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TERMINOLOGI TERMINOLOGI PLANKTONPLANKTON
Viktor Hensen (abad 19, ilmuwan Jerman): Organisme Viktor Hensen (abad 19, ilmuwan Jerman): Organisme mikroskopis baik hewan maupun tumbuhan yang hidup mikroskopis baik hewan maupun tumbuhan yang hidup melayang bebas tidak dapat melawan arus, serta tidak melayang bebas tidak dapat melawan arus, serta tidak
terikat dengan pantai dan dasarterikat dengan pantai dan dasarplankton plankton
plank·ton plank·ton [plángktən][plángktən]nounnoun
mass of tiny floating organisms: mass of tiny floating organisms: a mass of tiny animals a mass of tiny animals and plants floating in the sea or in lakes, usually near the and plants floating in the sea or in lakes, usually near the
surface, and eaten by fish and other water animals surface, and eaten by fish and other water animals
--plank·ton·icplank·ton·ic [plangk tónnik], , [plangk tónnik], , adjectiveadjective Microsoft® Encarta® 2006. © 1993-2005 Microsoft Microsoft® Encarta® 2006. © 1993-2005 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved.Corporation. All rights reserved.
BEBERAPA FOTO BEBERAPA FOTO PLANKTONPLANKTON
• FITOPLANKTONFITOPLANKTON
ZOOPLANKTON
Cladocera
Rotifera
CalanoidaCyclopoida Harpacticoida
Jellyfish Asplanchna
Kenapa dipelajariKenapa dipelajari
• Sumber makanan bagi ikan dan Sumber makanan bagi ikan dan organisme air lainnya, bahkan organisme air lainnya, bahkan manusiamanusia
• Penyedia oksigen terpenting di Penyedia oksigen terpenting di perairanperairan
• Sebagai indikator tingkat kesuburanSebagai indikator tingkat kesuburan• Sebagai indikator tingkat pencemaranSebagai indikator tingkat pencemaran• Sebagai pengawetSebagai pengawet
Linkages of algae, macrophytes, and fisheries in lakes
PengelompokanPengelompokanBerdasarkan kemampuan membuat makanan:Berdasarkan kemampuan membuat makanan:Fitoplankton (Seluruhnya termasuk algae)Fitoplankton (Seluruhnya termasuk algae)Zooplankton Zooplankton Berdasarkan lama hidup sbg planktonBerdasarkan lama hidup sbg planktonHoloplankton (seluruh siklus hidup sbg Holoplankton (seluruh siklus hidup sbg
plankton)plankton) Examples of holoplankton include Examples of holoplankton include diatoms, , radiolarians, , dinoflagellates, , foraminifera, , amphipods, , krill, , copepods, and, and
Meroplankton (satu/bbrapa stadia sbg Meroplankton (satu/bbrapa stadia sbg plankton)plankton)
Berdasarkan ukuranBerdasarkan ukuranNannoplankton/ultraplankton/ mikroplankton Nannoplankton/ultraplankton/ mikroplankton
(<10(<10µµ, <30, <30µµ, <50, <50µ)µ)Netplankton/mesoplankton (<1mm>60Netplankton/mesoplankton (<1mm>60µ)µ)Makroplankton/megaplankton/ megaloplankton Makroplankton/megaplankton/ megaloplankton
(> 1mm)(> 1mm)Plankton are also often described in terms of
size. Usually the following divisions are used:However, some of these terms may be used with
very different boundaries, especially on the larger end of the scale. The existence and importance of nano- and even smaller plankton was only discovered during the 1980s, but they are thought to make up the largest proportion of all plankton in number and diversity.
GroupSize range (ESD)
Major organisms
Megaplankton
2×10-1 and above
(20+ cm)metazoans; e.g. jellyfish
Macroplankton
2×10-2 →2×10-1 m
(2-20 cm)metazoans; e.g. pteropods; chaetognaths
Mesoplankton
2×10-4→2×10-2 m
(0.2 mm-2 cm)
metazoans; e.g. copepods
Microplankton
2×10-5→2×10-4 m
(20-200 µm)
large eukaryotic protists; juvenile/small metazoans
Nanoplankton
2×10-6→2×10-5 m
(2-20 µm)small eukaryotic protists
Picoplankton
2×10-7→2×10-6 m
(0.2-2 µm)small eukaryotic protists; bacteria
Femtoplankton
< 2×10-7 m(< 0.2 µm)
marine viruses
Berdasarkan habitat
Limnoplankton (di danau)
Heleoplankton (di kolam)
Potamoplankton (di sungai)
Hipalmiroplankton (di air payau)
Haliplankton (di laut)
Alat tangkap/pengumpulAlat tangkap/pengumpul
• GayungGayung• EmberEmber• Water samplerWater sampler• Plankton netPlankton net
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