Recycling of Agro-Industrial Wastewaters using Integrated...

Recycling of Agro-Industrial Wastewaters using Integrated System: Coago-flocculation, Aerated Cells & Halophyte-Zeolite Wetland

M. Iggy Litaor, Ezra Orlofsky & Simon Chernoivanov

MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute

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Less freshwater= Obligatory Direct Reuse of Wastewater

Gravity

Recovery and

Climate

Experiment

(GRACE)

Groundwater Depletion in 2012 Mediterranean Drought

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Agro-Industrial Wastewaters: Dairy WW as a Case Study

Parameter Average mg L-1 (Range)

COD 4,600 (1,000->10,000)

TSS 2,000 (500-5,000)

Chloride 350 (200-1,000)

Sodium 290 (150-1,000)

Nitrogen 450 (300-900)

Phosphorous 90 (80-150)

Reverse Osmosis – Costly Alternative

High energy consumption 4 KWh m3 water

The high organic content in dairy wastewater will cause rapid biofouling

The reject water will need disposal

Nature Based Onsite Remediation ofDairy Wastewaters

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The Challenge: A Nature-Based Electricity Free Desalinization System

• New regulation in Israel requires dairy farmers to pretreat their sewage prior to release to the municipal sewage line

Parameter Typical Value in Dairy Sewage mg L-1

Regulation for release to sewage

mg L-1

For irrigation

COD 3,000-12,000 800 100

TSS 1,500-4,000 400 10

Total-N 200-600 50 25

Total-P 60-150 15 5

Na 200-1000 150 150

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MORE INFORMATION

Schematic Diagram of our Innovation

Pool for alum enrichment with P

Zohar, I. J. Ippolito, M. S. Massey, M.I. Litaor. 2017. Innovative

approach for Recycling Phosphorous from Agro-Wastewaters

Using Water Treatment Residuals (WTR). Chemoshpere, 168: 234-243.

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Step 1: TSS & COD Removal by Nanocomposites

Sepiolite + poly-DADMAC at time = 0 after 45 s after 90 s

Rytwo, G. (2012). The Use of Clay-Polymer

Nanocomposites in Wastewater Pretreatment.

Scientific World Journal 2012.

Dairy WW

Winery WW

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Step 2: COD Reduction in Bioreactor Aerated Cells

5 d retention time, 89% reduction in CODt (needs only 2 d)

Litaor, M. I. et al. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management 4, 17–26 (2015).

COD Outlet, 350

COD Inlet, 3320

0,00 1000,00 2000,00 3000,00 4000,00

COD Outlet

COD Inlet

CODt Removal

TRL = 4

Concentrations of Elements after Bioreactor aerated cells

Raw

mg L-1

After Aerated Cells

mg L-1

TSS 900 38

CODt 6781 350

P 101.2 1.22

TN 512 104

SAR 3.08-5.40 7.62-8.09 (increase of

Na, loss of K)

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COD Reduction in Bioreactor Aerated Cells – TRL =8/9

Step 3: Desalination with Halophyte Wetlands and Zeolites

Wonder Tectosilicate: Zeolite

• Fast process

• Minerals are natural or synthetic

• Large active surface and high cation exchange capacity

The microporous molecular structure of a

zeolite, ZSM-5

Zeolite 2-3 mm

Step 3: Results Na Removal & Cash Crop

Plant Species Weight Na content

(mg/g plant)

Removed Na (g)

Sesuvium

portulacastrum

47.5 kg 50 – experimental

20- control

98.66

Juncus maritimus 9.5 kg 0- exp

0-control

-

Sarcoconia

fruticosa

3 39.7-

experimental

38.2- control

10.7

Inula crithmoides 4.5 (only

one/three

wetlands)

3.6- experimental

5.3- control

1.65

Suaeda monoica 9.75 41.0 experimental

16.6- control

32.7

Step 3 - Results: SAR & PAR

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

SAR

SAR Change

Sesuvium

Juncus

Sarcocornia

Inula

Sueda

regulation

0123456789

10

K m

g/L

PAR Change

Sesuvium

Juncus

Sarcocornia

Inula

Sueda

Step 3 - Results: Ions & EC

6.5 meq/L Target concentration for

irrigation

Amount of WW Treated by the CW

Interim Conclusions

1. The study of 5 halophytes showed that sessuvium is the most suitable species

for the task of removing Na from dairy effluents.

2. The regulatory target concentrations has been achieved but not enough

water for irrigation was produced.

3. Optimization analysis should be conducted to determine the optimal WW

recharge required to reach the ions target concentrations while still

producing sufficient water for irrigation.

4. Pilot-scale experiments should be conducted to verify the simulations’

results.

5. Optimization analysis will be conducted to determine the right CW size

for a given WW discharge.

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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement

No 700699. The opinions expressed in this document reflect only the author’s view and in no way reflect the European Commission’s

opinions. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.www.brigaid.eu

Contact Person:

M. Iggy Litaor

Phone: 972 -47700518

litaori@telhai.ac.il

iggylitaor@gmail.com

Thank You!

Additional Information of the wastewater treatment plant (TRL = 9)