Smoking

D. Crowley, 2007

Smoking To know how a healthy respiratory system works, and how

smoking effects it

Wednesday, May 3, 2023

Respiratory System What does the respiratory system do? What parts does it

consist of?

The respiratory system contains the organs that allow us to get the oxygen we need and to remove the waste carbon dioxide

It consists of: -– Lungs– Tubes leading from the lungs to the mouth and nose– Various structures in the chest that allow air to move

in and out of the lungs

Respiratory System Movements of the ribs, rib muscles and diaphragm allow air

into and out of the lungs: this is called breathing or ventilation

When we breathe in, we inhale When we breathe out, we exhale

Air passes between the lungs and the outside of the body through the trachea

The trachea divides into two bronchi, with one bronchus for each lung

Each bronchus divides further in the lungs into smaller tubes called bronchioles

At the end of each bronchiole, there is a group of tiny air sacs called alveoli

Breathing / Ventilation

Breathing in (inhale) - ribs move up and out, diaphragm contracts (pulled down)Breathing out (exhale) - ribs move down and in, diaphragm relaxes (moves upward)

Breathing Complete the breathing

worksheet - stick this in your book (plus all other work)

Breathing

Gas Exchange For respiration to occur, we need to get oxygen from the air to

the blood, and remove waste carbon dioxide from the blood

Alveoli in the lungs are adapted to make gas exchange happen easily and efficiently: they cause the lungs to have a very large surface area; are moist with thin walls; and have many capillaries

The gases move via diffusion (net [high] to [low])

Smoking What are the problems of smoking?

Smoking is very harmful to health, causing ~80% of deaths from lung cancer, bronchitis and emphysema, and ~20% of deaths from heart disease in the UK

Tobacco smoke contains many harmful substances, including: tar; nicotine; and carbon monoxide

Second hand smoke is just as dangerous! You’ll get all the health problems are smoker will…

Smoking Practical

Smoking Problems Carbon monoxide – a poisonous gas that reduces the amount

of oxygen that red blood cells carry around the body

Tar – a brown, sticky substance that consists of tiny particles and is formed when tobacco smoke condenses. Deposited in the lungs, it coats the surface of the alveoli

Nicotine – an addictive drug that affects the central nervous system, increasing the heart rate and narrowing the blood vessels, causing high blood pressure

Normal lung (left) verses smokers lung (right)

Cilia There are also specialised cells in the lining of the breathing

tubes which produce a sticky mucus to trap dirt and microbes

Specialised cells called cilia help to move this mucus out of the lungs

Smoking can damage these delicate cells (hot smoke and tar) and they are less effective

This is why smokers cough a lot, trying to move this mucus

Cilia

Task Your task is to give your opinion about the smoking ban - is it a

good or bad thing?

Either way, you need to include the affects smoke has on the respiratory system, and the associated health problems this can lead to…