Respiratory System and Smoking

RespiratorySystem

and Smoking

Mr. McCarthy

Rogich MS

This Presentation Will Cover:1) Respiratory System

Definitions

2) Label Respiratory System

3) Breathtaking Facts

4) Respiratory System Diseases

5) Types of Tobacco Products

6) Smokin’ Hot Facts

7) Parts of Cigarette Smoke

8) Smoking-Related Problems

9) Warning Labels

10) Quitting Smoking

Question =Is this slide labeled correctly?

When someone is facing you,their left is on your right

PART 1: Definitions

DEFINITIONS:

• RESPIRATION: The process by which your body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

DEFINITIONS:

• CELLULAR RESPIRATION: The process by which every cell of your body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

DEFINITIONS:

• LUNGS: Two breathing organs in the chest which transport oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide

Real lungs look like this:

Think smoking is good for your lungs?

DEFINITIONS:

• PLEURA: Slimy thin

covering that protects and cushions the lungs and makes it easier to breathe

The pleura actually has two layers

DEFINITIONS:

• DIAPHRAGM:Dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen

Diaphragm pulls, down, you inhale.Diaphragm relaxes, you exhale.

The diaphragm and lungs can be modeled by a balloon in a sealed jar

DEFINITIONS:

• NASAL CAVITY:Space behind the nose which warms and moistens the air you inhale

DEFINITIONS:

• SINUSES:Air-filled pockets located within the bones of the face and around the nasal cavity

Sometimes, the sinuses and nasal cavity are

affected by allergies and

infections

DEFINITIONS:

• PHARYNX:The proper name for your throat

The Pharynx (or throat) has several different sections

DEFINITIONS:

• LARYNX:Upper part of the respiratory system which contains the vocal cords

The Larynx is sometimes called the “Voice Box” or Adam’s Apple

The size and shape of your larynx and vocal cords create

your unique voice

Vocal Cords inside the Larynx actually look like this:

DEFINITIONS:TWO BIG TUBES IN YOUR NECK:

• TRACHEA: Front tube which leads to the lungs

• ESOPHAGUS: Back tube which leads to the stomach

FRONT: Trachea to lungsBACK: Esophagus to stomach

The trachea is also called the windpipe

The trachea is kept open by special rings of

cartilage!

DEFINITIONS:

• EPIGLOTTIS: Structure which prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow

See how the epiglottis works?(purple stuff is food)

DEFINITIONS:

• BRONCHI: Branches of

the trachea through which air enters the lungs

DEFINITIONS:

• MUCOUS: A thick, slippery

substance made inside your lungs to collect dirt, dust, and bacteria

DEFINITIONS:

• CILIA: Microscopic, tiny

hair-like projections which line the bronchi and sweep dust, dirt, bacteria and mucous out of the lungs

Dust and dirt stick to the mucous, then the cilia sweep the

junk out of your lungs

Guess what cigarette smoking does to the cilia?

Smoking damages the cilia, making infections like bronchitis more common

DEFINITIONS:

• BRONCHIOLES: Smaller and

smaller branches of the bronchi

DEFINITIONS:

• ALVEOLI:Billions of tiny microscopic air sacs in the lungs

ALVEOLI: This is where oxygen enters the red blood

cells and carbon dioxide

leaves the blood

Cool pictures

OXYGEN PATH: Nasal Cavity to Pharynx to Larynx To Trachea To Bronchi To Bronchiole To Alveoli To Blood Cells!

You have billions of tiny alveoli that transport O2 and CO2

Without Looking

At Your Notes….

How many parts of the Respiratory

System can you name?

PART 2: Label Respiratory System

Respiratory System Label

1.

11.

7.

6.

4.

2. 3.

5.

8.

9.

10.

Nose andNasal Cavity

Mouth Pharynx or Throat

Trachea or Windpipe

Diaphragm

Right branch of Bronchi

Left branch of Bronchi

Lung

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Larynx or Voice Box

Can you list a few things we did not label?

• Sinuses: Air-filled pockets located within the bones of the face

• Epiglottis: Prevents food from going down wrong pipe

• Pleura: Slimy membrane or coating

• Esophagus: Tube to stomach

• Cilia: Hair-like projections which line the bronchi

PART 3: Ten Breathtaking Facts

Breathtaking Fact #1

• You breathe about 5,000 to 10,000 times per DAY.

• That’s about 9 to 20 times every MINUTE.

Breathtaking Fact #2

SNEEZING the body's way of removing an irritant from the sensitive mucous membranes of the nose.

Breathtaking Fact #3

You have over 600 million ALVEOLI in your lungs. If stretched out, their surface area would cover a whole tennis court!

Breathtaking Fact #4

HICCUPS are sudden movements of the diaphragm. They are involuntary. There are many causes of hiccups: • The diaphragm may get irritated• You may have eaten too fast• Some substance in the blood

could even have brought on the hiccups.

By The Way:The strange noise we make when we hiccup is partly caused by the pushed air hitting the epiglottis and vocal cords, which do not expect the hiccup!

Breathtaking Fact #5

Breathing in HELIUM makes your voice change! Helium is much lighter than air. Because of this, the speed (and wavelength) of sound is much higher in helium.

Breathtaking Fact #6

We YAWN because of a shortage of oxygen in our bodies. The brain senses this shortage of oxygen and sends a message that causes you to take a deep, long, yawning breath.

Breathtaking Fact #7

• You inhale and exhale about 6 liters of air each MINUTE. (Around three 2 liter soda bottles each minute.)

• That’s over 8,000 liters of air each DAY! (Around 4000 two liter soda bottles daily.)

Breathtaking Fact #8

Your LEFT lung is a bit smaller than your RIGHT lung. This leaves room for your heart!

Breathtaking Fact #9

Your breathing is controlled by your BRAIN. The brain stem monitors CO2 in your blood and regulates breathing accordingly.

Breathtaking Fact #10

Every time we exhale, we breathe out WATER VAPOR. We exhale about half a liter of water vapor in a whole day

PART 4: Respiratory System Diseases

Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases are the 3rd Leading Cause of Death in the US

LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH:

1) Heart Disease approx 600,000 deaths2) Cancer 575,0003) Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (Lungs) 138,0004) Stroke 130,0005) Accidents 118,0006) Alzheimer's Disease 83,0007) Diabetes 69,0008) Kidney Disease 51,0009) Influenza and Pneumonia 50,00010) Suicide 38,000

Let’s Learn About:1. Colds and Flus2. Bronchitis3. Allergies4. Asthma5. Pneumonia 6. Emphysema

7. Tuberculosis8. Pleurisy9. Lung Cancer

1. Colds and Flus:

• Caused by viruses

• Often involve:– Coughing– Runny Nose– Sneezing– Aches– Fever

2. Bronchitis

• Swelling of the bronchi.

• Less room for the air to get into the lungs

• Painful, coughing, tough to breathe

3. Allergies

• Immune system responses to pollen, molds, animals, foods, and insects

4. Asthma

• Bronchi become blocked and narrowed

• Often treated with an inhaler

5. Pneumonia:• Deep, dangerous

lung infection

• Can spread all over the body and lead to death

• Lungs often fill with fluid and white blood cells

6. Emphysema

• Alveoli are damaged and destroyed

• Alveoli never grow back

• Usually caused by smoking

7. Tuberculosis

• Bacterial lung infection

• Very contagious

• Skin test to see if you have been exposed

8. Pleurisy

• Pleura become rough, sticky, due to infection or injury

• Painful to breathe

9. Lung Cancer:

• Uncontrolled growth of abnormal, irregular cells

• Almost always caused by smoking

We’re done with the Respiratory System!

Now let’s learn

about tobacco

and smoking

PART 5: Types of Tobacco Products

Let’s look at the different kinds of tobacco products

Tobacco Plant:• Tobacco is a

broad-leafed plant

• It grows best in warm, moist climates

Tobacco Plant:The leaves are dried, aged for 2-3 years, and treated with various chemicals

Tobacco Plant:

The tobacco is then formed into a variety of products, such as …

1. CIGARETTES:

• The most common tobacco product in the US

• Cigarettes kill nearly 500,000 people each year in the US

Cigarettes contain a variety of poisons and carcinogens

2. SMOKELESS TOBACCO:

• Meant to be chewed, dipped, or sniffed, rather than smoked

2. SMOKELESS TOBACCO:

• Major risk of cancer of the mouth, tongue, and throat

Smokeless Tobacco Warning Labels:

• WARNING: This product can cause mouth cancer.

• WARNING: This product can cause gum disease and tooth loss.

• WARNING: This product is not a safe alternative to cigarettes.

• WARNING: Smokeless tobacco is addictive.

3. PIPES:

• Special tobacco made just for smoking through pipes

• High risk of cancer of the mouth, tongue, and throat

• Often do not inhale

4. CIGARS:

Tightly-rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco that is burned so that its smoke may be drawn into the mouth

4. CIGARS:

4-10 times the rate of lung, mouth, tongue, and throat cancer than non-smokers

Very strong, unfiltered smoke

4. CIGARS:

One large cigar can contain as much tobacco as a whole pack of cigarettes

5. SPECIALTY CIGARETTES:

• Bidis are flavored, unfiltered cigarettes from India

• Clove cigarettes contain tobacco and ground cloves

5. SPECIALTY CIGARETTES:

• Some contain seven times as much nicotine and twice as much tar as regular cigarettes

• Often unfiltered and very dangerous

REMEMBER:• All tobacco

products have nicotine

• All are addictive

• All cause health problems

PART 6: Ten Smokin’ Hot Facts

Smok

in’ H

ot F

act #

1Cigarette companies spend more than $15 billion each year to promote their products (That’s about $34 million a day!)

Smokin’ H

ot Fact # 2

Each DAY in the US, approximately 4,000 adolescents aged 12-17 try their first cigarette.

Smok

in’ H

ot F

act #

3• 60% of people who smoke

started before age 14.

• 90% of people who smoke started before age 19.

Smokin’ H

ot Fact # 4PREGNANT WOMEN who smoke cigarettes run an increased risk of miscarriage, stillborn or premature infants, or infants with low birth weight.

Smok

in’ H

ot F

act #

5• The states with the highest smoking

rates are West Virginia, Kentucky and Oklahoma (over 25% of adults smoke)

• The states with the lowest smoking rates are Utah, California, and Hawaii (10%, 13%, 16% of adults)

• In Nevada, about 22% of adults smoke (22% is the national average)

Smokin’ H

ot Fact # 6

Over 3,000 non-smokers die each year in the US from long-term exposure to secondhand smoke

Smok

in’ H

ot F

act #

7If a non-smoker spends one hour in a smoke-filled room, he or she absorbs about the same amount of tar and nicotine found in one cigarette

Smokin’ H

ot Fact # 8Cigarette smoking accounts for about 1 of every 5 deaths in the US

Leading Causes of Death in the US:

1. Heart Disease2. Cancer3. Chronic Lung Diseases4. Stroke

Smok

in’ H

ot F

act #

9

• Tobacco advertising and promotion campaigns often have special appeal to young people.

• 83% of teen smokers aged 12-17 choose the three most heavily advertised brands

Smokin’ H

ot Fact # 10Cigarettes kill more people each year in the US than War, AIDS, Car Accidents, Suicide, Drowning, Heroin, Crack, Fire, and Murder… Combined.

PART 7: Parts of Cigarette Smoke

THE BIG THREE:

• Tar

• Nicotine

• Carbon Monoxide

Cigarette smoke has over

4,000 chemicals

• Many of these chemicals are “carcinogens”

• CARCINOGENS are things that cause cancer

Have a puff of this …

The three most important parts of tobacco smoke are:

• Tar

• Nicotine

• Carbon Monoxide

TOBACCO TAR:

Tar is the tiny, suspended, burnt-up particles in cigarette smoke

TOBACCO TAR:

Constant damage and irritation from the tobacco tar over time is the cause of LUNG CANCER.

TOBACCO TAR:

• Tar also causes EMPHYSEMA.

• This is when your alveoli are destroyed and never grow back

TOBACCO TAR:

• This is a jar of tar from about a year’s worth cigarettes.

• Think this is good for your lungs?

NICOTINE:

• Nicotine is the addictive part of tobacco smoke.

• Nicotine makes it hard for users to quit smoking.

NICOTINE:

• Nicotine affects your brain chemistry.

• You keep wanting more and more.

NICOTINE:

Nicotine is a stimulant drug!–Speeds up the heart–Constricts blood

vessels–Raises blood pressure

NICOTINE:

• Nicotine increases your risk of Heart Attack, Stroke, and High Blood Pressure.

CARBON

MONOXIDE:

This poisonous gas is found in fire smoke, car exhaust, factory exhaust

CARBONMONOXIDE:

Lowers the amount of OXYGEN in the blood

CARBONMONOXIDE:

• Every cell and organ of your body gets less oxygen!

• What does that lead to?

CARBONMONOXIDE:

• Heart Attacks

• Strokes

• Wrinkles the skin

• Pregnancy complications

Combine Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide:

• Every cell of your body gets less blood.

• The blood that gets there has less oxygen.

• Sound good?

PART 8: Smoking-Related Health Problems

HOW DOES SMOKING AFFECT YOU?

Smoking causes problems on all three sides of your Health Triangle!

Phy

sica

l

Social

Mental & Emotional

Physical Problems:

Phys

ical

Social

Mental & Em

otional

• Physically addicted to nicotine• More prone to illnesses and infections• More missed days of work or school• Harder to exercise and stay fit• Coughing, shortness of breath• Heart Disease & Cancer• Strokes & Bronchitis• Emphysema• High blood pressure• Premature wrinkles• Yellow teeth, Bad breath

Mental &Emotional Problems:

Phys

ical

SocialM

ental & Emotional

• Mentally and emotionally addicted to nicotine

• Upset you can’t quit• Feel foolish to spend so much

money on your addiction• Feel foolish wasting so much

time smoking• Regret you even started in

the first place• Anxiety and stress when

trying to quit

Social Problems:

Phys

ical

Social

Mental & Em

otional

• Yellow teeth and bad breath• Smell on clothing and in your

home• Friends and family may be

upset• Less money to spend on fun

with family and friends• In separate ‘Smoking Section”

with other smokers• Might not be able to keep up

with friends in sports

As you can see, cigarette smoking will seriously affect overall health!

PART 9: Warning Labels

Beginning in September 2012, FDA will require larger, more prominent cigarette health warnings on all cigarette packaging and advertisements in the United States.

That’s Keith

Richards• More scary

than a set of cancer-infested lungs?

• Possibly

These warnings mark the first change in cigarette warnings in more than 25

years and are a significant advancement in communicating the

dangers of smoking.

Let’s Look At Each Warning Label:

(1) Cigarettes are addictive

• How addictive are they?

• “I can quit any time I want!”

• What’s that hole in the neck all about?

(2) Tobacco can harm your

children

• How can it harm children?

• Is this label effective? Why?

(3) Cigarettes cause fatal lung disease

• What diseases are we talking about?

• Is this label effective?

• Gross lungs, huh?

(4) Cigarettes cause cancer

• Why show the picture of the mouth?

• What is the second leading cause of death in the US?

(5) Cigarettes cause strokes and

heart disease• What’s the

leading cause of death in the US?

• What’s the fourth leading cause of death in the US?

(6) Smoking during pregnancy can

harm your baby

• How? In what ways?

• What is that baby enclosed inside? Why?

(7) Smoking can kill you

• Why is this label effective?

• What’s with the stitches on the guy’s chest?

• How many ways can smoking kill you?

(8) Tobacco smoke causes

fatal lung disease to nonsmokers

• How?

• Why is the lady on the pack crying?

• Is this label effective? Why?

(9) Quitting smoking now

greatly reduces serious risks to

your health

Why might this be the most effective label of them all?

A Few Questions:1. Which label was the

most effective, in your opinion? Why?

2. Why do you think the government has such a variety of labels companies must put on their products?

A Few Questions:

3. Will people actually look at these new labels? Why or why not?

4. Can you think of a label you would put on cigarettes packs? What would it say? What would the picture be?

Warning Label:

• What would you put?

• What would the picture be?

PART 10: Quitting Smoking

QUITTING SMOKINGIS DIFFICULT

• But there are over 40 million ex-smokers in the US!

• Let’s look at several ways to quit smoking

1. COLD TURKEY:

• “Cold Turkey” means you just quit all of a sudden.

• No cutting down slowly, no patches, no medicines. You suddenly quit.

1. COLD TURKEY:

• “Cold Turkey” is the cheapest, fastest way to quit.

• It also has the worst withdrawal symptoms

2. NICOTINE PATCHES:Nicotine patches allow nicotine to be absorbed through the skin to help addicts with withdrawal symptoms

2. NICOTINE PATCHES:

• Nicotine patches are made by several companies

• The user 'steps down' to lower dose patches until the final step down to no patch

3. NICOTINE GUM:

• Nicotine is actually in the gum

• It is absorbed right through your cheeks and gums into your blood

3. NICOTINE GUM:

• Nicotine gum helps users not to smoke by giving small amounts of nicotine.

• Helps users when they have strong cravings

4. SLOWY CUTTING DOWN:

The user smokes fewer cigarettes each day until he or she reaches just two or three per day

4. SLOWY CUTTING DOWN:

This lowers a user’s level of addiction and the withdrawal symptoms are not as bad when the user finally quits

5. ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES:

An electrical device that attempts to simulate the act of tobacco smoking by producing an inhaled mist which feels and tastes like a cigarette

5. ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES:

Most E-Cigarettes consist of (A) LED Light, (B) Battery, (C) Atomizer, and (D) Liquid Cartridge.

5. ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES:

• The long-term health risks of these devices are not known.

• They do not have nicotine, and may help people quit

6. SUPPORT GROUPS:

• Quitting by yourself is hard

• Quitting with others as a group can be helpful

6. SUPPORT GROUPS:

• Groups can be small – you and a friend or two

• Groups can be big and part of an organization or hospital

7. HYPNOSIS:

• Many people have quit smoking through hypnosis therapy

• Done by licensed professionals

7. HYPNOSIS:

While hypnotized, people are given suggestions which decrease their need or desire or enjoyment of smoking

8. MEDITATION and RELAXATION

• These techniques can help people with the stress and anxiety of quitting.

• May help with withdrawal symptoms

8. MEDITATION and RELAXATION

• Yoga classes, stretching, music, deep breathing, and visualization tapes are often used

9. REWARDS:

Using the money you save from not smoking to reward yourself

9. REWARDS:

If you had an extra $100 each month or $1,500 each year by not smoking, what would you do to reward yourself?

TAKE CARE OF YOUR LUNGS BY NOT SMOKING!