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Injury Prevention
Ileana Arias, Ph.D.
DirectorNational Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
May 14, 2009
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control:
An Overview
National Center for Injury National Center for Injury Prevention and Control:Prevention and Control:
An OverviewAn Overview
Injury Prevention
CDC’s GoalsCDC’s Goals
• Healthy People in Every Stage of Life
• Healthy People in Healthy Places
• People Prepared for Emerging Health Threats
• Healthy People in a Healthy World
Injury Prevention
Septicemia34,136
Septicemia26,243
Septicemia3,912
ViralHepatitis
2,314
Influenza & Pneumonia
934
Influenza & Pneumonia
354
Influenza & Pneumonia
172Cerebrovascular
43Septicemia
36
Chronic Low. Respiratory
Disease 56
NecrotizingEnterocolitis
54610
Nephritis43,901
Nephritis36,416
Nephritis4,141
Chronic Low.Respiratory
Disease3,977
DiabetesMellitus
2,045
Congenital Anomalies
436
Complicated Pregnancy
183Septicemia
45Benign
Neoplasms40
Perinatal Period
58
Neonatal Hemorrhage
6659
Influenza & Pneumonia
63,001
Unintentional Injury36,729
Suicide4,210
HIV4,516
Cerebrovascular 2,260
Cerebrovascular 546
Cerebrovascular 196
Influenza & Pneumonia
55
Chronic Low.Respiratory
Disease49
Cerebrovascular
62
Bacterial Sepsis
8348
Alzheimer’s Disease71,599
DiabetesMellitus55,222
LiverDisease
7,126
DiabetesMellitus
5,691
Liver Disease
2,688
DiabetesMellitus
617
DiabetesMellitus
202
Chronic Low.Respiratory
Disease55
Influenza & Pneumonia
51Septicemia
85Respiratory
Distress860
7
DiabetesMellitus75,119
Influenza & Pneumonia
55,453Cerebrovascular
10,028Cerebrovascular
6,381Homicide
3,109HIV
1,318Congenital Anomalies
504Heart Disease
146Cerebrovascular
52Influenza
& Pneumonia110
Unintentional Injury1,083
6
Unintentional Injury
117,809
Alzheimer’s Disease70,858
Unintentional Injury10,853
Suicide6,991
HIV4,363
Heart Disease3,249
Heart Disease1,119
Congenital Anomalies
200Heart Disease
106Heart Disease
151Placenta Cord
Membranes1,110
5
Chronic. Low Respiratory
Disease130,933
Chronic. Low Respiratory
Disease112,716
Diabetes Mellitus11,301
Liver Disease
7,517Suicide6,550
Malignant Neoplasms
3,601
Malignant Neoplasms
1,717Homicide
220Homicide
121Homicide
375Maternal
Pregnancy Comp.1,776
4
Cerebrovascular143,579
Cerebrovascular123,881
Chronic Low. Respiratory
Disease12,747
Unintentional Injury18,339
Heart Disease12,688
Homicide4,752
Suicide4,212
Suicide270
Congenital Anomalies
196
Malignant Neoplasms
377SIDS2,2303
Malignant Neoplasms
559,312
Malignant Neoplasms
388,322
Heart Disease65,208
Heart Disease38,103
Malignant Neoplasms
14,566Suicide4,990
Homicide5,466
Malignant Neoplasms
515
Malignant Neoplasms
485
Congenital Anomalies
522
Short Gestation
4,7142
Heart Disease652,091
Heart Disease530,926
Malignant Neoplasms
99,240
Malignant Neoplasms
50,405
Unintentional Injury16,919
Unintentional Injury13,997
Unintentional Injury15,753
Unintentional Injury1,343
Unintentional Injury1,072
Unintentional Injury1,664
Congenital Anomalies
5,5521
Total65+55-6445-5435-4425-3415-2410-145-91-4<1Rank
Age Groups
10 Leading Causes of Death by Age Group10 Leading Causes of Death by Age GroupUnited StatesUnited States--20052005
Injury Prevention
The Burden of InjuryThe Burden of Injury
• Each year, 30 million people experience a nonfatal injury serious enough to require a visit to an emergency department.
• Hospital emergency departments treat an average 55 people for injuries every minute.
• $406 billion in medical expenses and lost productivity.
Injury Prevention
Injury and Violence Prevention and Control at CDCInjury and Violence Prevention and Control at CDC
• CDC began studying home and recreational injuries in the early 1970s and violence prevention in 1980s.
• In June 1992, CDC established the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) to focus on preventing and controlling injuries and associated deaths and disabilities.
• NCIPC is dedicated to identifying risk factors for injuries, developing and sharing strategies to prevent them, and supporting organizations and individuals working to do the same.
• NCIPC supports surveillance, research, and program implementation to address injuries in the community.
Injury Prevention
The Public Health Approach to PreventionThe Public Health Approach to Prevention
Develop and Test
Prevention Strategies
Ensure Widespread
Adoption
Identify Risk and Protective
Factors
Define the Problem
Injury Prevention
NCIPC Program DevelopmentNCIPC Program Development
1979 – 1990
1990 - 2000
2000 - present
Building the Case
Conducting/Synthesizing the Science
Moving Toward Implementation
Injury Prevention
• Maximize overall health of the population
• Reduce or eliminate health disparities
Health ImpactHealth Impact
Injury Prevention
Criteria to Accelerate Health ImpactCriteria to Accelerate Health Impact
• Burden of injury• Evidence base for interventions• Feasibility of interventions• Demonstrable and measurable
impact• Alignment with agency-wide goals• Consistent with CDC’s role• Cross-cutting and far reaching
impact• Stakeholder support
Injury Prevention
NCIPC PrioritiesNCIPC Priorities
• Preventing Injuries from Residential Fires
• Older Adult Falls Prevention
• Child Maltreatment Prevention
Injury Prevention
Why?Why?
• 396,000 home fires and 3,030 fire related deaths annually and we can prevent
• Injuries related to falls are a leading cause of death for adults age 65 or older and we can prevent
• One out of seven children experience child maltreatment and we can prevent
Injury Prevention
• Residential Fire Injury Prevention: Promote functioning smoke alarms in every home
• Preventing Falls Among Older Adults:Promote independent living through interventions that remove home hazards and improve physical fitness
• Child Maltreatment Prevention: Promote Safe, Stable, Nurturing Relationships (SSNR’s) between children and caregivers
NCIPC’s Strategies Related to the PrioritiesNCIPC’s Strategies Related to the Priorities
Injury Prevention
WhatWhat’’s Needed?s Needed?
• Dissemination and evaluation of proven interventions as community programs
• Dissemination of prevention materials to health care providers and community organizations
• Widespread adoption
Injury Prevention
Injury Prevention and Control Cost SavingsInjury Prevention and Control Cost Savings
$11,280 $11,280 in direct medical costsin direct medical costs
$2,618 $2,618 per personper person
Adherence to treatment guidelines Adherence to treatment guidelines for severely injured TBI patientsfor severely injured TBI patients
$600$600$74 $74
per childper childTeen Driving Safety ProgramTeen Driving Safety Program
$940$940$33$33Residential Home Smoke AlarmResidential Home Smoke Alarm
$10,800$10,800$1,250 $1,250
per personper personCommunityCommunity--based Fall based Fall Prevention ProgramPrevention Program
$570$570$10$10Child Bicycle HelmetChild Bicycle Helmet
$2,200$2,200$31$31Booster SeatsBooster Seats
Benefit to SocietyBenefit to SocietyCostCostPrevention/ControlPrevention/Control
MethodMethod
Injury Prevention
Road Ahead and Next Steps for NCIPCRoad Ahead and Next Steps for NCIPC
• Identified status, gaps, and needs in the priority areas
• Align resources to advance priorities
• Evaluate progress
• Ensuring that progress in other areas remains well tracked for success
Injury Prevention
In conclusion, the NCIPC…In conclusion, the NCIPC…
• Applies a systematic process to addressing the public health impacts of injuries and violence in America.
• Works closely with other agencies to be complementary, but not overlapping.
• Continues to look for opportunities to move research and data into programs that can benefit Americans and prevent injuries and death.
Injury Prevention
Investing in InjuryInvesting in Injury
• Good health is fundamental to our ability to be economically productive, engaged in our communities, and able to care for and enjoy our families.
• Primary prevention has a track record of improving health and reducing costs.
• Investing in violence prevention has immediate and long term savings, including reductions in chronic diseases.
Injury Prevention
NCIPC MissionNCIPC Mission
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