heavy meals before driving/riding

• After finish work, take 5-10 min rest before started your journey

• Refresh yourself by doing light exercise, wash face and drink coffee or tea before travel back

• Healthy eating and diet

• Reduce/stop smoking

• Reduce/stop drink alcohol

Thank you rasid@miros.gov.my

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