Petal Housing: composite strategies responsive to environmental specificity

COMPOSITE ENVIRONMENT: MODULAR VARIABILITY & ECOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY

- Control Points of Curve represents the bundling nodes

concept typology geometry

vector

- location of control points determined by predefined hierarchical geom-etry

- tightness, i.e degree of bundling is proportional to degree of curva-ture

logic :Y Axis = 0 degreeclockwise iteration starting from n = 1

N1 = N1+ m, where m is the number of roots within n1

outgoing nodes at centres

circle divided by n roots, where n is parameter

n then defines the number of segments on nth line

each segment length determines the diameter of subsequent circle in the lower root

e.g.: n = 3

incoming nodes at perimeter/circumference

root level 3

root level 3

root level 3

root level 3

root level 3root level 3

root level 2

root level 2

root level 2

root level 1

logic diagrams

projection in Z-axis

logic :

Height of each root is determined by the strength of attractor at particu-lar point

strength of attractor dependent on the spatial function

in this case pavilion:function attractor strengthgallery/multifunction space: 1.0bar dining 0.8ancilary 0.6storage 0.4furniture 0.1 - 0.3

3d surface individual2d surface bundle 3d surface blend with spatial continuity

logic diagrams

CHRARACTER

The climate in the Hunter Valley is moderate, similar to a Mediterranean climate. In summer the average daily temperature exceeds 21.1C and in winter the average minimum temperature is 4.4C. January is the hottest month and July the coldest. The heaviest rainfalls are in summer, with a secondary peak just before winter with an average annual rainfall of 750mm.Summer

LONG HOUSE ARRANGEMENT

Single elongated range

Entrance to cross-passage near the middle of the building

LAITHE-HOUSE ARRANGEMENT

No cross-passage

Farm buildings usually at ‘upper’ end of house

- Stable with loft over

PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT

Two parallel ranges of buildings, one including farmhouse

- Stable with loft of granary over

- Loft over cow-house

L-SHAPED ARRANGEMENT

Buildings arranged about an angle

House is shown attached but may equally be separate

- Attached to stable

- Cart-shed and granary over

U-SHAPED ARRANGEMENT

buildings and house in a u-shape

alternatively the house may be quite separate

- Loose box

COURTYARD ARRANGEMENT

Enclosed farmyard, in this case incorporating the back of the farmhouse

- Carthorse stable

- Carriage horse stable

- Trap-house

- Cart-shed with granary over

- Pig-sties, shelter shed, etc.

All major farm buildings incorporated in the bank barn

- Loose boxes

- Cart-shed

- Stable and barn over

SCATTERED ARRANGEMENT

Haphazard layout

- Pig sties

residential area

barn

stable

cow-house

other farmhouses

FARM HOUSE STUDY

general layout of vernacular farmhouse from small to large follows the hierarchical structure of privacy. living room becomes the common space or entrance, flanked by services. bedrooms are usually located on the top level.

XS MS

kitchen/parlourbedroom bedroom living roomliving room small pantry parlour living room

bedroom bedroom

XLL

living roompantry kitchen/parlour living room parlourkitchen lobby scullery

bedroom bedroombedroom bedroom bedroom bedroombedroom

topography factor_sun

topography factor_sun

spatial configuration_vars

bedroom

living

services

n s

w e

N

NE/NW

SE/SW

S

E/W

base geometry summer 9am summer 12pm summer 3pmorientation

N

NE/NW

SE/SW

S

E/W

base geometry winter 9am winter12pm winter 3pmorientation

ecotect analysis

petal orientation and opening sizes influences the natural daylight within the space. the geometry of diamond creates a deep overhang at 2 opposite ends.

the analysis deals with a combination of 3 petals each oriented in different direction (NW,N,NE). the offset of roof with the base is then adjusted to achieve optimum solar shading during summer and minimize glare during winter in different directions.

summer solar exposure winter solar exposure

summer shaded percentage winter shaded percentage

lounge

kitchen

dining

bathroom

masterbedroom

bedroom 1

bedroom 2

bedroom 3

sleeping bathroom kitchen dining living den

library study patio outdoorspace

void space circulation

studio typology

root = 4

volume = 4

form = 4a

root =5

volume = 6

form = 6a

2 bedroom typology 3 bedroom typology 4 bedroom typology

root = 6

volume = 7

form = 7a

root = 7

volume = 8

form = 8a

studio typology

density_circulation = x1.0 density_circulation = x1.2 density_circulation = x1.4 density_circulation = x1.6

density_structure = 3 density_structure = 4 density_structure = 5 density_structure = 6

type = 3.0 type = 4.8 type = 7.0 type = 9.6

2 bedroom typology 3 bedroom typology 4 bedroom typology

4_bedroom type a

3_bedroom type c

3_bedroom type a

2_bedroom type a

studio type a orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

DAYLIGHT FACTOR = DF (%) ORIENTATION = O

O = nw DF = 90

O = sw DF = 90

O = se DF = 90

O = e DF = 90

O = nw DF = 80

O = sw DF = 80

O = se DF = 80

O = e DF = 80

O = n DF = 90 O = n DF = 80

O = nw DF = 70

O = sw DF = 70

O = se DF = 70

O = e DF = 70

O = n DF = 70

O = nw DF = 60

O = sw DF = 60

O = se DF = 60

O = e DF = 60

O = n DF = 60

O = nw DF = 50

O = sw DF = 50

O = se DF = 50

O = e DF = 50

O = n DF = 50

O = nw DF = 40

O = sw DF = 40

O = se DF = 40

O = e DF = 40

O = n DF = 40

O = nw DF = 30

O = sw DF = 30

O = se DF = 30

O = e DF = 30

O = n DF = 30

4_bedroom type a

3_bedroom type c

3_bedroom type a

2_bedroom type a

studio type a orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne

studio type a studio type b studio type c 2_bedroom type a

2_bedroom type b 3_bedroom type a

4_bedroom type a

3_bedroom type b 3_bedroom type c

4_bedroom type b

slope = 30 slope = 0

slope = 0

slope = -30 slope = 0

slope = -30

slope = 0 slope = -30 slope = 30 slope = 0

studio type a studio type b studio type c slope = 0 slope = -30 slope = 30

2_bedroom type a 2_bedroom type b slope = 30slope = 0

3_bedroom type a 3_bedroom type b 3_bedroom type cslope = 0 slope = -30 slope = 0

4_bedroom type a 4_bedroom type bslope = 0 slope = -30

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

kitchen

bathroom

diningmaster bedroom

1/100

elevation_front 1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100image_frame image_persp

studio type barea: 90 sqm

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

kitchen

bathroom

diningmaster bedroom

1/100

elevation_front 1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100image_frame image_persp

studio type carea: 90 sqm

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

kitchen

bedroom 1

bathroom

dining

fireplace

master bedroom

ensuite

1/100

elevation_front 1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100image_frame image_persp

2_bedroom type aarea: 120 sqm

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

kitchen

bedroom 1

bathroom

bedroom 1bedroom 2

roof terrace

dining

atrium

master bedroom

ensuite

1/100 plan_first 1/100

image_frame image_persp3_bedroom type b

area: 160 sqm

plan_roof image_frame image_persp

elevation_front

sectional_persp_cross

sectional_persp_long

1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

kitchen

bathroom

bedroom 1

bedroom 2

roof terrace

dining

atrium

master bedroom

ensuite

1/100 plan_first 1/100

image_frame image_persp

3_bedroom type carea: 160 sqm

plan_roof image_frame image_persp

elevation_front

sectional_persp_cross

sectional_persp_long

1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

kitchen

bedroom 1

bathroom

bedroom 1

bedroom 2

roof terrace

dining

atrium

master bedroom

ensuite

1/100 plan_first 1/100

image_frame image_persp

3_bedroom type aarea: 160 sqm

plan_roof image_frame image_persp

elevation_front

sectional_persp_cross

sectional_persp_long

1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

kitchen

bedroom 1

bathroom

bedroom 1

bedroom 2

bedroom 3

roof terrace

balcony

dining

atrium

master bedroom

ensuite

1/100 plan_first 1/100

image_frame image_persp

4_bedroom type aarea: 210 sqm

plan_roof image_frame image_persp

elevation_front

sectional_persp_cross

sectional_persp_long

1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100

plan_roof

plan_ground

lounge

terraceterrace

kitchen

bedroom 1

bathroom

bedroom 1

bedroom 2

bedroom 3

dining

atrium

master bedroom

ensuite

1/100 plan_first 1/100

image_frame image_persp

4_bedroom type barea: 210 sqm

plan_roof image_frame image_persp

elevation_front

sectional_persp_cross

sectional_persp_long

1/100

section_cross 1/100

elevation_side 1/100

section_long 1/100

waffle structure

finishing

waffle structure

exploded_axo_construction

transportation simulation

metal roofing sheet to setout slope

timber is the primary material used in the construction, and is a renewable construction resource, with its low embodied energy. the prefabricaion technique reduces onsite impact and increase construction speed.

gutter channels around perimeter of roof fixings

secondary roof structure bearing roof sheeting

horizontal waffle finskerto with 20% of glulam for shear resistancethickness of 37-75mm at spacing of 900mm cc

vertical waffle finstimber with low buckling properties, with depth of components at 135-175mm

conventional timber structure for floor systemservices are hidden below ffl, between the strata of ffl and footings

cladding of thermowoodhighly durable and weather reisistance

insitu reinforced concrete footing as base for anchoring the structure

glass panelow e value double glazing panes for optimum thermal comfortglazing setback for sun control

primary and secondary structure

exterior cladding

roof and glazing finishes

stage_01foundation - insitu concrete as footing and rainwater tank containmentsubsurface construction works commences

stage_02construction of primary structure-setting of vertical waffle fins followed by horizontal fins, forming a self supporting structure

stage_03completion of primary structure-all bracings are secured-undercover services are inserted

stage_04roof and floor structure insertionboth type of elements act as secondary structure that hold the entire form together

stage_05roof and floor panesfinsihing the standard construction joints

stage_06cladding of framesall finishes from internal to external are completed

each petal is optimized in terms of environmental factors. solar control is the primary factor that determines the depth of overhang, as well as offsets of top petal as overhang for bottom petal. the glazing unit for each petal consists of operable louvres that allows capture of natural cross ventilation during reasonable seasons. the central atrium within each housing type creates stack effect that drags warms air out, thus foster natural ventilation. the roof, wall and floor cavities are insulated for thermal control and increase time lag of temperature transfer. fireplace

By burning Denatured Ethanol, the EcoS-mart offers a clean burn and requires no utility connection. The renewable fuel source is simply burned until empty, at which point it may simply be refilled.

summercentral atrium creates stack effect

winter

operable louvres to capture natural ventilation

low e value double glazing reduce heat loss to external during winter-increase thermal comfort up to 40%

bottom panel with possibility of opaque/translucent

services under ffl, with access for maintenance from front

gutter flow rainwater collection

slope direction

roof construction -slope towards center of house for rainwa-ter collection-rfl thermal insulation

SECTIONAL DETAIL

solar orientationcheck for (-ern means 180 degress tolerance): northern function: loungeeastern function: bed-roomssouth western: services

lounge algorithm:calculate the minimum distance between lounge of 2 houses if smaller then minimum, deflect the petal direction of deflection reference to view parameter view parameter 0 - 1 else end if next

privacy rule 1 calculate parallel faces of petal of 2 houses, where parallel is +-20 degrees if parallel then deflect the petal according to the function solar orientation rule else check for views to landscape view parameter 0 - 1 end if next

privacy rule 2 (only applies to spaces except lounge)calculate distance from access point if distance is smaller than the minimum distance then deflect away from source else end if next

typological rules to create adaptive modular that is specific to the environment. the environment includes topological, orientation and view influences typology 1:1:2:2 typology 1:1:2:2 typology 1:1:2:2 typology 1:1:2:2

deflection =0lvl=1

deflection = +20lvl=1

deflection = +20lvl=2

deflection = +40lvl=2

deflection = +20lvl=1

deflection = +20lvl=1

deflection = -10lvl=2

deflection = -30lvl=2

deflection = 0lvl=1

deflection = +20lvl=1

deflection = 0lvl=2

deflection = +20lvl=2

deflection = -20lvl=1

deflection = +20lvl=1

deflection = +20lvl=2

deflection = -20lvl=2

typology 2:1:1:2

deflection = 0lvl=2

deflection = +20lvl=1

deflection = -20lvl=1

deflection = -20lvl=2

typology 2:1:1:2

deflection = +20lvl=2

deflection = +20lvl=1

deflection = -20lvl=1

deflection = 0lvl=2

plan_roof

orientation is based on 2 parameters:-solar angle to maximize daylight for lounge and dining-maintain thermal comfort within the building using passive shading

-views by taking advantage of vantage points to individual farmlands-privacy control dependent on function of spaces

lounge orientated towards north, with daylight factor of 9% and minimum 3 hrs of sunlight during winter

the configuration used here is 1:2:2:1:2:2

unit 1orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 1

boundary_access orientation_lounge orientation_shadow

1/350

unit 2orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2

unit 3orientation = nwviews = streetlevels = 2

unit 4orientation = neviews = farmlevels = 1

unit 5orientation = wviews = streetlevels = 2

unit 6orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2

LINEAR

linear typology consists alignment of houses along a singular vector. the houses are adapted onto the contour of the site. based on different types of housing, solar and views factors are optimized. proximity to adjacent houses affect the orientations and privacy issues.

this typology resemble parallel arrangement of houses in the vernacular typology.

rainwater tank collected from rooffeeding weeds

8m

land area defined by petal orientation

localised courtyard

housing on insitu plinth, as strong foundation

top level with views

similar form can be substituded with other farm components, e.g: barn

plan_roof

orientation is based on 2 parameters:-solar angle to maximize daylight for lounge and dining-maintain thermal comfort within the building using passive shading

-views by taking advantage of vantage points to individual farmlands-privacy control dependent on function of spaces

lounge orientated towards north, with daylight factor of 9% and minimum 3 hrs of sunlight during winter

the configuration used here is counter clockwise 1:2:2:2:2:1

unit 1orientation = nviews = farm levels = 1

boundary_access

orientation_lounge

orientation_shadow1/350

unit 2orientation = nviews = farm levels = 2

unit 3orientation = nWviews = farm levels = 2

unit 4orientation = nWviews = farm levels = 2

unit 5orientation = nviews = farm levels = 2

unit 6orientation = nviews = farm levels = 1

CLUSTER

cluster typology consists grouping of houses in proximity, thus forming a courtyard in the center. the houses are adapted onto the contour of the site. based on different types of housing, solar and views factors are optimized. proximity to adjacent houses affect the orientations and privacy issues. cluster typology is suitable in valley or ridge of the contours, as all houses in the cluster relates spatially to one another.

this typology resembles courtyard arrangement of houses in the vernacular typology.

rainwater tank collected from rooffeeding weeds

14 - 18m

land area defined by petal orientation

courtyard as internal circulation between farm community

housing on insitu plinth, as strong foundation

overhang formed by top level for solar control

bedrooms at top level for privacy

massing height increases from n to s

lounge faces north in general, unless overshadowing

plan_roof

orientation is based on 2 parameters:-solar angle to maximize daylight for lounge and dining-maintain thermal comfort within the building using passive shading

-views by taking advantage of vantage points to individual farmlands-privacy control dependent on function of spaces

lounge orientated towards north, with daylight factor of 9% and minimum 3 hrs of sunlight during winter

the configuration used here is (from left to right):2:2:2:1:2:1:2

unit 1orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2

boundary_access orientation_lounge orientation_shadow

1/500

unit 2orientation = wviews = farm + streetlevels = 2

unit 3orientation = sviews = farmlevels = 2

unit 4orientation = neviews = farmlevels = 1

auxillary unitcar portstorage

unit 5orientation = neviews = streetlevels = 2

unit 6orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 1

unit 7orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2