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the assemblages of superimposed leaf-like housing units use timber prefabrication methods for achieving organizational and geometric flexibility. The idea investigates the use of parametric design for form-finding and fabrication techniques that are specific to an environment and location.
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COMPOSITE ENVIRONMENT: MODULAR VARIABILITY & ECOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY
- Control Points of Curve represents the bundling nodes
concept typology geometry
vector
- location of control points determined by predefined hierarchical geom-etry
- tightness, i.e degree of bundling is proportional to degree of curva-ture
logic :Y Axis = 0 degreeclockwise iteration starting from n = 1
N1 = N1+ m, where m is the number of roots within n1
outgoing nodes at centres
circle divided by n roots, where n is parameter
n then defines the number of segments on nth line
each segment length determines the diameter of subsequent circle in the lower root
e.g.: n = 3
incoming nodes at perimeter/circumference
root level 3
root level 3
root level 3
root level 3
root level 3root level 3
root level 2
root level 2
root level 2
root level 1
logic diagrams
projection in Z-axis
logic :
Height of each root is determined by the strength of attractor at particu-lar point
strength of attractor dependent on the spatial function
in this case pavilion:function attractor strengthgallery/multifunction space: 1.0bar dining 0.8ancilary 0.6storage 0.4furniture 0.1 - 0.3
3d surface individual2d surface bundle 3d surface blend with spatial continuity
logic diagrams
CHRARACTER
The climate in the Hunter Valley is moderate, similar to a Mediterranean climate. In summer the average daily temperature exceeds 21.1C and in winter the average minimum temperature is 4.4C. January is the hottest month and July the coldest. The heaviest rainfalls are in summer, with a secondary peak just before winter with an average annual rainfall of 750mm.Summer
LONG HOUSE ARRANGEMENT
Single elongated range
Entrance to cross-passage near the middle of the building
LAITHE-HOUSE ARRANGEMENT
No cross-passage
Farm buildings usually at ‘upper’ end of house
- Stable with loft over
PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT
Two parallel ranges of buildings, one including farmhouse
- Stable with loft of granary over
- Loft over cow-house
L-SHAPED ARRANGEMENT
Buildings arranged about an angle
House is shown attached but may equally be separate
- Attached to stable
- Cart-shed and granary over
U-SHAPED ARRANGEMENT
buildings and house in a u-shape
alternatively the house may be quite separate
- Loose box
COURTYARD ARRANGEMENT
Enclosed farmyard, in this case incorporating the back of the farmhouse
- Carthorse stable
- Carriage horse stable
- Trap-house
- Cart-shed with granary over
- Pig-sties, shelter shed, etc.
All major farm buildings incorporated in the bank barn
- Loose boxes
- Cart-shed
- Stable and barn over
SCATTERED ARRANGEMENT
Haphazard layout
- Pig sties
residential area
barn
stable
cow-house
other farmhouses
FARM HOUSE STUDY
general layout of vernacular farmhouse from small to large follows the hierarchical structure of privacy. living room becomes the common space or entrance, flanked by services. bedrooms are usually located on the top level.
XS MS
kitchen/parlourbedroom bedroom living roomliving room small pantry parlour living room
bedroom bedroom
XLL
living roompantry kitchen/parlour living room parlourkitchen lobby scullery
bedroom bedroombedroom bedroom bedroom bedroombedroom
topography factor_sun
topography factor_sun
spatial configuration_vars
bedroom
living
services
n s
w e
N
NE/NW
SE/SW
S
E/W
base geometry summer 9am summer 12pm summer 3pmorientation
N
NE/NW
SE/SW
S
E/W
base geometry winter 9am winter12pm winter 3pmorientation
ecotect analysis
petal orientation and opening sizes influences the natural daylight within the space. the geometry of diamond creates a deep overhang at 2 opposite ends.
the analysis deals with a combination of 3 petals each oriented in different direction (NW,N,NE). the offset of roof with the base is then adjusted to achieve optimum solar shading during summer and minimize glare during winter in different directions.
summer solar exposure winter solar exposure
summer shaded percentage winter shaded percentage
lounge
kitchen
dining
bathroom
masterbedroom
bedroom 1
bedroom 2
bedroom 3
sleeping bathroom kitchen dining living den
library study patio outdoorspace
void space circulation
studio typology
root = 4
volume = 4
form = 4a
root =5
volume = 6
form = 6a
2 bedroom typology 3 bedroom typology 4 bedroom typology
root = 6
volume = 7
form = 7a
root = 7
volume = 8
form = 8a
studio typology
density_circulation = x1.0 density_circulation = x1.2 density_circulation = x1.4 density_circulation = x1.6
density_structure = 3 density_structure = 4 density_structure = 5 density_structure = 6
type = 3.0 type = 4.8 type = 7.0 type = 9.6
2 bedroom typology 3 bedroom typology 4 bedroom typology
4_bedroom type a
3_bedroom type c
3_bedroom type a
2_bedroom type a
studio type a orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
DAYLIGHT FACTOR = DF (%) ORIENTATION = O
O = nw DF = 90
O = sw DF = 90
O = se DF = 90
O = e DF = 90
O = nw DF = 80
O = sw DF = 80
O = se DF = 80
O = e DF = 80
O = n DF = 90 O = n DF = 80
O = nw DF = 70
O = sw DF = 70
O = se DF = 70
O = e DF = 70
O = n DF = 70
O = nw DF = 60
O = sw DF = 60
O = se DF = 60
O = e DF = 60
O = n DF = 60
O = nw DF = 50
O = sw DF = 50
O = se DF = 50
O = e DF = 50
O = n DF = 50
O = nw DF = 40
O = sw DF = 40
O = se DF = 40
O = e DF = 40
O = n DF = 40
O = nw DF = 30
O = sw DF = 30
O = se DF = 30
O = e DF = 30
O = n DF = 30
4_bedroom type a
3_bedroom type c
3_bedroom type a
2_bedroom type a
studio type a orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
orientation = n orientation = nw orientation = sw orientation = se orientation = ne
studio type a studio type b studio type c 2_bedroom type a
2_bedroom type b 3_bedroom type a
4_bedroom type a
3_bedroom type b 3_bedroom type c
4_bedroom type b
slope = 30 slope = 0
slope = 0
slope = -30 slope = 0
slope = -30
slope = 0 slope = -30 slope = 30 slope = 0
studio type a studio type b studio type c slope = 0 slope = -30 slope = 30
2_bedroom type a 2_bedroom type b slope = 30slope = 0
3_bedroom type a 3_bedroom type b 3_bedroom type cslope = 0 slope = -30 slope = 0
4_bedroom type a 4_bedroom type bslope = 0 slope = -30
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
kitchen
bathroom
diningmaster bedroom
1/100
elevation_front 1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100image_frame image_persp
studio type barea: 90 sqm
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
kitchen
bathroom
diningmaster bedroom
1/100
elevation_front 1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100image_frame image_persp
studio type carea: 90 sqm
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
kitchen
bedroom 1
bathroom
dining
fireplace
master bedroom
ensuite
1/100
elevation_front 1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100image_frame image_persp
2_bedroom type aarea: 120 sqm
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
kitchen
bedroom 1
bathroom
bedroom 1bedroom 2
roof terrace
dining
atrium
master bedroom
ensuite
1/100 plan_first 1/100
image_frame image_persp3_bedroom type b
area: 160 sqm
plan_roof image_frame image_persp
elevation_front
sectional_persp_cross
sectional_persp_long
1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
kitchen
bathroom
bedroom 1
bedroom 2
roof terrace
dining
atrium
master bedroom
ensuite
1/100 plan_first 1/100
image_frame image_persp
3_bedroom type carea: 160 sqm
plan_roof image_frame image_persp
elevation_front
sectional_persp_cross
sectional_persp_long
1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
kitchen
bedroom 1
bathroom
bedroom 1
bedroom 2
roof terrace
dining
atrium
master bedroom
ensuite
1/100 plan_first 1/100
image_frame image_persp
3_bedroom type aarea: 160 sqm
plan_roof image_frame image_persp
elevation_front
sectional_persp_cross
sectional_persp_long
1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
kitchen
bedroom 1
bathroom
bedroom 1
bedroom 2
bedroom 3
roof terrace
balcony
dining
atrium
master bedroom
ensuite
1/100 plan_first 1/100
image_frame image_persp
4_bedroom type aarea: 210 sqm
plan_roof image_frame image_persp
elevation_front
sectional_persp_cross
sectional_persp_long
1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100
plan_roof
plan_ground
lounge
terraceterrace
kitchen
bedroom 1
bathroom
bedroom 1
bedroom 2
bedroom 3
dining
atrium
master bedroom
ensuite
1/100 plan_first 1/100
image_frame image_persp
4_bedroom type barea: 210 sqm
plan_roof image_frame image_persp
elevation_front
sectional_persp_cross
sectional_persp_long
1/100
section_cross 1/100
elevation_side 1/100
section_long 1/100
waffle structure
finishing
waffle structure
exploded_axo_construction
transportation simulation
metal roofing sheet to setout slope
timber is the primary material used in the construction, and is a renewable construction resource, with its low embodied energy. the prefabricaion technique reduces onsite impact and increase construction speed.
gutter channels around perimeter of roof fixings
secondary roof structure bearing roof sheeting
horizontal waffle finskerto with 20% of glulam for shear resistancethickness of 37-75mm at spacing of 900mm cc
vertical waffle finstimber with low buckling properties, with depth of components at 135-175mm
conventional timber structure for floor systemservices are hidden below ffl, between the strata of ffl and footings
cladding of thermowoodhighly durable and weather reisistance
insitu reinforced concrete footing as base for anchoring the structure
glass panelow e value double glazing panes for optimum thermal comfortglazing setback for sun control
primary and secondary structure
exterior cladding
roof and glazing finishes
stage_01foundation - insitu concrete as footing and rainwater tank containmentsubsurface construction works commences
stage_02construction of primary structure-setting of vertical waffle fins followed by horizontal fins, forming a self supporting structure
stage_03completion of primary structure-all bracings are secured-undercover services are inserted
stage_04roof and floor structure insertionboth type of elements act as secondary structure that hold the entire form together
stage_05roof and floor panesfinsihing the standard construction joints
stage_06cladding of framesall finishes from internal to external are completed
each petal is optimized in terms of environmental factors. solar control is the primary factor that determines the depth of overhang, as well as offsets of top petal as overhang for bottom petal. the glazing unit for each petal consists of operable louvres that allows capture of natural cross ventilation during reasonable seasons. the central atrium within each housing type creates stack effect that drags warms air out, thus foster natural ventilation. the roof, wall and floor cavities are insulated for thermal control and increase time lag of temperature transfer. fireplace
By burning Denatured Ethanol, the EcoS-mart offers a clean burn and requires no utility connection. The renewable fuel source is simply burned until empty, at which point it may simply be refilled.
summercentral atrium creates stack effect
winter
operable louvres to capture natural ventilation
low e value double glazing reduce heat loss to external during winter-increase thermal comfort up to 40%
bottom panel with possibility of opaque/translucent
services under ffl, with access for maintenance from front
gutter flow rainwater collection
slope direction
roof construction -slope towards center of house for rainwa-ter collection-rfl thermal insulation
SECTIONAL DETAIL
solar orientationcheck for (-ern means 180 degress tolerance): northern function: loungeeastern function: bed-roomssouth western: services
lounge algorithm:calculate the minimum distance between lounge of 2 houses if smaller then minimum, deflect the petal direction of deflection reference to view parameter view parameter 0 - 1 else end if next
privacy rule 1 calculate parallel faces of petal of 2 houses, where parallel is +-20 degrees if parallel then deflect the petal according to the function solar orientation rule else check for views to landscape view parameter 0 - 1 end if next
privacy rule 2 (only applies to spaces except lounge)calculate distance from access point if distance is smaller than the minimum distance then deflect away from source else end if next
typological rules to create adaptive modular that is specific to the environment. the environment includes topological, orientation and view influences typology 1:1:2:2 typology 1:1:2:2 typology 1:1:2:2 typology 1:1:2:2
deflection =0lvl=1
deflection = +20lvl=1
deflection = +20lvl=2
deflection = +40lvl=2
deflection = +20lvl=1
deflection = +20lvl=1
deflection = -10lvl=2
deflection = -30lvl=2
deflection = 0lvl=1
deflection = +20lvl=1
deflection = 0lvl=2
deflection = +20lvl=2
deflection = -20lvl=1
deflection = +20lvl=1
deflection = +20lvl=2
deflection = -20lvl=2
typology 2:1:1:2
deflection = 0lvl=2
deflection = +20lvl=1
deflection = -20lvl=1
deflection = -20lvl=2
typology 2:1:1:2
deflection = +20lvl=2
deflection = +20lvl=1
deflection = -20lvl=1
deflection = 0lvl=2
plan_roof
orientation is based on 2 parameters:-solar angle to maximize daylight for lounge and dining-maintain thermal comfort within the building using passive shading
-views by taking advantage of vantage points to individual farmlands-privacy control dependent on function of spaces
lounge orientated towards north, with daylight factor of 9% and minimum 3 hrs of sunlight during winter
the configuration used here is 1:2:2:1:2:2
unit 1orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 1
boundary_access orientation_lounge orientation_shadow
1/350
unit 2orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2
unit 3orientation = nwviews = streetlevels = 2
unit 4orientation = neviews = farmlevels = 1
unit 5orientation = wviews = streetlevels = 2
unit 6orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2
LINEAR
linear typology consists alignment of houses along a singular vector. the houses are adapted onto the contour of the site. based on different types of housing, solar and views factors are optimized. proximity to adjacent houses affect the orientations and privacy issues.
this typology resemble parallel arrangement of houses in the vernacular typology.
rainwater tank collected from rooffeeding weeds
8m
land area defined by petal orientation
localised courtyard
housing on insitu plinth, as strong foundation
top level with views
similar form can be substituded with other farm components, e.g: barn
plan_roof
orientation is based on 2 parameters:-solar angle to maximize daylight for lounge and dining-maintain thermal comfort within the building using passive shading
-views by taking advantage of vantage points to individual farmlands-privacy control dependent on function of spaces
lounge orientated towards north, with daylight factor of 9% and minimum 3 hrs of sunlight during winter
the configuration used here is counter clockwise 1:2:2:2:2:1
unit 1orientation = nviews = farm levels = 1
boundary_access
orientation_lounge
orientation_shadow1/350
unit 2orientation = nviews = farm levels = 2
unit 3orientation = nWviews = farm levels = 2
unit 4orientation = nWviews = farm levels = 2
unit 5orientation = nviews = farm levels = 2
unit 6orientation = nviews = farm levels = 1
CLUSTER
cluster typology consists grouping of houses in proximity, thus forming a courtyard in the center. the houses are adapted onto the contour of the site. based on different types of housing, solar and views factors are optimized. proximity to adjacent houses affect the orientations and privacy issues. cluster typology is suitable in valley or ridge of the contours, as all houses in the cluster relates spatially to one another.
this typology resembles courtyard arrangement of houses in the vernacular typology.
rainwater tank collected from rooffeeding weeds
14 - 18m
land area defined by petal orientation
courtyard as internal circulation between farm community
housing on insitu plinth, as strong foundation
overhang formed by top level for solar control
bedrooms at top level for privacy
massing height increases from n to s
lounge faces north in general, unless overshadowing
plan_roof
orientation is based on 2 parameters:-solar angle to maximize daylight for lounge and dining-maintain thermal comfort within the building using passive shading
-views by taking advantage of vantage points to individual farmlands-privacy control dependent on function of spaces
lounge orientated towards north, with daylight factor of 9% and minimum 3 hrs of sunlight during winter
the configuration used here is (from left to right):2:2:2:1:2:1:2
unit 1orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2
boundary_access orientation_lounge orientation_shadow
1/500
unit 2orientation = wviews = farm + streetlevels = 2
unit 3orientation = sviews = farmlevels = 2
unit 4orientation = neviews = farmlevels = 1
auxillary unitcar portstorage
unit 5orientation = neviews = streetlevels = 2
unit 6orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 1
unit 7orientation = nviews = farm + streetlevels = 2