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Presentation at Annotations@Harvard workshop, March 28, 2013
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Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Mass General Hospital Harvard Medical School
W3C Open Annotation Data Model:achieving interoperability
Paolo Ciccarese, PhDCo-chair of the W3C Open Annotation Community Group
Open Annotation Community Grouphttp://www.w3.org/communities/openannotation/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Acknowledgements
• Robert Sanderson (Co-chair), Herbert Van de Sompel and all the members of the W3C Open Annotation Community Group
• Annotation Ontology: Tim Clark, Marco Ocana, Leyla Garcia Castro, Bob Morris, Paul Morris, Phil Desenne, Stian Soiland-Reyes…
• Open Annotation Collaboration: Tim Cole, Neil Fraistat, Anna Gerber, Jane Hunter, Jim Smith, Jacob Jett…
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Annotation is emerging as…
• A uniform, pervasive method for describing… bookmarking, integrating, connecting, sharing … a variety of (digital) resources
• A starting point and not only an end point• Valuable content.. sometimes even more
valuable than the annotated content• Important search/discovery mechanism
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
… we commonly use annotation
• We annotate prints, HTML and PDFs
• We bookmark/tag web pages…
• … and publications (citations/references)
• We comment on web pages, blogs, forums and emails
• youtube, vimeo, flickr slideshare, twitter…
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Problem is…
• Most of applications make very hard to export and aggregate our own annotation
• Applications have a life span and they can disappear along with your annotation
• No application will cover all the annotation related use cases
• We need to enable applications developers and researchers
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Solution: interoperability
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
W3C Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
71 participants from around the world 6th of 110 community groups
Join Us!
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Interoperability starts from people
• OA started with the reconciliation of – Open Annotation Collaboration (OAC)– Annotation Ontology (AO)
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Annotation Ontology (AO)
• OWL vocabulary for representing and sharing annotation of digital resources and their fragments in RDF format
• Focus on biomedicine and sciences. But desire to make the AO framework more broadly usable.
Ciccarese et al, 2011An open annotation ontology for science on web 3.0
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Open Annotation Collaboration
• Focus on interoperability for annotations in order to allow sharing of annotations across:– Annotation clients;– Content collections;– Services that leverage annotations.
• Focus on annotation for scholarly purposes. But desire to make the OAC framework more broadly usable.
http://openannotation.org/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Open Annotation CG Mission
Interoperability between Annotation systems and platforms: …following the architecture of the Web …reusing existing Web standards …providing a single and coherent model …preserving the original ‘meaning’ …orthogonal to the domain of interest …without requiring adoption of specific platforms
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
What is annotation?An Annotation is considered to be a set of connected resources, typically including a body and target, where the body is related to (often about) the target.
Highlighting, BookmarkingCommenting, DescribingTagging, LinkingClassifying, IdentifyingQuestioning, ReplyingEditing, Moderating
Users Annotate To:
…Provide an Aide-Memoire…Share and Inform…Improve Discovery…Organize Resources…Interact with Others…Create as well as Consume
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Basic Data Model
0..* 1..*
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Example: bookmarking
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Example: commenting
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Multiple Targets
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Provenance (maps to PROV)
PROV-O: W3C Proposed Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Further Specification of ResourcesSpecific Body and Specific Target resources identify the region of interest, and/or the state of the resource.
Need to be able to describe the state of the resource, the segment of interest, and potentially styling hints for how to render it.
We introduce:State Describes how to retrieve representationSelector Describes how to select segmentStyle Describes how to render/process segmentScope Describes context of the resource
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Annotating text fragments
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Text Quote Selectors
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Fragment Selectors
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
SVG Selectors
SVG: W3C Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Media Fragments (and scope)
Media Fragments URI: W3C Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
And more selectors
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
And more…
• support for tagging and semantic tagging• extending motivations• organizing bodies and targets collections• serialization in JSON-LD and other formats• support for RDF graphs• …
Join us and follow our mailing list:http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Support for tagging
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Support for tagging
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
JSON-LD serialization{ "@context": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa-context-20130208.json", "@id": "http://www.example.org/annotations/anno1", "@type": "oa:Annotation”, "annotatedAt": "2012-11-10T09:08:07", "annotatedBy": { "@id": "http://www.example.org/people/person1", "@type": "foaf:Person", "mbox": { "@id": mailto:person1@example.org }, "name": "Person One" }, "hasBody": { "@id": "urn:uuid:1d823e02-60a1-47ae-ae7f-a02f2ac348f8", "@type": ["cnt:ContentAsText", "dctypes:Text"], "chars": "This is part of our logo" }, "hasTarget": { "@id": "urn:uuid:cc2c8f08-3597-4d73-a529-1c5fed58268b", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "hasSelector": { "@id": "urn:uuid:7978fa7b-3e03-47e2-89d8-fa39d1280765", "@type": "oa:FragmentSelector", "conformsTo": "http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/", "value": "xywh=10,10,5,5" }, "hasSource": { "@id": "http://www.example.org/images/logo.jpg", "@type": "dctypes:Image" } }}
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
New specifications (Feb 8, 2013)http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/
Paolo CiccareseAnnotations@Harvard
W3C Open Annotation Data Modelhttp://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
W3C Open Annotation Community Group
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/
paolo.ciccarese@gmail.com
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