62
Vers Upd CEA CEA L L U sion 1.2b. Re dated version A-DAM Île-d A-CESTA, 15 LM Laser User elease May 2 n available at de-France, B 5 avenue des J Mega r Gu 2016 http://www- Bruyères-le-C s Sablières, C Joule uide -lmj.cea.fr/en Châtel, F-912 CS 60001, F- e n/ForUsers 297 Arpajon -33116 Le B Cedex, Fran Barp Cedex, F nce France P Aqu PET PET uitaine TAL Tawat e Laser L tt r

LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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Page 1: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VersUpd CEACEA

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Page 2: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide

Page 3: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ I

Disclaimer

This document describes the status of the LMJ-PETAL facility and provides the necessary technical references to researchers intending to perform experiments on LMJ-PETAL.

Some devices presented in this document are under development; the data given here, concerning their characteristics, correspond to the specifications. Some small differences could exist between the specification and the realization.

All the presented devices should be available at the beginning of 2019, but some delays are possible.

The performance obtained by the facility so far, and reported in this document, do not commit the future performance.

Page 4: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

CONTENTS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ II

ContentsI- Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 

II- LMJ-PETAL Overview ...................................................................................................................... 2 

III- Policies and Access to CEA-CESTA and LMJ facility .................................................................... 4 

III.1- Driving Directions and Accommodations.................................................................................. 4 

III.2- Office Space at ILP Campus and Computer Access .................................................................. 5 

III.3- CEA-CESTA Access and Regulations ...................................................................................... 5 

III.4- Confidentiality Rules ................................................................................................................. 5 

III.5- Selection Process ....................................................................................................................... 6 

III.6- Experimental Process ................................................................................................................. 7 

III.7- Responsibilities during Shot Cycle ............................................................................................ 8 

III.8- Access to LMJ-PETAL during Shots ........................................................................................ 8 

III.9- Data Access ................................................................................................................................ 9 

III.10- Publications and Authorship Practices ..................................................................................... 9 

III.11- Calls for Proposals History .....................................................................................................10 

IV- LMJ Building Description ...............................................................................................................11 

V- LMJ Laser System ............................................................................................................................12 

V.1- Laser Architecture ......................................................................................................................12 

V.2- LMJ Frequency Conversion and Focusing Scheme ...................................................................15 

V.3- Beam Smoothing ........................................................................................................................16 

V.4- Spot Sizes ...................................................................................................................................16 

V.5- Energy and Power ......................................................................................................................17 

V.6- Pulse Shaping Capabilities .........................................................................................................17 

V.7- LMJ Performance .......................................................................................................................19 

VI- PETAL .............................................................................................................................................20 

VI.1- Laser System .............................................................................................................................20 

VI.2- PETAL Performance ................................................................................................................22 

VII- Target Area and Associated Equipment .........................................................................................23 

VIII- LMJ Diagnostics ...........................................................................................................................27 

VIII.1- X-ray Imagers ........................................................................................................................27 VIII.1.1 - GXI-1, Gated X-ray Imager (high resolution) ................................................................30 VIII.1.2 - GXI-2, Gated X-ray Imager (medium resolution) ..........................................................31 VIII.1.3 - SHXI, Streaked Hard X-ray Imager (medium resolution) ..............................................32 VIII.1.4 – SSXI, Streaked Soft X-ray Imager (high resolution) ......................................................32 VIII.1.5 - UPXI and LPXI, Upper and Lower Polar X-ray imagers ..............................................34 VIII.1.6 – ERHXI, Enhanced Resolution Hard X-ray Imager ........................................................34 

VIII.2- X-ray Spectrometers ..............................................................................................................35 VIII.2.1 – DMX, Broad-band X-ray Spectrometer .........................................................................36 VIII.2.2 - Mini-DMX, Broad-band X-ray Spectrometer .................................................................37 VIII.2.3 – HRXS, High Resolution X-ray Spectrometer .................................................................37 VIII.2.4 – SPECTIX, Hard X-ray Spectrometer .............................................................................38 

VIII.3- Optical Diagnostics ................................................................................................................39 VIII.3.1 - EOS Pack ........................................................................................................................39 VIII.3.2 – FABS, Full Aperture Backscatter System ......................................................................40 VIII.3.4 – NBI, Near Backscatter Imager .......................................................................................41 

VIII.4- Particles Diagnostics ..............................................................................................................42 VIII.4.1 - Neutron Pack ..................................................................................................................43 VIII.4.2 – SEPAGE, Electron and Proton Spectrometer ................................................................43 

Page 5: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

CONTENTS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ III

VIII.4.3 – SESAME, Electron Spectrometer ...................................................................................44 

VIII.5- Diagnostics in Conceptual Design Phase ...............................................................................45 

IX- Experimental Configuration for 2019 ..............................................................................................46 

IX.1- Laser Beams Characteristics .....................................................................................................46 

IX.2- Target Bay Equipment ..............................................................................................................46 

X- Targets ...............................................................................................................................................47 

X.1- Assembly and Metrology Process ..............................................................................................47 

X.2- LMJ-PETAL Target Alignment Process ....................................................................................47 

XI- References .......................................................................................................................................49 

XII- Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................51 

XIII- Glossary ........................................................................................................................................52 

XIV- Appendix .......................................................................................................................................54 

XV- Revision Log ..................................................................................................................................55 

Page 6: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

CONTENTS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ IV

Page 7: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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Page 8: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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Page 9: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

LMJ-PETAL OVERVIEW

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 3

a set of visualization stations for target positioning (SOPAC stations, as System for Optical Positioning and Alignment inside Chamber),

a set of about ten diagnostics manipulators, called Systems for Insertion of Diagnostic (SID), will be installed, they will position 150-kg diagnostic with a 50-µm precision.

The PETAL project consists in the addition of one short-pulse (500 fs to 10 ps) ultra-high-power, high-energy beam (few kJ) to LMJ. PETAL offers a combination of a very high intensity multi-petawatt beam, synchronized with the nanosecond beams of LMJ. PETAL expands the LMJ experimental field on HEDP.

The PETAL design is based on the Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) technique combined with Optical Parametric Amplification (OPA). Furthermore, it takes the benefits of the laser developments made for the high-energy LMJ facility allowing it to reach the kilojoule level.

Over 30 photon and particle diagnostics are considered with high spatial, temporal and spectral resolution in the optical, X-ray, and nuclear domains. Beside classical diagnostics, specific diagnostics adapted to PETAL capacities are available in order to characterize particles and radiation yields that can be created by PETAL [42, 43]. The set of equipment, delivered in 2016 and 2017, has been specified by the academic community in the framework of the PETAL+ project* and is developed by the CEA. It consists of: one spectrometer for charged particles (SEPAGE), two electron spectrometers (SESAME), one hard X-ray spectrometer (SPECTIX) and three diagnostics manipulators (SID).

The first CEA-DAM physics experiments on LMJ have been performed in October 2014 with a limited number of beams and diagnostics. The operational capabilities (number of beams and plasma diagnostics) will increase gradually during the following years. The first academic experiments on LMJ-PETAL are performed in 2017-2018 with 16 beams (4 quads) and PETAL beam, 3 SID and 12 diagnostics. The next ones will be performed in 2019-2020 with 56 beams (14 quads) and PETAL beam, 4 SID and 18 diagnostics.

History Date

Beginning of the construction of the LIL facility 1996 First laser shots on LIL 2002 Beginning of the construction of the LMJ facility 2003 First target physics experiments on LIL 2004 Beginning of PETAL on LIL 2005 First academic experiments on LIL 2005 LMJ target chamber installed 2006 LMJ building commissioning 2008 Decision of coupling PETAL with LMJ 2010 Last academic experiments on LIL & closure of LIL 2014 First target physics experiments on LMJ with 2 quads 2014 PETAL most powerful laser beam with 1.2 PW 2015 First associated LMJ and PETAL shot 2015 First PETAL test shots on target 2016 First academic experiments on LMJ with 4 quads and PETAL 2017

Table II.1: History of LIL, LMJ and PETAL facilities, from the beginning of the LIL to the academic opening of LMJ-PETAL

* The development of PETAL diagnostics takes place within the Equipex project PETAL+ of the University of

Bordeaux, funded by the French Research National Agency (ANR) within the framework of the “Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir” (PIA) of the French Government.

Page 10: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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Page 11: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

POLICIES AND ACCESS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 5

III.2‐ OfficeSpaceatILPCampusandComputerAccessTo provide comfortable working conditions to worldwide researchers preparing their experiments, the

“Institut Lasers & Plasmas” (ILP) and CEA-CESTA offer a large office space, Internet access and administrative assistance inside the ILP Campus Building. This building is located just outside CEA-CESTA. Meeting rooms are available as well as a 150 places amphitheater which could be used for workshops. The ILP building is located 2 km away from LMJ Control Room. A cafeteria for lunch is also accessible at walking distance, as well as supermarket, restaurants and food services located in Le Barp city, 3 km away.

III.3‐ CEA‐CESTAAccessandRegulationsCEA-CESTA is a national security laboratory with regulated entry. Visitors must make prior

arrangements at least 8 weeks before any visit. The experimental campaigns on LMJ-PETAL will be planned at least 6 months in advance, and the access to CEA-CESTA could be extended up to a 3 months period. In order to gain admittance, the requested information is the following:

Last name, first name, place of birth, nationality (dual nationality if any), nationality of birth, passport number and date of validity (CNI number and validity for French citizen), home address, name and address of employer, research institution, funding agency, professional phone number, professional email, contact in case of emergency.

Please notice that access to LMJ-PETAL is of CEA responsibility only. Acceptance of an experimental proposal by ILP doesn’t automatically grant access to CEA for all of the collaborators. According to confidentiality rules, no justifications would be given in case of denied access to the facility.

Professional computers may be authorized on-site provided that the MAC address and physical address of the computer were given with the aforementioned personal information. Internet connectivity will be provided in a dedicated room; however no Wi-Fi capabilities are available inside CEA-CESTA.

All types of cellular telephones are forbidden. This restriction also applies for CEA people inside restricted areas, like the LMJ-PETAL building. The cell phones should be kept secured in a cell phones garage at the badging center entry.

III.4‐ ConfidentialityRulesThe CEA-DAM would be pleased to promote a wide participation of the academic communities to the

scientific and technologic researches which will be performed on the LMJ-PETAL facility. However, as an organism which is in charge for the control of scientific disciplines involved in nuclear deterrence, the CEA-DAM has to follow the protection rules regarding National Defense.

As a consequence, some information and data obtained from laser experiments have to be protected according to the “Guide on the sensitiveness of information in the field of Inertial Confinement Fusion”†.

† General Secretary for Defense and National Security: Document #3235/SGDSN/AIST of May 30, 2012

Figure III.2: Photograph of the ILP Campus building located on the open zone,2 km away from LMJ-PETAL building

Page 12: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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Page 13: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

POLICIES AND ACCESS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 7

This report will include:

1. The experimental configuration at the target chamber center, including realistic target dimensions and position of additional targets (backlighter if any).

2. The laser configuration

2.1. For LMJ beams:

- The desired spot sizes (see Table V.2) and optical smoothing conditions (2 GHz or 2 + 14 GHz);

- The laser pulse shape per quad (P (TW) as a function of time) and Energy (kJ) per quad (the Energy-Power diagram is presented in Figure V.9);

- The laser aim points per quad.

2.2. For PETAL beam:

- Pulse duration (between 0.5 and 10 ps);

- Energy (the current transport mirrors limited the available energy on target at 1 kJ for the 2017-2018 timeframe). For 2019, more energy could be expected;

- Best focus position.

3. The diagnostic configuration

The primary and secondary diagnostics for the physics goal must be specified.

Concerning diagnostics in SID: 4 SID are available in the 2019. The Table VII.1. indicates the available locations.

The fixed diagnostics, if needed, are: DMX in MS8, SESAME 1 and SESAME 2, UPXI, LPXI, FABS, NBI, Neutron Pack (see VIII- LMJ Diagnostics).

4. The target description

Sketch of the targets, including their dimensions, and the manufacturer of the targets must be provided. The CEA/CESTA Target Laboratory is in charge of the alignment of the targets at target center chamber (TCC).

5. The preliminary nuclear safety analysis

In order to later fulfill the CEA LMJ nuclear safety rules, the following information are required:

- A rough estimate of the X-ray and/or electrons and/or ions emitted spectra, with their angular distribution;

- The list of all the constitutive target materials with estimated mass.

6. Preparation requirements

The list of the experimental capabilities which need to be commissioned prior to the physics experiment is requested: specific ns shaped pulse, PW laser contrast, characterization of specific hard X-ray or proton backlighting sources, etc.

7. Shots logic and draft failure modes

The order of the shots (6 shots per campaign at maximum) is required, as well as the logic of the shots and the main possible failure modes (and backup plan).

Final selection of the most pertinent experiments is done by the ISAC-P in accordance with CEA-DAM.

III.6‐ ExperimentalProcessOnce the experiments have been selected, the experimental campaigns are included in the schedule of

the facility by the CEA-DAM Programming Committee. The selected groups are informed of this planning approximately 2 years in advance of the experimental campaign. At the same time, Experiment Managers from CEA (MOE, see III.7) are designated in order to prepare the experiment in close collaboration with the selected groups.

The key milestones in the PETAL-LMJ experimental process will include several reviews in order to evaluate the experimental preparations and readiness.

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POLICIES AND ACCESS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 8

The Launch Review is conducted approximately 24 months in advance of the experimental campaign. The selected group, assisted by the MOE, presents the experiment proposal in front of CEA-DAM experts. The primary purpose of this review is to ensure the proposed experiment meet the LMJ-PETAL requirements and to identify additional studies. CEA-DAM will analyze the proposals in terms of confidentiality rules, security rules and feasibility. At this point CEA-DAM could ask the research group to amend their proposal if it does not match the rules or if a feasibility matter is identified.

Following the Launch Review, the selected groups will prepare a detailed report to be sent to CEA-DAM ([email protected]) approximately 18 months in advance of the experimental campaign. This report will complete the full proposal with feasibility studies, simulation results (including X-ray and particles emissions), detailed target description, etc.

A Follow-up Review occurs approximately 6 months later. The selected group exposes the advances of the experimental preparations and results of identified extra studies. This review is based on the abovementioned detailed report. Depending on the progresses made, other Follow-up Reviews may be scheduled.

The Design Review is conducted approximately 12 months in advance of the experimental campaign. In addition to the previous specified data’s (laser and diagnostic configurations, target description, shots logic …). This review provides all information required by the facility: consideration of target debris, nuclear safety analysis, diagnostics predictions, etc. This Review also updates the agenda of deliveries (e.g. targets).

The Readiness Review occurs approximately 1 month prior to the date of the experiment. It is the final check to ensure that all preparations for execution of the experiment are complete.

III.7‐ ResponsibilitiesduringShotCycleSeveral people will be in charge of the management of the experiment, each of them having a specific

responsibility.

The Principal Investigator (PI) is in charge of the scientific design of the experiment; he may be assisted by a co-PI from ILP (for ICF studies for instance).

The practical design of the experimental project, taking into account the facility capabilities and the expected results (laser energy, pulse shape, laser beams, diagnostics, alignment, debris from target, etc.) comes under the responsibility of the CEA Experiment Manager (MOE); he will work in close collaboration with the PI.

The making of the experimental campaign is under the responsibility of the CEA Experiment Coordinator (RCE); he is in charge of the target and laser bay functioning and performance taking into account all inherent risks for the operation crew and material.

The laser shots during the campaign are under the responsibility of the LMJ Shot Director who is responsible for the LMJ safety.

The PI will not be in direct contact with the LMJ Shot Director. Decisions related to the effective performance of the experimental campaign are taken according to the PI’s wishes; however communications with the Facility and LMJ Shot Director are the sole responsibility of the MOE and RCE.

III.8‐ AccesstoLMJ‐PETALduringShotsAccess to the LMJ-PETAL facility requires half-day training to LMJ security rules and general

information. This course is usually given on Monday.

To ensure personnel and equipment safety, it is mandatory that the LMJ Control Room remains a quiet area during shot operations. Shot preparation is a long process and will take a few hours which include some phases not relevant for physicists. A dedicated meeting room will be available close to the LMJ Control Room for the PI for the final shot phase when his presence is necessary.

To limit administrative duties and escort procedures, the number of external users allowed to follow one shot is limited to 4 people maximum, typically the PI, co-PI (if any), one PhD student and diagnostics expert (for PETAL+ diagnostics for instance). Those people could rotate during the week or the experimental campaign (providing the access procedures have been followed).

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POLICIES AND ACCESS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 9

Figure III.4: View of the LMJ Control Room

III.9‐ DataAccessThe laser pulse shapes and raw laser energy are immediately observable after the shot, like X-ray

images acquired on X-ray framing camera or streaked camera when they are directly recorded on electronic devices (CCD). The consolidated laser energy will be communicated at the end of the experimental campaign because it requires evaluation of the vacuum window transmission which could have been modified by laser-induced damages. For data requiring digitizing or scan (like Image Plate) the data release will not be possible immediately after the shot, but a few hours later. It is also the case for data depending on material handling inside target bay area, which is regulated by safety procedures for contamination control and radiation monitoring.

Raw experimental data and/or data translated into physics units will be accessible to the PI and his experimental team as soon as possible after the shot. The data release is of CEA responsibility. The release of detailed response functions of some diagnostics, like for example the detailed response functions of DMX-LMJ channels, may be considered as classified information. This is why only consolidated data in physics units will be delivered to the PI in such a case. By any way the CEA Experiment Manager will ensure that all essential physics data are delivered to the PI. He is responsible for the quality of the experimental data.

Data support will be either USB keys for the data directly available after the shot or CD-ROM for consolidated and scanned data. The baseline data format of LMJ data is a custom hdf5. CEA will provide hdf5 structure description and if necessary basic tools to extract the information.

III.10‐ PublicationsandAuthorshipPracticesResults of LMJ-PETAL experiments are expected to be published in major journals and presented in

scientific conferences. The PI should inform CEA-DAM of any publication a few weeks before any major conference (APS DPP, IFSA, EPS, ECLIM, ICHED, HEDLA, HTPD, etc.) using the email address [email protected]. It is of PI responsibility to judge who made a significant contribution (or only a minor) to the research study. However CEA Experiment Manager (MOE) and CEA Experiment Coordinator (RCE), as well as CEA Diagnostics leaders, should be co-authors of the first publications of the campaign they have been involved in. A statement acknowledging the use of LMJ-PETAL should be included in all publications. The sources of financial support for the project (ANR, ILP, ERC, etc.) should also be disclosed.

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POLICIES AND ACCESS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 10

III.11‐ CallsforProposalsHistoryThe first call for proposals was launched in July 2014: 16 proposals have been received. In November

2014 the ISAC-P has preselected 7 proposals, and in May 2015, after the selected groups have provided their full proposals, the ISAC-P has selected 4 proposals which have been approved by CEA-DAM and included in the schedule of the facility. They are dedicated to astrophysics phenomena and ICF studies. The first shots are planned in 2017.

The second call for proposals is launched on April 7th, 2016, for shots planned in 2019-2020. The Letters Of Intent must arrive before June 30th, 2016. The ISAC-P pre-selection will be organized at the end of September 2016. The full proposition will then be send in December 2016 for a final selection in February 2017.

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LMJ LASER SYSTEM

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 13

In the amplification section, the beams are grouped in bundle of 8 beams and they are amplified 30 000 times to reach energy of 15-18 kJ per beam. The amplification section includes two 4-pass amplifiers, two spatial filters, a plasma electrode pockels cell, a polarizer and a deformable mirror for wavefront correction.

Figure V.4: Mounting of 4 laser slabs, plasma electrode pockels cell and deformable mirror

In the switchyards, each individual bundle is divided into two quads of 4 beams, which are directed to the upper and lower hemispheres of the chamber by the mean of 5, 6 or 7 transport mirrors. The quad is the basic independent unit for experiments.

The LMJ target chamber is arranged with a vertical axis. LMJ is configured to operate usually in the “indirect drive” scheme [41], which directs the laser beams into cones in the upper and lower hemispheres of the target chamber. Forty quads enter the target chamber through ports that are located on two cones at 33.2°

Figure V.3: South-West Laser Bay equipped with 5 amplification sections

Page 20: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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LMJ LASER SYSTEM

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 15

Beam Port Beam Port Beam Port Beam Port Quads operative in 2019

28U 33.2° 81° 28L 131° 81° 29U 49° 63° 29L 146.8° 63°

17U 33.2° 297° 17L 131° 297° 18U 49° 279° 18L 146.8° 279°

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19U 59.5° 333° 19L 120.5° 315°

13U 33.2° 261° 13L 131° 261° 14U 49° 243° 14L 146.8° 243°

26U 33.2° 45° 26L 131° 45° 25U 49° 27° 25L 146.8° 27°

2U 33.2° 117° 2L 131° 117° 3U 49° 99° 3L 146.8° 99°

7U 49° 171° 7L 146.8° 171° 9U 33.2° 189° 9L 131° 189°

21U 33.2° 333° 21L 131° 333° 20U 49° 315° 20L 146.8° 315°

Table V.1: Spherical coordinates of beam ports

V.2‐ LMJFrequencyConversionandFocusingSchemeThe optics assembly for frequency conversion and focusing is composed of a 1ω grating, two KDP

and DKDP crystals for Second and Third Harmonic Generation, and a 3ω focusing grating. The 1ω grating deflects by an angle of 50° the incoming 1ω beam. An angular dispersion of the spectrum is introduced by the grating which allows broadband frequency tripling. The frequency converters use a Type I-Type II third harmonic generation scheme. The 3ω grating deflects back the 3ω beam by an angle of 50°, while the unconverted light is stopped by absorbers. As a consequence no volume restrictions and additional shielding for unconverted light issues have to be taken into account in the making of the experiments.

Figure V.7: LMJ frequency conversion and focusing by gratings

The pointing accuracy of LMJ quadruplets depends on the aim point. Two pointing volumes have been defined. The finest accuracy (50 µm rms) is achieved inside a 30 mm diameter x 30 mm high orthocylinder (see Figure V.8). Outside this first cylinder the pointing volume can be described by two other imbricated cylinders with a 75 to 100 µm pointing accuracy. These capabilities have to be considered for the positioning of X-ray backlighters for instance.

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Page 24: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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r e e e e

Page 25: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

V.7‐ L

The fIn 2015, 44

The mRMS. The fof the physiwith the req

Figure

For ashows some

LMJPerfo

first LMJ expplasma expe

mean pointinfigure V.13 ics campaignquired energy

V.13: Histor

all the expere examples o

rmance

periments weriments wer

ng accuracy shows the hi

ns. The figurey. 75 % of th

ry of energy d

riments, the of pulse shap

Figure V.(Left

ere carried ore realized. A

of the quad istory of enee compares,

he shots deliv

delivered on

achieved pue (radiograph

V.14: Pulse sht: radiograph

out in OctobeAll revealed g

was 52 µm, ergy deliverefor all the sh

vered the req

target (mea

ulse shapes phy and heati

hapes of physhy pulse, Rig

CEA/DA

er 2014, withgood perform

and the beaed on the targhots, the meaquired energy

sured and re

present a goong pulse).

sics campaigght: heating p

AM ♦ LMJ-P

h the 8 initiamance of the

ams synchronget for all thasured energyy with less th

equired) for 2

od reproduci

gn on LMJ pulse)

LMJ LA

PETAL User

al beams (28 whole syste

nization washe shots (201y (for one or

han10 % disc

2014 and 20

ibility. The

ASER SYSTEM

Guide ♦ 19

U and 28L).em.

about 80 ps14 and 2015)r two quads),crepancy.

015 shots

Figure V.14

M

9

.

s ) ,

4

Page 26: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VI‐ PETA

VI.1‐ The P

Optical Parmade for th

Figurthe place ofof the targetchamber via

The fpulse at 77.passes. TheThe OPA scwith a shot-

The Psingle 37 ×amplifier labandwidth iare the wav

The atmosphereoutput mirrcompressedThese sub-displacemen

The fpointing mithis will reslinear verticsegmented studied in d

AL

LaserSysPETAL desiametric Ampe high-energ

re VI.1 showf a LMJ bundt bay, and afa an off-axis

The PE

front end con.76 MHz anden the pulse cheme consis-to-shot stabi

PETAL amp× 35.6 cm2 baser slabs arris reduced toefront and ch

compression, reduces theor is segmen

d and synchro-apertures ants for each s

focusing systirror (see Figsult in intenscal. Due to pointing mir

detail if requi

Focusing p

stemign is basedplification (O

gy LMJ facili

ws the implemdle in the Soufter a transpoparabolic m

Fig. VI.1ETAL beam

nsists in a stad 1053 nm wis sent to thsts of two caility of less th

plifier sectiobeam. It is a ranged in twoo 3 nm and dhromatism co

n scheme ise pulse duratinted in orderonized into tare coherensub-aperture

tem consists gure VI.3). Tsities above the 4 sub-a

rror could reired.

parabola

d on the ChiOPA) [49-52ity allowing

mentation of uth-East laseort under vac

mirror.

: Implementais focused in

andard Ti:sapwavelength. he Pre-Ampliascaded LBOhan 2 % has

on has the safour-pass-sy

o sets and deduration to 1orrections [5

a two-stagion from 1.7r to divide ththe second cotly added . The pulse d

in an off-axhe focal leng1020 W/cm2

apertures of edirect the b

Co

irped Pulse 2]. Moreoverit to reach th

f PETAL in ter bay. The ccuum, the be

ation of PETn the equator

pphire modeThe pulse isifier Module

O crystals andbeen demon

ame architecystem with aelivering up 1.7 ns. The m52].

ge system (s7 ns to 350 pshe initial beaompressor inusing the

duration is ad

xis parabolic gth is 7.8 meon target. Tthe beam [5

beams toward

LMJ bundle

ompression sta

CEA/DA

Amplificatior, it takes thhe kilojoules

the LMJ facicompressor seam is focuse

TAL in the LMrial plane of

e locked oscis stretched toe (PAM) incd a BBO crysnstrated on th

cture as the angular multto 6 kJ. At tmain differen

see Figure Vs in an equivam into 4 subn a single pasegmented djustable fro

mirror with eters, and theThe polarizati55], a multids up to 4 s

es

ages

AM ♦ LMJ-P

on (CPA) tee benefits oflevel.

ility. The PEstages are situed in the equ

MJ facility. the target ch

llator delivero 9 ns in an cluding OPAstal. A 150 mhe LIL facilit

LIL/LMJ amtiplexing andhis stage, dunces with th

VI.2). The fvalent doubleb-apertures w

ass configuramirror withm 0.5 to 10 p

a 90° deviate focal spot gion of the PE-beam optioeparate focu

PETAL

PETAL LA

PETAL User

echnique comf the laser de

ETAL beamluated at the b

uatorial plane

hamber

ring 3 nJ /10Öffner stretc

A stages and mJ amplifiedty [50, 51].

mplifier secd a Reverserue to gain nahe LIL/LMJ

first compree pass configwhich are in

ation under vh three intps.

tion angle, fogoal is a 50 µETAL beam

on could be uses. This op

beamline

ASER SYSTEM

Guide ♦ 20

mbined withevelopments

ine occupiesbottom levele of the LMJ

00 fs / 16 nmcher in eightpump laser.signal pulse

tion using ar. It uses 16

arrowing, thepower chain

essor, in airguration. Thendependentlyvacuum [54].terferometric

ollowed by aµm diameter,

m on target isavailable: a

ption will be

M

0

h s

s l J

m t . e

a 6 e n

r e y . c

a , s a e

Page 27: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

Figure VI.2

Figure V

The Pgratings in [56], and thdamage thre2 J/cm² commirrors wiincrease thiexplored.

1.7 ns6 kJ

2: Compresso

VI.3: PETAL

PETAL perfoorder to imp

he groove proeshold abovempared to thill first limitis value and

s J

Segmen

or stages witin v

beam and L

ormance depprove their sofile of PETe 4 J/cm² in t

he 4 J/cm² spt the availab

the intensit

nted mirror

1

th a subapertvacuum with

LMJ bundles

pends on the strength. TheAL multilaythe ps rangepecified valuble energy oty on target.

3504.4

1st stage

ture compres4 independe

in the South-

damage three effect of e

yer dielectric . But in fact,

ue required fon target at

Several way

0 ps kJ

2n

CEA/DA

ssion schemeent compress

-East laser b

eshold of optelectric field

gratings has, the transpofor a 3 kJ oua ~1 kJ levys of improv

500 fs3 kJ

d stage

Off-axisparabola

AM ♦ LMJ-P

e: first stage ors

bay, and PET

tics. Great efon damages

s been optimrt mirrors mautput level. el. New techvement are i

Vacuum

D

s a

PETAL LA

PETAL User

in air and se

TAL focusing

fforts have bes has been d

mized in ordemay not sustai

Therefore, hnologies areidentified an

m compressor

Diagnostics ro

P

A

ASER SYSTEM

Guide ♦ 21

econd stage

g scheme

een made ondemonstrateder to obtain ain more thanthe current

e required tond are being

oom

Pointing mirror

Alignment mirror

M

n d a n t o g

Page 28: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VI.2‐

The Pafter the co1.2 PW. PE

Next laser shots wDecember 2

In par

In 20the laser perchamber.

PETALPe

Petawatt capompressor. OETAL becam

step aimed awere carried2015.

rallel, the fir

016, the nextrformance an

erforman

pacity was deOn May 29th

e the most po

at transportind out in the ta

rst associated

t steps of thend an upgrad

Figu

ce

emonstrated h 2015, PETowerful laser

ng and focusarget chambe

d LMJ and PE

e laser commde of the bea

ure VI-4: Ma

with severaTAL delivere

r beam in the

sing the PETer on a calor

ETAL laser

missioning coam spatial pr

ain PETAL la

CEA/DA

al shots in 20ed 846 J in 0e world, in th

AL beam intrimeter and a

shot in the L

oncern a morrofile in orde

aser shots in

AM ♦ LMJ-P

015 with the0.7 ps correhe high energ

to LMJ targeachieved 635

LMJ target ch

re comprehener to increase

2015

PETAL LA

PETAL User

e diagnosticsesponding togy lasers cat

et chamber. F5 J at 0.7 ps

hamber was p

nsive charace the energy

ASER SYSTEM

Guide ♦ 22

located just a power ofegory.

Five PETAL(0.9 PW) on

performed.

cterization ofin the target

M

2

t f

L n

f t

Page 29: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VII‐ TargAs sh

are 8 floorFigure VII.1

The rpart of the pSID (Systempositioning precision. SSIDs are decan be positdiagnostics cannot be pbe used also

DiagnVII.5.b). Thconnected tmeans of tra

The pSystem (TPSID are listMS9) being

The dchamber po

getAreahown previous. A detaile1.

radius of LMplasma diagnm for Insertiof a diagnos

SIDs are provesigned for itioned on powhich use positioned on

o with electro

nostics are ihis box is uso the target cansportation

port locationPS) and cryogted in the Tag reserved for

diagnostics orts for fixed

SID

TPS

RH

Cryo

andAssously in Figur

ed CAD of

MJ target chamnostics are pion of Diagnstic close to tvided on sevgnition expe

olar axis, andpassive detecn polar axis. Nonic detector

inserted in ted to transfechamber (Dinamed inter

ns of the tagenic TPS, Sable VII.1. Tr DMX Broa

manipulatorsdiagnostics

Figure

Robot

TPS

ociatedEre IV.1, the tathe target ch

mber is 5 meositioned ins

nostics). A Sthe center ofveral differeneriments, thed use only electors due to eNeverthelessrs. About 10

the SID wither diagnosticiagnostics, SIrvention vehi

arget chambSOPAC viewThree Specifiadband time-

s locations aexist and ma

e VII.1: CAD

SID

Equipmenarget bay arehamber with

eters. Beam side the targeID is a two-

f target chamnt port locat

ey provide thectronic deteelectromagns, PETAL SISIDs are env

h the help os from and tID, BTDP, Ticle (see figu

er equipmenwing stationsic Mechanism-resolved spe

are schematay be conside

D of the final

SID

TARGET

CEA/DA

ntea occupies th the major

and diagnoset chamber w-stage telesco

mber. It posititions. Two khe best positiectors; the PEnetic perturbaIDs are compvisioned for

of a diagnosto the mainteTPS, etc.) areure VII.5b).

nt (Referencs) and the poms ports areectrometer.

ically drawnered for futur

stage of targ

T AREA AND A

AM ♦ LMJ-P

the central patarget bay

tic ports covwith the helpoping systemions 150-kg

kinds of SIDsioning accurETAL SIDs ations inducepatible with Lthe LMJ.

stic transfer enance labore moved with

ce Holder (Rssible port loalso availab

n in Figure re diagnostic

get area

S

Air

ASSOCIATED

PETAL User

art of the buiequipment

ver the full sup of a manipm that providdiagnostic ws are availabracy for imagare dedicate

ed by PETALMJ diagnos

box (BTDPratory. All heh the help of

RH), Target ocations for ble, 2 of them

VII.3. Addics developme

SID

SID

rlock

D EQUIPMENT

Guide ♦ 23

ilding. Thereis shown in

urface. Mostulator called

des a precisewith a 50-µmble: the LMJging system,

ed to PETALL shots, andstics and can

P, see figureeavy devicesf a dedicated

Positioningthe differentm (MS8 and

tional targetents.

T

3

e n

t d e

m J ,

L d n

e s d

g t d

t

Page 30: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

TARGET AREA AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 24

Port Remark

Target chamber equipment

RH 90° 238.5° Reference holder

TPS 90° 255.5° Target Positioning System

Cryo TPS 90° 220.5° Cryogenic TPS, unavailable

SOPAC 16° 9° Target viewing station

SOPAC 24° 243° Target viewing and lighting station

SOPAC 90° 13.5° Target viewing station

SOPAC 90° 103.5° Target viewing station

SOPAC 90° 193.5° Target viewing station

SOPAC 90° 283.5° Target viewing station

SOPAC 164° 9° Target viewing and lighting station

SOPAC 164° 189° Target viewing station

Diagnostics manipulators

S1 16° 333° Close to polar axis, dedicated to UPXI diagnostic

S2 164° 279° Close to polar axis, dedicated to LPXI diagnostic

S3 16° 153° Close to polar axis, unavailable

S5 90° 112.5° Unavailable

S7 164° 99° Close to polar axis, laser injection and collection for EOS Pack

S12 90° 148.5°

S16 90° 58.5°

S17 0° 0° Polar axis

S20 90° 292.5° Optical system of EOS pack

S22 90° 328.5° SPECTIX diagnostic, Opposite S12

S26 90° 180° SEPAGE diagnostic

Specific mechanisms

MS 8 24° 99° DMX position 1

MS 9 70° 72° DMX position 2

MS 18 90° 222° Activation diagnostic, unavailable

SESAME 1 90° 166.5° SESAME diagnostic position 1

SESAME 2 90° 121.5° SESAME diagnostic position 2

Table VII.1: Spherical coordinate of target chamber equipment and diagnostics manipulators. The unavailable locations for experiments in 2019 are indicated

Figure VII.2 : Reference holder and Target positioning system

Page 31: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

Figure

S2

S20 (90°

Neutro

VII.3:3D vie

22 (90°, 328.5

°, 292.5°)

on line

ew of the SIDS1 an

S7 is dedica

Figure V

S2 (164°, 2

S1 (

°)

Ds location ond S2 are dedted to laser i

VII.4: View of

279°)

°

(16°, 333°)

n the target cdicated to Poinjection and

of the upper p

S17 (0°, 0°)

TARGET

CEA/DA

chamber. S3olar X-ray imd collection f

part of the ta

S3 (16°,

S7 (16

T AREA AND A

AM ♦ LMJ-P

and S5 are umagers, for EOS Pack

arget bay

S26 (90°, 18

153°)

64°, 99°)

ASSOCIATED

PETAL User

unavailable

k

80°)

90°

S12 (90°, 14

S5 (90°

S16 (90°, 58.

D EQUIPMENT

Guide ♦ 25

in 2019.

8.5°)

°, 112.5°)

.5°)

T

5

Page 32: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

and DiagnosFigur

stic transfer re VII.5: Phobox (BTDP)

otographs of f) on interven

Intervention

TARGET

CEA/DA

f first LMJ SIDtion vehicle c

n vehicle

T AREA AND A

AM ♦ LMJ-P

ID (a) connected to

BTDP

ASSOCIATED

PETAL User

o the SID (b)

(b

D EQUIPMENT

Guide ♦ 26

b)

(a)

T

6

Page 33: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

LMJ DIAGNOSTICS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 27

VIII‐ LMJDiagnosticsOver 30 diagnostics are considered on LMJ with high spatial, temporal and spectral resolution in the

optical, X-ray, and nuclear domains. Development plan for LMJ diagnostics began with LIL laser facility and rely on decades of expertise in the design, fabrication and commissioning of advanced plasma diagnostics. The OMEGA laser facility has also been used and will continue to be the test bed for the development of CEA nuclear diagnostics. The early diagnostics, designed using the feedback of LIL’s diagnostics, consist of:

• seven hard and soft X-ray imaging systems (30 eV to 15 keV range) with a 15 to 150 μm spatial resolution and a 30 to 120 ps time resolution, providing over 40 imaging channels,

• a diagnostic set for hohlraum temperature measurements including an absolutely calibrated broadband X-ray spectrometer (30 eV - 20 keV), a grating spectrometer, a time resolved imaging system of the emitting area,

• an absolutely calibrated broadband X-ray spectrometer (30 eV - 7 keV),

• a time resolved high resolution X-ray spectrometer (1 - 15 keV) coupled to a framing camera,

• a time integrated hard X-ray spectrometer (6 - 100 keV),

• an optical diagnostic set dedicated to EOS measurements including 2 VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector), 2 SBO (Shock Break Out), a pyrometer and a reflectivity measurement,

• a Full Aperture Backscatter System, and a Near Backscatter Imager to measure the power, spectrum, and angular distribution of backscattered light to determine the laser energy balance,

• two electron spectrometers (5 - 150 MeV),

• a charged particles spectrometer for electrons (0.1 - 150 MeV) and ions (0.1 - 200 MeV) including an imaging module for proton radiography,

• a neutron pack, to measure neutron yield, ion temperature and neutron bang time.

Companion Table-top laser facilities [57] or X-ray sources [58] are used to perform metrology of the X-ray diagnostics before any plasma experiment.

Diagnostics development takes into account the harsh environment [28, 59] which will be encountered on LMJ, as well as the electromagnetic perturbations induced by PETAL [60].

VIII.1‐ X‐rayImagersThe development of grazing-incidence X-ray microscopes is one of the skills of CEA diagnostics

development laboratory. On LMJ, debris [61] and X-ray production [28] impose to place any imager as far away from the source as possible, which would degrade the spatial resolution. Grazing incidence X-ray microscopes allow overpassing this limitation. Compared to standard pinhole imagers, they offer also the best solution in terms of resolution versus signal to noise ratio. The design of LMJ X-ray imagers benefits from years of expertise either on OMEGA [62] or LIL X-ray imagers [63, 64].

Four of these imagers, either gated (GXI-1 and GXI-2) or streaked (SHXI and SSXI), share a common mechanical structure (see Figure VIII.1) with the X-ray optical assembly itself, a telescopic extension and the optical analyzer (X-ray framing camera or streak camera) working inside an air box mechanical structure (see Figure VIII.2) [65].

Two others (UPXI and LPXI) are dedicated to the observation of the LEHs from the upper and lower poles of the chamber. A last one (ERHXI) offers an enhanced spatial resolution with the help of channels including two toroidal mirrors.

The main characteristics of the first seven X-ray Imagers are described in Table VIII.1.

Page 34: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

Diagnostics

GXI-1 Gated X-ray (high resolut

GXI-2 Gated X-ray (medium reso

SHXI Streaked HarImager (med

SSXI Streaked SoftImager (high

UPXI Upper Pole X

LPXI Lower Pole X

Specif

ERHXI Enhanced ReHard X-ray I

& Setting

Imager tion)

SID

Imager olution)

SID

rd X-ray dium resol.)

SID

ft X-ray h resolution)

SID

X-ray Imager

X-ray Imager

fic mechanics

esolution Imager

SID

Tab

Fig

> 5

Ch

Magn

2x4 time-res

4 pin

1 time-integ

Magn

2x4 time-res

4 X-ray refr

1 time-integ

Magnif

1 time-reso

1 time-integ

Magnif

1 time-resol

1 time-integr

Spectral s

1 pi

Passive deteMagnif. = 2

Optional camMagnif. =

Mag

8 time-resol

ble VIII.1: LM

gure VIII.1: C

50 cm

X

haracteristics

nification = 4

solved toroidachannels

nhole channel

grated mirror

nification = 0

solved toroidachannels

ractive lenses

grated mirror

ification = 1 o

olved toroidalchannels

grated mirror

ification = 1 o

lved bi-toroidachannel

rated bi-toroidchannel

selection by g

inhole channe

ector to 5

CID d

Imag

mera 6

Streak

Framin

gnification = 1

lved bi-toroidachannels

MJ X-ray Im

Common me

X-ray optassemb

X-ray Imager

Sp

4.3

al mirror 0

ls 2

channel 0

0.9

al mirror 0

channels

channel 0

or 3

l mirror 0

channel 5

or 3

al mirror 0.

dal mirror 0.

grating

el

detector

ge Plate

k camera

ng camera

12

al mirror 0

magers acrony

echanical stru

Telescopic e

tics ly

CEA/DA

rs

pectral range

0.5 - 10 keV

2 - 15 keV

0.5 - 10 keV

0.5 - 10 keV

6 - 15 keV

0.5 - 10 keV

0.5 - 10 keV

5 - 10 keV

05 - 1.5 keV

05 - 1.5 keV

> 3 keV

0.5 - 13 keV

nyms and thei

ucture of som

extension

AM ♦ LMJ-P

Spatial resol. Field of view

35 / 3

40 / 3

50 / 5

150 / 15

150 / 15

140 / 20

150 / 15 or 5

130 / 20 or 5

30 / 5 or 50

30 / 5 or 50

80 / 12 to 6

80 / 50 to 65

65 / 2

5 - 10 /

ir main char

me LMJ X-ra

Opti

X-raystre

LMJ D

PETAL User

(µm) / w (mm)

TimeDyn

110

110

w

5 110

5 110

0 w

50 / 5 17 / 2

50 / 6.5 w

0 / 15 17 / 2

0 / 15 w

65 / 5 w

5 / 25

17/2

110

1 110

racteristics

ay imagers

ical analyzer

ay framing or eak camera

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 28

resol. (ps) / namic (ns)

0 - 130 / 20

0 - 130 / 20

without

0 - 130 / 20

0 - 130 / 20

without

2 to 120 / 25

without

2 to 120 / 25

without

without

to 120 / 25

0 - 130 / 20

0 - 130 / 20

S

8

Page 35: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

Streak tube

Air boxmechani

structur

Figure VIII.

e

Fram

x cal re

2: Current d

ming tube

CCD Camera(common)

design of LM

HV puw

a

CEA/DA

MJ optical ana

ulse generatorwith PFM

Electronic package

AM ♦ LMJ-P

alyzers [65]

r

Hermeconnec

LMJ D

PETAL User

etic ctors

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 29

S

9

Page 36: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.1

The fIt is dedicat

The Ggated microeight consisconsisting ochannel stri

GXI-by target decolumn of fray emissiondetector wit

GXI-area and ass

Protectiholder

1.1‐GXI‐1,

first LMJ X-ted to X-ray r

GXI-1 incoro channel plsting of graziof pinholes wplines.

-1 also includebris and UVfour images n with time th a fast time

-1 is set up isociated equi

1 wi

ve r

Optical fram

GatedX‐ra

-ray imager Gradiography

rporates a mlate detectoring angle-of-with a filter.

des a three-fiV radiation. Aon the detectintegration a

e response is

in the target ipment).

Figure

integrated chith toroidal m

e

Filteholde

ayImager(h

GXI-1 recordof target mo

microscope wr (ARGOS d-incidence mEach image

ilm protectivA filter holdtor. A CID cand also contmounted clo

chamber by

VIII.3: Deta

Figure V

hannel mirrors

Trs er

highresolu

ds time-resolotion and to h

with large sodetector). Th

mirrors [66-69e of the twel

ve holder to pder is dedicacamera, impltrols internalose to the fra

a SID (Syst

ils of the acq

VIII.4: Photo

2 x 4 ch

+ 4

Telescopic mec

CEA/DA

ution)

lved 2D imahard X-ray ta

ource-to-optiche microscop9] and a filteve X-ray ch

protect opticated to selectlemented clol alignment oaming camera

tem for Inser

quisition cha

ograph of GX

annels with to

4 channels wit

chanical struc

AM ♦ LMJ-P

age in the hararget emissio

c distance (6pe includes

er, and four sannels is pro

al componena broad ban

ose to the maof the diagnoa to provide

rtion of Diag

nnels of GXI

XI-1

AR

CID came

oroidal mirror

h pinholes

cture

LMJ D

PETAL User

rd X-ray speon [53].

61 cm) and twelve X-ra

straight-throuoduced along

nts from damnd energy raain detector, ostic. A phota fiducial.

gnostics, see

XI-1

RGOS detecto

era

rs

Framing (inside the

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 30

ectral region.

a large sizeay channels:ugh channelsg four micro

mages causedange on eachmonitors X-

toconductive

e VII. Target

r

camera e airbox)

S

0

.

e : s o

d h -e

t

Page 37: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.1

The son a large fi

The Gsize gated mray channelchannels coalong four m

GXI-by target decolumn of fX-ray emisphotocondufiducial.

GXI-

1.2‐GXI‐2,

second X-rayfield of view.

GXI-2 incorpmicro channels: eight cononsisting of rmicro channe

-2 also includebris and UVfour images ssion with

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VIII.5: Deta

Figure VIII.6

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II. Target are

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channels with

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ge in the harms pointing [

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close to the alignment

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nts from damnd energy ramain detectof the di

ing camera t

iated equipm

XI-2

ors

lenses

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Opticaframe

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 31

ectral region,

) and a largees twelve X-ight-throughis produced

mages causedange on eachor, monitorsagnostic. Ato provide a

ment).

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Page 38: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.1

The sIt is dedicat

The incidence tocamera whi

As Gdamages ca

SHXI

VIII.1

The sin the soft Xetc.) and sof

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The othat can be for improvin

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SSXI

1.3‐SHXI,S

streaked X-rated to X-ray r

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I is set up in

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Figure VII

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assembly anheme of the

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hich is a large with two ch

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camera

irrors nd 3)

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 32

ectral region.

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Page 39: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

Figure VI

VIII.8: Detailscommute be

s of the acqutween a spec

Figure

uisition channctrally resolv

VIII.9: Deta

Blast shielmirror

nels of SSXI.ved imager a

ails of SSXI d

2 channeand 2 m

ld

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AM ♦ LMJ-P

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PETAL User

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DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 33

n order to

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Page 40: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.1

The U1D image, iposition andand time-res

The imaximum ta

ThesePETAL expof 50 ps or A

These

VIII.1

The eray spectralof small siz

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andLPXI,U

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Figure VIII.

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or Image pith a tempor

mechanics.

2D image in y or hard X-r

size gated m each consiseight X-ray

Wolter-like cokeV.

mponents fro

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 34

solved 2D orlaser beams:

get positions,

um foil. Theor 6).

plate (IP) foral resolution

the hard X-ray emission

micro channelsting of 0.6°channels is

onfiguration.

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Page 41: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

ERHX

VIII.2Four

channels, an

The m

Diagnostics

DMX Broad-band Xspectrometer

Specif

Mini-DMX Broad-band Xspectrometer

HRXS High ResolutSpectrometer

SPECTIX Hard X-ray s

XI is set up i

F

2‐ X‐raySpX-ray spectr

nd the other

main charact

& Setting

X-ray r

fic mechanics

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SID

tion X-ray r

SID

spectrometer SID

Table

in the target

Figure VIII.

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teristics of th

Cha

20 time-re

Grating X

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Slit ma

4 time-resol

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1 time-inTransmissio

VIII.2: LMJ

chamber by

11: Details o

etersavailable onstals for high

he first four X

X-ra

aracteristics

esolved broad-channels

X-ray spectrom<1Å

rance Hole Im

-ray Power

esolved broad-channels

agnification =

lved crystal ch

-integrated crynnels (CID )

ntegrated chanon/refraction c

J X-ray Spect

a SID (see V

of the acquis

n the LMJ; twh spectral res

X-ray Spectro

ay Spectrome

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d-band 0.0

meter 0.11

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02.04.0

d-band 0.

3

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6

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8 ch2 tor

CEA/DA

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wo of them asolution.

ometers are d

eters

ectral rangeesol. E/E)

03 - 20 keV (5)

1 - 1.5 keV .5 - 4 keV

0.5 - 2 keV

0.1 - 2 keV 0 - 4.0 keV 0 - 6.0 keV

03 - 7 keV (5)

1 - 15 keV (~500)

- 100 keV (>100)

ronyms and t

hannels with oidal mirrors

AM ♦ LMJ-P

rea and assoc

els of ERHXI

are constitute

described in

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- / 5

100 / 5

- / 5

- / 5

70 (1D) /

without

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A

LMJ D

PETAL User

ciated equipm

I

ed of 16 or 2

Table VIII.2

(µm) / w (mm)

TimeDyn

1

17 / 2

5 5

1

1

/ 5 110

w

t w

haracteristic

ARGOS detec

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 35

ment).

0 broadband

2.

resol. (ps) / namic (ns)

150 / 105

2 to 120 / 25

500 / 20

150 / 105

150 / 105

– 130 / 20

without

without

cs

ctor

S

5

d

Page 42: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.2

DMXcomposed o

a m

a t a t a t

Besidchannels cbacklighterssynchrotron

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DMX

2.1–DMX,

X is a primof a set of fou

time resolvemirror, filters

time resolvetime resolvetime resolve

de standard ould be ads [70-72]. Hn beam lines

tilayer mirr73].

X is set up in

Broad‐ban

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ed soft X-rayand X-ray did soft X-ray d soft X-ray d X-ray pow

soft X-ray dapted for sHowever, a(synchrotron

rors with a

the target ch

Figure V

Fig

dX‐raySpe

nostic for hcs:

y large band iodes, spectrometelaser entranc

wer measurem

measuremespecific pur

as those men SOLEIL at

adjusted spe

hamber at fix

VIII.12: Deta

gure VIII.13:

ectrometer

hohlraum en

spectromete

er with gratince hole imag

ment spectral

ents devotedrpose, such easurements t Saint Aubin

ectral band

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LMJ D

PETAL User

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or flat-respo

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 36

s [28]. It is

s combining

ation of theerization of

metrology onn advance.

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6

s

g

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Page 43: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.2

Mini-

This detectors. Itassociated e

VIII.2

The Hopacity mea

It cantimes in onspectral rancylindrical cdebris shield

Two chamber. D

2.2‐Mini‐D

-DMX is a se

diagnostic t is positioneequipment). T

Figure VI

2.3–HRXS,

High Resoluasurements).

n be outfittedne spectral ranges. On eacconcave crysd made of th

alignment mDistance of tar

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is composeed at its workThis diagnos

Fig

VIII.15: Mini-

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ution X-ray The central

d with one brange or withch side, thestals. The fro

hree filter rol

modules are inrget to front

d‐bandX‐ra

aum energeti

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gure VIII.14:

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lutionX‐ra

Spectrometebody is asso

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ncluded in thend is 250 m

aySpectrom

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roadband che (1000 mm

MX, is absolu

Details of m

ostic position

aySpectrom

er is dedicatociated with a

rical concaves in order toral spectromhe spectrome

he setup. Thimm, distance

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meter

nce measurem

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ned at worki

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meter body weters includes

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LMJ D

PETAL User

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with SID

NLTE spectrARGOS (4 ch

four frames acrystal and tdetector andth collimatio

by a SID insiabout 1000 m

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 37

acility.

and coaxialrget area and

roscopy andhannels).

at 4 differentwo differentd with threeon slits and a

ide the targetmm.

S

7

l d

d

t t e a

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Page 44: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.2

The broad-band [42, 43]. SP

The transmissionrefraction ppositions ofwith the sizthe backgrowith the hel

SPEC

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PECTIX is de

concept ofn/refraction

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CTIX is set u

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GOS flange

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ris-shield

Collimator

Alignment la

Figure

TIX,HardX

pectrometer ers (DMX). edicated to K

f SPECTIX(transmissiothe crystal as with their llimator provn such type oCarlo simula

up in the targ

ure VIII.17:

camera

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r and Magnets

aser D

e VIII.16: De

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K shell spectr

X is based on Cauchoisare combineenergies. In

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get chamber b

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rometer

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eter body

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PETAL User

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mization wer

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with slits filter rolls)

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 38

ary with theAL+ project

tal used inlimator. Thecorrelate ther convolutedntributors to

re performed

uipment).

S

8

e t

n e e d o d

Page 45: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

LMJ DIAGNOSTICS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 39

VIII.3‐ OpticalDiagnostics

The optical diagnostics of the LMJ are composed of a diagnostic set for EOS measurements and two diagnostics for laser energy balance.

The main characteristics of the three optical diagnostics are described in Table VIII.3.

Optical Diagnostics

Diagnostics & Setting

Characteristics Measurement or

Spectral range (nm) Spatial resol. (µm) / Field of view (mm)

Time resol. (ps) / Dynamic (ns)

EOS Pack Diagnostics set for EOS experiments

SID

2 VISARs (1064 and 532 nm)

Velocity 0.5 - 200 km/s30 / 1 to 50 / 5 50 / 5 to 500 / 100

Reflectivity R > 0.1

2 Shock Break Out (SBO) 490 - 750

30 / 1 to 100 / 10 50 / 5 to 500 / 100

Pyrometer Temperature > 0.1 eV

2 x 2D images 490 - 750 75 - 200 / 5 - 20

FABS Full Aperture Backscattering System

Focusing system quad 28U

Brillouin spectrometer < 0.05 nm

346 - 356

without

50 / 5 to 250 / 25 Raman spectrometer

< 5 nm 375 - 750

Time integrated calibration spectrometer

350 - 700 375 - 750

without / 5 to 25

3 Brillouin power channels < 360 250 / 25

2 Raman power channels 350 - 750

1,2,3 power channels 1053, 526, 351 500 / 25

NBI Near Backscatter Imager

Chamber wall quads 28U & 29U

2 Brillouin power channels 346 - 356 without 250 / 25

2 Raman power channels 375 - 750

Brillouin image 346 - 356 Angle : 2°/16°

Raman image 375 - 750 Angle : 2°/16°

Table VIII.3: LMJ Optical diagnostics acronyms and their main characteristics

VIII.3.1‐EOSPack

The development of the EOS Pack takes into account the feedback of the same kind of diagnostic that was in operation on the LIL facility [77]. This diagnostic combines an optical system, positioned close to the target with the help of a SID, an optical transport system and an analysis table.

The use of the EOS Pack requests the S20 location for the insertion of the optical system inside the chamber and the S7 location for laser injection, laser and self-emission collection.

The diagnostic (laser and optical analyzers) will be hardened and protected against EMP inside a Faraday cage. The goal is to be fully operational with PETAL so that simultaneous EOS measurements and side-on shock radiography may be possible.

The different acquisition channels are listed in the Table VIII.3: two VISAR at 532 nm and/or 1064 nm, two SBO/Pyrometer in the 490-750 nm range combined with 2 two-dimensional Gated Optical Imager (GOI).

Page 46: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.3

The Flater 29U). Tthe Raman-

The efilter, and toTCC. The doptical fiber

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Spect

2

2 SBO

O

Figure VI

3.2–FABS,

FABS is dedThe backscaBrillouin spe

ellipsoidal sco focus the ldetection modrs which tran

Brillouin (34esolution. In

chamber, bassembly.

tral and temp

VISAR

Optical system

VIII.18: EOS P

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dicated to anaattered energyectrometer.

cattering panlaser quadrupdule is positinsport signal

46.5 - 355.5 situ calibrat

behind a cha

poral charact

m

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Pack locatio

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alysis of bacy is collected

nel is locatedplet on targeioned at the sto spectrom

nm) and Ration of the d

amber vacuu

teristics are g

ansport

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atterSyste

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meters.

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given in Tabl

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750 nm) bas possible wat the oppos

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S7

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Faraday room

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PETAL User

able

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measured wcalibrated l

conversion a

m

S20

DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 40

let 28U (andl and send to

o deviate, tolipsoid is thedetection and

with a 100 psamp located

and focusing

S

0

d o

o e d

s d g

Page 47: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.3

The Ncones of quSpectralon®ranges are a

The N

9 po

anpa4 b

an2

A cal

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ompletes the

rsion anical

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, with 4 dioasurements).

to illuminate

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DIAGNOSTICS

Guide ♦ 41

the focusingm looking atand Brillouin

nd the beam

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mages), and

ivity.

et

S

g t n

m

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d

Page 48: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

VIII.4

The Pspectromete

The m

Diagnostic

Neutron PacActivation andiagnostics

Inside anthe targe

SEPAGE Electron andspectrometer

SESAME1 &Electron spe

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4- ParticleParticles diagers for electro

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LMJ DIAGNOSTICS

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 45

VIII.5‐ DiagnosticsinConceptualDesignPhaseBeside the eighteen diagnostics described in the previous sections, eight other diagnostics have been

identified for the next years and are under design.

The future LMJ diagnostics in conceptual design phase include:

two spatially resolved spectrometers (soft and hard X-ray);

a gated soft X-ray imager;

a broad band spectrometer (second miniDMX);

a second FABS on Q29U;

two high resolution hard X-ray imagers;

a Thomson scattering diagnostic.

Page 52: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

FIRST EXPERIMENTAL CONFIGURATION

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 46

IX‐ ExperimentalConfigurationfor2019

IX.1‐ LaserBeamsCharacteristicsAt the beginning of 2019, the experimental configuration of the LMJ facility will include 7 bundles

(14 quads) and the PETAL beam. The spherical coordinate of these beams and the angles between the quads and PETAL are given in Table X.1.

Beam Port Angle vs. PETAL

5U 49° 135° 130.1°

5L 146.8° 135° 117.8°

10U 49° 207° 125.0°

10L 146.8° 207° 114.6°

11U 33.2° 225° 106.6°

11L 131° 225° 113.2°

17U 33.2° 297° 69.2°

17L 131° 297° 60.6°

18U 49° 279° 73.2°

18L 146.8° 279° 77.9°

28U 33.2° 81° 92.5°

28L 131° 81° 93.4°

29U 49° 63° 79.9°

29L 146.8° 63° 82.7°

PETAL 90° 346.5°

Table IX.1: Angle of the LMJ quads and PETAL beam in 2019

The CPP Type A (see section V.4) will be available for all quads, the CPP Type D will be available for 4 quads, and the CPP Type E and F will be available for 2 quads.

Concerning the Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion, the 2 GHz modulation will be activated for all shots, and the 14 GHZ modulation will be activated if required.

IX.2‐ TargetBayEquipmentAbout 10 SIDs are envisioned for LMJ but at the beginning of 2019, only 4 of them will be available:

1 LMJ SID and 3 PETAL SIDs.

According to the first LMJ-PETAL configuration, the ILP has chosen in 2012 the preferred SID locations for the PETAL diagnostics. As a consequence and for sake of minimizing the number of Facility reconfiguration, the operational positions available in the 2019-2020 timeframe will be:

S12, S16, S20, S22, S26 in the equatorial plane for the 3 PETAL SIDs,

S17 close to the polar axis for LMJ SID.

The proposed experimental configurations should take these constraints into account.

The available LMJ diagnostics at the beginning of 2019 will be: GXI-1, GXI-2, SHXI, SSXI, UPXI, ULXI, ERHXI, DMX, Mini-DMX, HRXS, SPECTIX, EOS Pack, FABS, NBI, Neutron Pack, SEPAGE, SESAME 1&2.

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X‐ Targe

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Page 54: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

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Page 55: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

REFERENCES

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 49

XI‐ References[1] P. Monot et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (15), p.2953 (1995) [2] M. Schnürer et al, J. Appl. Phys. 80 (10), 5604, (1996) [3] G. Malka et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (11), 2053, (1997) [4] T. Feurer et al, Phys Rev E 56 (4), 4608, (1997) [5] J. Fuchs et al, Phys Rev Lett 80, 1658, (1998) [6] J. Fuchs et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (11), 2326, (1998) [7] E. Lefebvre et al, Phys. Plasmas 5, 2701 (1998) [8] P. Gibbon et al, Phys. Plasmas 6, 947 (1999) [9] R.L. Berger et al, Phys. Plasmas 6, 1043 (1999) [10] A. Chiron et al, Euro. Phys. Journal D 6, 383 (1999) [11] C. Cherfils et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5507 (1999) [12] Th. Schlegel et al, Phys. Rev. E 60, 2209 (1999) [13] L. Gremillet et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5015 (1999) [14] A. MacKinnon et al, Phys. Plasmas 6, 2185 (1999) [15] J. Fuchs, Phys. of Plasmas 6 (6), 2563, (1999) [16] Ph. Mounaix et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4526 (2000) [17] G. Glendinning et al, Phys. Plasmas 7, 2033 (2000) [18] V.N. Goncharov et al, Phys. Plasmas 7 (12), 5118 (2000) [19] G. Glendinning et al, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Series 127, 325 (2000) [20] O. Willi et al, Nucl. Fusion 40, 537 (2000) [21] C. Courtois et al, JOSA B, 17, (5), 864, (2000) [22] B. Cros et al, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 28 (4), 1071, (2000) [23] M. Borghesi et al, Laser and particle beams 18, 389 (2000) [24] J. Kuba et al, Phys. Rev. A 62, 043808, (2000) [25] A. Benuzzi-Mounaix et al, Astrophysics and Space Science 277 (1), 143 (2001) [26] E. Dattolo et al, Phys. Plasmas 8, 260 (2001) [27] D. Batani et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (23), 235502 (2002) [28] J.L. Bourgade et al, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 10F301 (2008) [29] A. Morace et al, Phys. Plasmas, vol.16, 12,122701 (2009) [30] Y. Inubushi et al, Phys. Rev. E 81 (3), 036410 (2010) [31] S. Jacquemot et al, Nucl. Fusion 51, 094025 (2011) [32] G. Schurtz et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (9), 095002 (2007) [33] L. Videau et al, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 50, 12, 124017 (2008) [34] S. Depierreux et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, vol. 19, 195005 (2009) [35] C. Labaune et al, J. Phys. Conf. Series 244, 2, 022021 (2010) [36] A. Casner et al, J. Phys. Conf. Series 244, 3, 032042 (2010) [37] A. Benuzzi-Mounaix et al, Physica Scripta T161, 014060 (2014) [38] C. Lion, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 244, 012003 (2010) [39] N. Blanchot et al., EPJ Web of Conferences 59, 07001 (2013) [40] F. Philippe et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (3), 035004 (2010) [41] S. Laffite and P. Loiseau, Phys. Plasmas 17 (10), 102704 (2010) [42] J.E. Ducret et al, Nuclear Instrum. Methods in Physics Research A 720,141 (2013) [43] D. Batani et al, Physica Scripta T161, 014016 (2014) [44] A. Le Cain, G. Riazzuelo and J.M. Sajer, Phys. Plasmas 19 (10), 102704 (2012). [45] G. Duchateau, Opt. Express 18 (17), p.10434-10456 (2010) [46] O. Morice, Optical Enginneering 42 (6), p.1530-1541 (2003) [47] X. Julien et al., Proc. SPIE 7916, p.79610 (2011)

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REFERENCES

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 50

[48] V. Brandon et al, Nuclear Fusion 54 (8), 083016 (2014) [49] N. Blanchot et al, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 50 124045 (2008) [50] E. Hugonnot et al, Appl. Opt. 45 (2), p.377-382 (2006) [51] E. Hugonnot et al, Appl. Opt. 46 (33), p.8181-8187 (2007) [52] C. Rouyer, Opt. Express, 15 2019-2032 (2007) [53] R. Rosch et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 033706 (2016) [54] N Blanchot, Opt. Express, 18 10088-10097 (2010) [55] N Blanchot, Appl. Opt. 45 (23), p.6013-6021 (2006) [56] J. Néauport et al, Opt. Express, 15 12508-12522 (2007) [57] C. Reverdin et al, Rev Sci Instrum, 79 (10), 10E932 (2008) [58] S. Hubert et al, Rev Sci Instrum, 81 (5), 053501 (2008) [59] J. Baggio et al., Fusion Engineering and Design, vol. 86, p.2762 (2011). [60] J. L. Dubois et al., Phys. Rev. E 89 (3), 013102 (2014). [61] D. Eder et al, Nuclear Fusion 53 (11), 113037 (2013) [62] J.L. Bourgade et al,. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 10E904 (2008) [63] R. Rosch et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78 (3), 033704 (2007) [64] J.P. LeBreton et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 (10), 10F530 (2006) [65] T. Beck et al., IEEE Trans Plasma Sci, vol. 38(10), pp. 2867-72, (2010) [66] G. Turck et al., Rev Sci Instrum, vol. 81(10), pp. 3, (2010). [67] H. Maury et al., Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A, vol. 621(1-3), pp. 242-6, (2010) [68] P. Troussel et al., Proc. of SPIE vol. 8139 (2011) [69] P. Troussel et al., Rev Sci Instrum, vol. 83(10), pp. 3, (2012) [70] K.B. Fournier et al., Phys Plasmas, 16 (5), pp. 13, (2009) [71] L. Jacquet et al., Phys Plasmas, 19 (8), pp. 13, (2012) [72] F. Perez et al., Phys Plasmas 19 (8), pp. 10, (2012) [73] P. Troussel et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 013503 (2014) [74] Y. Cauchois, Journal de Physique 3, 320 (1932) [75] J.F. Seely et al., Rev Sci Instrum. 81(10), pp. 3,(2010) [76] I. Thfouin et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 11D615 (2014) [77] G. Debras et al, EPJ Web of Conferences 59, 02006 (2013) [78] T. Caillaud et al, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 (10), 10E131 (2012) [79] O. Landoas et al., Rev Sci Instrum, vol. 82(7), pp. 8, (2011)

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XII‐ Ack

LMJ is a CE

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Guide ♦ 51

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Page 58: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

GLOSSARY

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 52

XIII‐ GlossaryANR: French Agency for National Research

APS DPP: Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American Physical Society

BTDP: Transfer Box for Plasma Diagnostic

CAD: Computer Assisted Design

CEA-DAM: Military Applications Division of CEA

CPA: Chirped Pulse Amplification

CPP: Continuous Phase Plates

DMX: Broad-band X-ray spectrometer

ECLIM: European Conference on Laser Interaction with Matter

EOS: Equation of State

EOS Pack: Diagnostics set for EOS experiments

EPS: Conference on Plasma Physics of the European Physical Society

ERC: European Research Council

ERHXI: Enhanced Resolution Hard X-ray Imager

FABS: Full Aperture Backscattering System

GOI: Gated Optical Imager

GXI-1&2: Gated X-ray Imager

HEDLA: Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics

HEDP: High Energy Density Physics

HRXS: High Resolution X-ray Spectrometer

HTPD: Conference on High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics

ICF: Inertial Confinement Fusion

ICHED: International Conference in High Energy Densities

IFSA: Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications

ILP: Institut Lasers & Plasmas

IP: Imaging Plate

ISAC-P: International Scientific Advisory Committee of PETAL

LEH: Laser Enhance Holes

LIL: Laser Integration Line

LMJ: Laser Megajoule

LOI: Letter of Intent

LPI: Laser Plasma Interaction

LPXI: Lower Pole X-ray Imager

Mini-DMX: Mini Broad-band X-ray spectrometer

MOE: CEA Experiment Manager

NBI: Near Backscattered Imager

NLTE: Non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium

OPA: Optical Parametric Amplification

PAM: Pre-Amplifier Module

PETAL: Petawatt Aquitaine Laser

PETAL+: PETAL diagnostics Project funded by ANR (Equipex Projects)

PFM: Pulse Forming Module

PI: Principal Investigator

PIA: Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir (French National program for promising investment)

RCE: CEA Experiment Coordinator

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GLOSSARY

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 53

RCF: Radio Chromic Film

RH: Reference Holder

RMS: Root mean square

SBO: Shock Break Out

SEPAGE: Electrons and protons spectrometer

SESAME: Electrons spectrometer

SHXI: Streaked Hard X-ray Imager

SID: System for Insertion of Diagnostics

SOLEIL: French Synchrotron facility located at L’orme des Merisiers, 91190 Saint Aubin

SOP: Streaked Optical Pyrometer

SOPAC: System for Optical Positioning and Alignment inside Chamber

SPECTIX: Hard X-ray spectrometer

SSD: Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion

SSXI: Streaked Soft X-ray Imager

TBD: To be determined

TCC: Target chamber center

TP: Thomson Parabola

TPS: Target Positioning System

UPXI: Upper Pole X-ray Imager

VISAR: Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector

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APPENDIX

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 54

XIV‐ AppendixGPS coordinates:

CEA-CESTA : 44° 39’ 30’’ N / 0° 48’ 29.8’’ W

LMJ : 44° 38’ 08.8 ‘’ N / 0° 47’ 12’’ W

ILP building : 44° 38’ 13’’ N / 0° 47’ 54.1’’ W

List of hotels close to CEA-CESTA, in Bordeaux and Arcachon.

Close to CEA-CESTA Bordeaux

Hôtel-Restaurant LE RÉSINIER 68, av. des Pyrénées – RN10 33114 LE BARP Tel. : +33 5 56 88 60 07 Fax : +33 5 56 88 67 37

Hôtel Quality Suites Bordeaux aéroport 4* 83 avenue JF Kennedy 33700 MERIGNAC Tel : +33 5 57 53 21 22 [email protected]

Domaine du Pont de l’Eyre 2 route de Minoy 33770 Salles Tel : +33 5 56 88 35 00 Fax : +33 5 56 88 35 99 [email protected]

Hôtel Best Western « Bayonne Etche-Ona » 3* 15 cours de l’Intendance 33000 BORDEAUX Tel : +33 5 56 48 00 88 Fax : +33 5 56 48 41 60 [email protected]

B&B MIOS 6 avenue ZAC 2000 Parc d’activités MIOS Entreprises 33380 MIOS Tél : +33 8 92 70 20 70 or +33 5 56 77 33 11 [email protected]

Hôtel TENEO gare Saint Jean 4 cours Barbey 33800 BORDEAUX Tel : +33 5 56 33 22 00 [email protected]

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REVISION LOG

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide ♦ 55

XV‐ RevisionLog

Rev No

Date Main modifications Brief description

1.0 12 Sept 2014 - Initial release (Jean-Luc Miquel, Alexis Casner, Emmanuelle Volant)

1.1 28 April 2015 p6: III.4- Confidentiality rules p7-8: III.5- Selection process p8: III.6- Experimental process p16: V.4- Spot sizes - Table V.2. p19: V.7- Laser performance p26: VIII- LMJ Diagnostics - Table VIII.1 p30-31: VIII.3- Mini-DMX

Rearrangement of section III (precisions on Selection process, addition of Experimental process). Modification of spot sizes. Addition of Laser performance. Addition of Mini-DMX. (JLM, EV)

1.2 6 April 2016 P3 : table II.1 : History P6: III.5 – Selection process P7: III.6 – Experimental process p10: III.11 – Calls for proposals p14: V.1 – Laser architecture – Figure V.6 and Table V.1. p16: V.4- Spot sizes - Table V.2. p19: V.7- Laser performance p22: VI.2 – PETAL performance p24: VII- Target area and associated equipment – Table VII.1 – Figure VII.5 p27 to 45 : VIII- LMJ Diagnostics p46: IX.1 - Laser beams characteristics IX.2 – Target bay equipment p47:X.1 - Assembly & metrology process X.2 – LMJ-PETAL Alignment process p49:XI – References p52:XIII - Glossary

Update. Precisions on Selection process and Experimental process, addition of Calls for proposals. Modification of the operative quads in 2019. Modification of spot sizes. Update of laser performance. Addition of PETAL performance. Update of the 2019 locations of equipment and new Figure VII.5. Rearrangement of section VIII (description of all operative diag.). Update of Table IX.1. Modification of SID locations and available diagnostics. Precisions on assembly /metrology. Addition of alignment process. Update. Update. (JLM, EV)

1.2b 2 May 2016 p3: PETAL+ project p6 : III.5 Selection process

Roles of academic community and University of Bordeaux. LOI = preliminary proposal.

All Photos: @CEA

Page 62: LMJ PETAL User - CEA - Laser Mégajoule CEA/DAM LMJ-PETAL User Guide II Contents I- Introduction 1 II- LMJ-PETAL Overview

CEA/DAM ♦ LMJ-PETAL User Guide

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