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© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1
Next Generation Networking
Simon Spraggssspraggs@cisco.comConsulting Engineer
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 2
Today’s high level network infrastructure
PSTN/VOICERetail voice
Business voiceWholesale voice
SDH
Optical/Physical media
MPLS/IPRetail IP
Wholesale IPBusiness VPNsBusiness voice
ATM/FRL2 Connectivity
Backhaul services
• Service specific networks• Dedicated equipment• Duplication of function• Obsolescence issues (in places)• Service provisioning times
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 3
INTELLIGENT INFORMATION NETWORKINTELLIGENT INFORMATION NETWORK
Cisco IP NGN Architecture
GAMINGGAMING DATACENTER
DATACENTER
PRESENCE-BASED
TELEPHONY
PRESENCE-BASED
TELEPHONYWEB
SERVICESWEB
SERVICESMOBILE
APPSMOBILE
APPS
IPCONTACT CENTER
IPCONTACT CENTER
IntelligentEdge
IntelligentEdge
CustomerElement
CustomerElement
MultiserviceCore
MultiserviceCore
Access / Aggregation
Access / Aggregation
Framework for User andApplication-Based Control(Data, Voice, Video, Mobility)
Framework for User andApplication-Based Control(Data, Voice, Video, Mobility)
Service Exchange
Service Exchange
APP
LIC
ATI
ON
A
ND
SER
VIC
ESA
PPLI
CA
TIO
N
AN
D S
ERVI
CES
SER
VIC
E C
ON
TRO
LSE
RVI
CE
CO
NTR
OL
NET
WO
RK
LA
YER
NET
WO
RK
LA
YER
O P
E R
A T
I O
N A
L
L A
Y E
R
TransportTransport
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 4
The Services and Applications
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 5
Service Requirements in NGN infrastructures
Consumer Business EvolvedservicesWholesale
InternetVoice / Video / data
VoicePSTN
Multimedia
VideoWalled Garden
MobilityFixed / Mobile
PSTNMigrate
Mobile RAN backhaulIP transition
TDMMigrate and evolve to
Ethernet
ATMMigrate and evolve to
Ethernet
F/REvolve to Ethernet
TDM/ATM Ethernet
L2 VPNsPt2Pt
Pt2MPtMPt2MPt
L3 VPNsConnectionless
Value-add ServicesBased on L3 visibility
TDM/ATM Ethernet
L2 VPNsPt2Pt
Pt2MPtMPt2MPt
L3 VPNsL2TP
Connectionless
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 6
What’s happening to Internet ?
European Internet Exchange Points8 times increase in Internet traffic in last 12 months
Access speed increasingDoubling access speed increases Internet use by 30% (cable experience)
Content richnessVideo overtaken P2P Basic Internet video todayImproving rapidly
Amsterdam ExchangeFrankfurt Exchange
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 7
Protocol RequirementsComprehensive Support for SIP and Non-SIP applications
Intelligent Networking
Video & GamingVideo & Gaming
DataCenterData
Center
Presence-Based
Telephony
Presence-Based
TelephonyWeb
ServicesWeb
ServicesMobile Apps
Mobile Apps
IPContact Center
IPContact Center
IntelligentEdge
IntelligentEdge
CustomerElement
CustomerElement
MultiserviceCore
MultiserviceCore
Access/Aggregation
Access/Aggregation
App
licat
ion
Laye
rA
pplic
atio
n La
yer
Serv
ice
Laye
rSe
rvic
e La
yer
Net
wor
k La
yer
Net
wor
k La
yer
TransportTransport
Ope
ratio
nal L
ayer
Ope
ratio
nal L
ayer
Service ExchangeService
Exchange
Open Framework for Enabling
‘Triple Play on the Move’(Data, Voice,
Video, Mobility)
Open Framework for Enabling
‘Triple Play on the Move’(Data, Voice,
Video, Mobility)
IdentityIdentity PolicyPolicy BillingBilling
MobilityMobility
Self Service
Self Service
Traffic Engineering
Traffic Traffic EngineeringEngineering MulticastMulticastMulticast SecuritySecuritySecurity
CoS/QoSCoS/QoSCoS/QoS MPLSMPLSMPLS
PeeringPeeringPeering
L2/L3 VPNL2L2//L3 VPNL3 VPN
VPLSVPLSVPLS
Fast Rerouting
Fast Fast ReroutingRerouting
Routing ProtocolsRouting ProtocolsRouting Protocols
IPoDWDMIPoDWDMIPoDWDM
PPP/FR/ATM/EthernetPPP/FR/ATM/EthernetPPP/FR/ATM/Ethernet
IPv4/IPv6IPv4/IPv6IPv4/IPv6
SIP based
SIP based
Non-SIP based
Non-SIP based
SIP Applications• VoIP / Push-to-talk (PTT)• Buddy lists• Click to dial• Location-based info services• FMC (Dual-mode telephony)
Non- SIP Applications• IPTV / VoD / Videoconferencing• P2P Services• Gaming• User Services• Evolved Services
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 8
Service Exchange Framework
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 9
What is Service Control ?Service Control functions
Virtualisation of the network to applicationsVirtualisation of application to network components
Access :Access privileges – authorization to use resources (circuits to QoS classes)Resource usage – admission control and/or resource reservationAccounting – metering / charging rules for usage based servicesFixed Mobile Convergence - Service portability
Core : Admission control
Service control is not new and actually quite advanced in wirelineRADIUS environments – authentication, policy at session start-up
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 10
Motivations for a Service control plane New services demand
Hard b/w and QoS guarantees (delay and loss) Subscriber choice and control
Existing service challengesProtecting the good citizenExamples :- Application control on peering links
Creating a standards based development environmentSPs / ISPs not yet clear on future service specificsRapid, access agnostic development environmentOff the shelf / third party applications
Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)Same application portfolio regardless of accessRoaming capabilities
Degrees of service controlFull architectural approachAd-hoc environment
There are doubters !!!Strong debate within SPs on service control Strong debate on service control within the Internet industry
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 11
Service Control components Open APIs to application layer
Service Control application Common service / protocol elementsExamples:- SIP servers, softswitches
Service Control networkAAA and address allocation Policy Decision Points Examples:- Radius, DHCP, Policy Servers
Network transportPolicy Enforcement Points (policing, gating, access control)Statistics gathering and reporting Examples:- BRAS, SBC, DPIs
Fuzzy line between service control network layer and network transportFor example :- SBCs
APIs between layersExamples:- Web services, diameter, Radius, DHCP
IntelligentEdge
IntelligentEdge
CustomerElement
CustomerElement
MultiserviceCore
MultiserviceCore
Access/Aggregation
Access/Aggregation
App
licat
ion
Laye
rA
pplic
atio
n La
yer
Net
wor
k Tr
ansp
ort
Net
wor
k Tr
ansp
ort
TransportTransport
Ope
ratio
nal L
ayer
Ope
ratio
nal L
ayer
PolicyPolicy
BillingBilling
Self Service
Self Service
Policy / AAA
PSTN emulation IMS
Applications
Network layer
Application layer
Serv
ice
cont
rol
Laye
r
Serv
ice
cont
rol
Laye
r
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 12
Key standards in Service Control arenaFull architectural solutions
3GPP IMS / 3GPP2SIP orientated architecture Components being embraced by many other SDOs
CableLabsPacketCable 1.x DQoS specification (part of the Call Management Server (CMS))PacketCable Multimedia decomposes the CMS functionality into Policy Server and Application manager
ITU-T“Focus Group on NGN” (FGNGN) NGN architectural framework
ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) Full NGN architectureUtilises IMS, ETSI TISPAN
ETSI TISPANFull NGN architectureUtilises IMS and many other SDOs work
Component solutionsDSL Forum
Looking at DSL access and aggregation environmentsIdentify need to control p2p, identify policy / AAA components
Multi-Service Forum (MSF)Looking at specific multi-service componentsCore Bandwidth Manager
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 13
What is TISPAN?Background
Telecommunications & Internet Converged Services & Protocols forAdvanced Networks (TISPAN)TISPAN is a standards group within the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI)Specialized in fixed networks & Internet convergence8 sub-groups defining all aspects of NGN
http://www.tispan.org/Defining a standards-based NGN architecture
Based on well defined sub-systems, functional blocks & defined interfacesMaximizing fixed & mobile convergence, through adoption of 3G IMS componentsUse of work from other SDOs where appropriate
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 14
TISPAN R1 Sub-systems and architecture
Based on well defined sub-systems, functional blocks and defined interfaces
TISPAN R1 primarily associated with access CAC and voice / SIP applications
Applications
Subsystems
RACSResource AdmissionControl Subsystem
UserEquipment Access Network TISPAN NGN Core
NASSNetwork Attachment
Sub-System
Application FunctionsTwo types of application:AF-1 applications: don’t use Service Sub-systemsAF-2 applications: use Service control sub-systems
NASS:Functions:• Registration and initialisation of UE • Network Level ID and authentication
RACSFunctions:• Policy implementation• Admission control
Service SubsystemsGeneral architecture defines:• Core IMS subsystem • PSTN/ISDN emulation subsystem (PES)
• Streaming Subsystem• Content broadcast subsystemTransport Function:
• Core, access and home transport capabilities
• Deals with different owners of the network
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 15
ETSI TISPAN NGN Network Model Release 1 - Overview
Gq’Gq’
Access networkIP-Edge
CLF
PDBF
a2a2 a4a4
e5e5
RACS
NASS
DiameterH.248<tbd>
e2e2
User Equipment
AccessNode
Transport Network
TE CNG ARF
L2TF
e1e1 e1e1
IaIa
RqRq
ReRe
RCEF
e3e3
UAAF
a1a1
e4e4
CNGCF
AMF
a3a3
NACFGq’Gq’
e2e2
SPDF
A-RACF
TISPAN NGN Core
A-BGFDiDi I-BGF
AF-2 Applications
Applications
AF-1 Applications
PSTN EmulationIMS Core I/S-CSCF
P-CSCF MRFCMwMw MrMr
MiMi
P-CSCFBGCF
MgMg
Service subsystems
Note: Functional blocks do not equate to devices; one or more functions can reside in a single device and one functional block to be spread over multiple devices.
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 16
Cisco IMS/TISPAN “+” Architecture:Simple start
BPMA-RACF
ISG / SCERCEF
BPMSPDF
IP / MPLSCore
Subscriber Portal
UAAFCNR
UAAF/NACFCAR
BACCNGCF
P DirectorCLF
LinksysCNG
Other IPNetwork
Other TDMNetwork
ReRe
E4E4
A1A1A3A3E3E3
NASS
Network Layer
RACS
A4A4A2A2 RqRq
Interfaces:= Diameter= H.248= SIP= TR-69= <tbd>
LegendComponents:
= Cisco= Partner
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 17
Cisco IMS/TISPAN “+” Architecture:Build to the full solution
PGW2200BGCF
SPDF
BPMA-RACF
ISG / SCERCEF
12k / 7600C-BGF
PartnerI-CSCF
PartnerS-CSCF
PGW2200MGCF
BPMC-RACF
BPMSPDF
12k / 7600I-BGF
IP / MPLSCore
12k / 7600I-BGCF
IMS ApplicationsNon IMS Applications
MGX/VxSMAS5x00
Media Gw
UAAFCNR
UAAF/NACFCAR
BACCNGCF
P DirectorCLF
LinksysCNG
ITPSGF
OtherIMS
Other IPNetwork
Other TDMNetwork
Gq’Gq’
E2E2
IaIaReRe
E4E4
MwMw
MwMw
MnMn
IeIe
A1A1A3A3E3E3
NASS
Network Layer
RACS
A4A4A2A2
MkMkMwMw
MiMi
RqRq RqRq
GmGm
Interfaces:= Diameter= H.248= SIP= TR-69= <tbd>
LegendComponents:
= Cisco= Partner
IMS Subsystem
RfRf
12k / 7600P-CSCF
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 18
Cisco Value Proposition
Range of solutions ranging for simple to TISPAN compliantAbility to grow within a standards based environmentAbility to utilise existing policy infrastructure
Addressing TISPAN use casesVoice and SIP applicationsAccess admission controlSupport for TISPAN interfaces
Addressing Non-TISPAN use casesNon SIP applications : IP/TV, subscriber management, OTTAccess and core admission controlSupport for other application orientated interfaces
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 19
Network Layer
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 20
Network structure
Optical layerDark fibre and / or DWDMBasic non-oversubscribed point to point high bandwidth servicesUnder lying transport for IP/MPLS infrastructure
IP/MPLS End to end IP/MPLS control planeIP/MPLS directly integrating with optical layer – dark fibre or DWDMConcurrent support of L1, L2, L3 services
Flexible Service Edge Service terminationContent injection
Minimal layering Rapid adaptationCAPEX and OPEX efficiencies
Physical Layer
L1/L2/L3 Services
Basic high SpeedTransport
Internet
L1/L2/L3 Services
Internet
L1/L2/L3 Services
Internet
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 21
Physical InfrastructureCountry wide infrastructure
Dark Fibre
Metro WDM
MetroWDM
Dark Fibre
Dark Fibre
Dark Fibre
Dark Fibre
MetroWDM
CoreCopper
fibre
1st Mile Technology
Copperfibre
1st Mile Technology
Core networkFlexible DWDM optical core Multi-degree ROADM technology
Metro and city regionsDark fibreMetro DWDM
First MilexDSL technologyTransitioning to fibre technologyPoint to Point versus PON
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
"High-speed connection," actualStraight line extrapolation assuming acceleration from 2004Straight line extrapolationSource: Heavy Reading report “FTTH Worldwide Market & Technology Forecast , 2006-20011”
DSL LimitKbps
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 22
Physical InfrastructureCountry wide infrastructure
Dark Fibre
Metro WDM
MetroWDM
Dark Fibre
Dark Fibre
Dark Fibre
Dark Fibre
MetroWDM
CoreCopper
fibre
1st Mile Technology
Copperfibre
1st Mile Technology
Core networkFlexible DWDM optical core Multi-degree ROADM technology
Metro and city regionsDark fibreMetro DWDM
First MilexDSL technologyTransitioning to fibre technologyPoint to Point versus PON
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
"High-speed connection," actualStraight line extrapolation assuming acceleration from 2004Straight line extrapolationSource: Heavy Reading report “FTTH Worldwide Market & Technology Forecast , 2006-20011”
DSL LimitKbps
Point to Point Ethernet offers the most flexible and comprehensive
fibre solution
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 23
Network StructureCore network
Partial mesh / full mesh on coreHierarchical structure to IP/PoPsIP/MPLS control planeSupporting transport of L1, L2 and L3 services
Metro and city regionsRing / Hub and SpokeTechnology options:- IEEE, IP/MPLS, SDH, Others
Factors determining technology in metroSize of metro and number of customersPhysical topology : Ring / hub & spokeTypes of services offered in metro:- L1, L2, L3L2 service offerings :- Pt2Pt, Multipoint
Cisco support a variety of technologies in the metro. For an end to end full service infrastructure an IP/MPLS control plane provides the most flexibility
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 24
Network Structurefunctional components
Large scale infrastructureConsolidation of components in small networks Example DN and P/PE node
Access NodePure layer 2 deviceL2+ features :- DHCP opt 82, IGMP snooping
Aggregation NodeIP/MPLS deviceLegacy service edge (TDM and ATM)Ethernet layer 2 service edgeVideo layer 3 service edge
Distribution NodeIP/MPLS device AS boundary to core environmentLegacy service edge (TDM and ATM)Ethernet layer 2 service edgeVideo layer 3 local content injection
P/PE IP/MPLS deviceAS boundaryL1, L2, L3 service capabilities
Access NodesACN
Aggregation NodesAGN
Distribution NodesDN
P/PE
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 25
WDM I/F
WDM I/F
Optical switching via MSTP
CRS-1, GSR, 7600
WDM PLIM/ SPA for 10G and 40G
λs
DWDM LH transmission to other sites via MSTP
CTM managing CRS-1 and MSTP today
IPoDWDM
Core environmentIntelligent tuneable optics with FEC integrated into the router10gbps GE and POS40gbps POS using duo-binary technology – onto 10gbps optical systemsRouter to Router G.709 for enhanced OAM&P plus enhanced capabilitiesCisco or non Cisco DWDM layer
Metro environmentDrive distances less, DWDM often not deployedLess complex solutions required Fixed optics, no FEC
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 26
Logical Network Architecture
IPv4 and IPv6 supportQoS
Convergence servicesMulticastSecurity
OAMTraffic Engineering
Network instrumentation
Carrier Class
Access NodesACN
Aggregation NodesAGN
Distribution NodesDN
P/PE
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 27
Overlay architecture
L3 VPN (V4 and V6)
Legacy L1 and L2 services
Ethernet Pt2Pt and MP2MP
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 28
Service ElementsFlexible content service edge
Why a flexible edgeNot all services are the same
Where the service is created Located throughout the network: AGN, DN, BNG and P/PE
Rich set of service functionality based on IP/MPLS control planeL1, L2, L3 VPNs with QoS,
Service InterfacesEthernet Virtual Connection :- Flexible transport mappingInternet Services Gateway :- Subscriber control and policy interface
Service modules, blades and appliancesVPN aware service functionalitySBC, DPI, Visual QE
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 29
Service Overlays
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 30
Consistent Resiliency
<1s<1s<1s<1sL3
1M100K10K50KImpact ~2-3s
VHO Node
L2 ~2-3s
Source at SHE
VSO Node
Link in metro
2-3s50ms
Integrated Video CAC (Topology Aware)
RSVP 11
33
22 44
VQEVideo Error Concealment
Fast Channel Change
VAM
VQEAppliance
Video Optimisation
Programming Internet
Streamer Arrays
Streamer Arrays
Vault Arrays
Cisco Content Delivery System (CDS)
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 31
TV servicesCentralised
Middleware, Content
IGMPSnooping
AN
Multicast and VoD L3 edge
InternetInternetInternetInternet
N:VLAN for consumer services
To HSI edge
ACN AGN DN
InternetInternetInternetInternet
Pseudo-wire
Video Quality and Experience Servers
(VQSE servers)VoD Cache
Simple L3 video edge of AGN, PIM-SSM with IGP fast convergence
Centralised broadcast ingestion, middleware and Content vaults
Distributed video capabilitiesCDS caches for popular contentVQE for repair, improved channel zapping and monitoring
RSVP for in-path CAC
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 32
L3 VPN services
AN
1:1 VLAN for all services
ACN AGN DN P/PE
Ethernet Pseudo-wire VLAN hand-off
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 33
Ethernet L2VPN ServicesPoint to Point Services
End to End pseudo-wires
Multi-point Services H-VPLS for end to end 802.1ad edge initially 802.1ah edge into VPLS
Core MAC scalingCore VLAN scaling
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 34
Legacy Protocol services
Channelised TDM and ATM services across E1, E3, STMn on IP/MPLS networkBased on CEOPs SPA Common aggregation infrastructure for L3, L2 and legacy L1 servicesClock recovery to 15ppb (local, adaptive buffering)
BSC
nxE1
RNC
nxE1DN
nxSTM1
Regional NetworkIP/MPLS
BTSBTS
BTSBTS
Node B
BTSBTS
BTSBTS
BTSBTS
Node B
BTSBTS
AGN
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 35
Conclusions
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 36
Conclusions
NGN is driven by New services OPEX reduction of existing services
Needs to support a wide range of varying applications
Service Exchange Framework provides a common services interface to network
Common network infrastructure Minimal layeringIP/MPLS based providing L1, L2, L3 servicesFlexible edge for optimal service delivery
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 37
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 38
Why flexible service and content injection
Not all applications and services are the same !!!Business different to consumer, different to video
Service Control mechanism : What controls the service ?Network based subscriber control Application softwareVastly different requirements from equipment
Subscriber and service termination : Where the subscriber is terminated ?Distributed or centralised
Content Injection : Where the content is injected ?Distributed or centralised
Traffic levels : How much traffic associated with the serviceDo I terminate the service inline or out of line
NGN services have very different requirements.Cisco architecture is a flexible multi-edge solution
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