Human Osteology

Human OsteologyASA Bio 2014

Williams

Major Divisions of the Body

Cranial – skullInfracranial – the rest of the body

Axial – trunk & head (parts in midline)Appendicular – appendages/ limbs

Includes pelvic and shoulder girdles

Upper LimbClavicleScapulaHumerusRadiusUlnaCarpalsMetacarpalsPhalanges

Clavicle1 right & 1 leftArticulates with sternum medially and scapula laterallyPart of shoulder girdle

Scapula1 right & 1 leftArticulates with clavicle and humerusDoes NOT articulate with ribsPart of shoulder girdle

Humerus 1 right & 1 leftArticulates with scapula, ulna & radius

Ulna1 right & 1 leftArticulates with humerus & radiusConnected to radius by interosseous membraneDoes NOT articulate with carpal bones

Radius1 right & 1 leftArticulates with humerus, ulna, and proximo-lateral aspect of carpal bonesConnected to ulna by interosseous membrane

CarpalsBones of the wrist8 elements (per side)2 rows of 4 Proximal row articulates with radiusDistal row articulates with metacarpals

MetacarpalsBones of the hand5 elements (per side)Articulate with distal row of carpals and phalangesNumbered lateral to medialMC1 – MC5

Manual PhalangesBones of the fingers14 elements (per side)Separated into three rowsProximal phalanges (5)Intermediate phalanges (4)Distal phalanges (5)Singular – phalanx

Intermediate

Lower LimbInnominateFemurPatellaTibiaFibulaTarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges

InnominateOs coxa 1 right & 1 leftArticulate with sacrum posteriorly, other innominate anteriorly, and femur laterally

Innominates3 parts IliumIschiumPubis

Femur1 right & 1 leftConsidered strongest boneArticulates with innominate, tibia, and patella

Patella1 right & 1 leftSesamoid boneArticulates only with femur

Tibia1 right & 1 left Articulates with femur, fibula and talus (tarsal bone)Weight bearing bone of the lower legConnected to fibula with interosseous membrane

Fibula1 right & 1 leftNon-weight bearingArticulates with tibia and talus (tarsal bone)Connected to tibia by interosseous membrane

Tarsals

Bones of the ankle7 elements (per side)Articulate with each other, tibia, fibula, and metatarsals

MetatarsalsBones of the foot5 elements (per side)Numbered medially to laterallyMT1 – MT5 Articulate with tarsals and phalanges

Pedal PhalangesBones of the toes14 elements (per side)Separated into three rowsProximal phalanges (5)Intermediate phalanges (4)Distal phalanges (5)Singular – phalanx