Formal Modeling and Analysis of a Preliminary Small Aircraft ......March 2004 NASA/TM-2004-212999...

Preview:

Citation preview

March 2004

NASA/TM-2004-212999

Formal Modeling and Analysis of a PreliminarySmall Aircraft Transportation System (SATS)Concept

Victor A. CarrenoLangley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Hanne GottliebsenNational Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia

Ricky ButlerLangley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Sara KalvalaUniversity of Warwick, United Kingdom

The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to theadvancement of aeronautics and space science. TheNASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI)Program Office plays a key part in helping NASAmaintain this important role.

The NASA STI Program Office is operated byLangley Research Center, the lead center for NASA’sscientific and technical information. The NASA STIProgram Office provides access to the NASA STIDatabase, the largest collection of aeronautical andspace science STI in the world. The Program Office isalso NASA’s institutional mechanism fordisseminating the results of its research anddevelopment activities. These results are published byNASA in the NASA STI Report Series, whichincludes the following report types:

• TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of

completed research or a major significant phaseof research that present the results of NASAprograms and include extensive data ortheoretical analysis. Includes compilations ofsignificant scientific and technical data andinformation deemed to be of continuingreference value. NASA counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers, but havingless stringent limitations on manuscript lengthand extent of graphic presentations.

• TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific

and technical findings that are preliminary or ofspecialized interest, e.g., quick release reports,working papers, and bibliographies that containminimal annotation. Does not contain extensiveanalysis.

• CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and

technical findings by NASA-sponsoredcontractors and grantees.

• CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected

papers from scientific and technicalconferences, symposia, seminars, or othermeetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA.

• SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific,

technical, or historical information from NASAprograms, projects, and missions, oftenconcerned with subjects having substantialpublic interest.

• TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English-

language translations of foreign scientific andtechnical material pertinent to NASA’s mission.

Specialized services that complement the STIProgram Office’s diverse offerings include creatingcustom thesauri, building customized databases,organizing and publishing research results ... evenproviding videos.

For more information about the NASA STI ProgramOffice, see the following:

• Access the NASA STI Program Home Page athttp://www.sti.nasa.gov

• E-mail your question via the Internet to

help@sti.nasa.gov • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Desk

at (301) 621-0134 • Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at

(301) 621-0390 • Write to:

NASA STI Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320

National Aeronautics andSpace Administration

Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199

March 2004

NASA/TM-2004-212999

Formal Modeling and Analysis of a PreliminarySmall Aircraft Transportation System (SATS)Concept

Victor A. CarrenoLangley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Hanne GottliebsenNational Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia

Ricky ButlerLangley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia

Sara KalvalaUniversity of Warwick, United Kingdom

Available from:

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) National Technical Information Service (NTIS)7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal RoadHanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161-2171(301) 621-0390 (703) 605-6000

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Sheila Conway, Ken Jones, Maria Consiglio, DanWilliams, Cathy Adams, Gary Milsaps and other members of the SATS team fordiscussions regarding landing procedures, ATC practice, performance requirements andmany other characteristics of the National Air Space. Their help was invaluable informulating the model and parameters of the preliminary concept of operation. We wantto especially thank Ken Jones for his leadership of the High Volume Operations Teamand his recognition of the need for formal methods on this project.

�������������

� ���������������������� �

� "!�#$��%'& ()%'#*�+�,��-����.��� �

/ 01����%'23�546 7%'2�4689���:�*�,��2.2.%'�<;��,%>= ?@BADC EGF'HJI�K�F�L�MONBIQPSR�TJTJUVFWR�XYNZA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA ]@BA_^ `6acb'aedVaeF+fgF�L�MhNJI[iJjlk1AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA m@BAn@ o�UhI�HBaeX*R,MOI�dqp6fGo�F+acf>MhdrA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA s@BAut `6I$MhI�UhvwaefBaefJx9MhNJI[jlF+UhUVI�XyMqkqUhUVacbzR�K�{�a}| A\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA ~

� 01����%'23�54�;��.�,�+��=J4��w���,=>�$%����*����! �tJADC �lI$L�F�UhI�O���q� ��� �������.�,�*��A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA �tJA_^ �lI$M���I�I$f��O���q� ��� �����*�������3R�fJH)�O���q� ��� � ���������QAQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C��tJAn@ kqL�MhI�U3�O���q� ��� � ���.�,�*��AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C+CtJAut j3R�KeX$�JK R,MOaeF�f�F�L�¡B�£¢�� ¤��B¥��W�.�,�*����¦V�ZA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C+C

? ;�0§0 ¨�%'©7���.��%'&ª%'�:��#«01���¬%'2 �'�

­ 7=B4®%W�y!<¯Q�,�5-�%>���°! �W�mBADC P±aevwaefJx²o³UVI�HJacX*RzMhI�d±A\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C*tmBA_^ ´�|BX$Ke�JHBaefJx�i�T�I�X$a R�K¬j3RzdhI�d A[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C�]mBAn@ iBRzL�IQi�I$TµR�UhRzMOacF+f A[A\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C�m

¶ ¯[���7�5468[�����+%>-¬��# � ¶s�ADC i'MYR,MO�Jd·F�L�¸³I�UVac¹µX�RzMOacF+fºA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C�ss�A_^ o�UhF'F�L�FzL�¢V�����y��» ¼�¼ ½�½¾A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA C��

s�A_^�AcC j3RzdhIQ@¿AQA[A\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA ^�Cs�A_^�A�^ j3RzdhI\tÀAQA[A\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA ^�@

s�An@ o�UhF'F�L�FzL�Á����Y �B¥ à AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA ^�@s�Aut o�UhF'F�L�FzL�¢V�����y��» ¼:��½z�9AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA ^+ss�A_] o�UhF'F�L�FzL�¢V�����y��» Ä ÃÅAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA ^�~

� 8[�:���W2.��#*����� /µÆ

; ÇQ%����*���,#ÉÈÊ�.Ë���=J��! /5�k9ADCÅ^�`̸³I�XyMOF+UVd6A[AQAQA[A\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA @W^k9A_^Ío�F+dVacMhaeF+fJd±acfG^�`1dhTµR�X$IÎA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA @�tk9An@ ^�`§Ï�aefJI$dGAQA[AQAQA[A\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA @W]k9AutÑÐ�fWMOI�UVdhI$X$MOacfJx�ϬacfJI�dÎA\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA @+mk9A_]ÑjlKeF+dVI�dÒMqkqTJTJUVFWR�XYNÓA\AQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA\A[AQAQA[AQA[AQAQA[AQA\A[AQA[AQAQA[AQA[AQA @+~

acaea

� � �������������·����w�

P±NJI i�v�R�KcK�kqaeUVX�UOR,L�M�P�UOR�fJdVT:F�UVMYR,MOaeF�fri�'dVMhI�v ��i�k�P�iJ�gTJUVF+x+UORzv R�acv�dÉMOF TBUhF�b'aeHJI Rzf I �wX�acI�fWMMOUhR�fJdVT:F+UÒMYRzMhaeF+fwR�KDMOI$UhfµRzMhacb�I3MOF\X�F+vwvwI�UhX$a R�KBR�aeU³RzfJH�x�UhF+�JfBHwMhUOR�fJdVT:F�UVMYR,MOaeF�fÉMhNJUhF��Jx+NÉx+I�fBI�UORzK:R*b'a��RzMhaeF+f7AZP±NJI F�b+I$UOR�KcK6x+FWRzKed�R�UVI�MOFÎacfJX�UVI*R�dVI v�F��BaeKeaDM���3UVI�HJ�BX�I HJF'F+U���MOF��®HJF�F�U�MOUhR*b+I�KqMOaevwI�d � RzfJHTJUVF�b'acHJI�RzaeU²MOUhR�fJdVT:F+UÒMYRzMhaeF+f�MhF �BfJHJI�U���dVI�UVb�I�H v�R�U��zI$MhdgRzM�R�f<R��:F+UhHJR��JKeI�X$F+dVM�A P�FªRzX�X�F�v�TJKcaedVNMONBI�dhI[x+FWR�Kcd��JMhNJI²i'k�P�iGTJUhF�x+UOR�v¿aed·HJI$b�I�KcF+TJaefBxgX�F�fJX�I$TBMOdqF�L F+T�I�UhRzMOacF+fJd�R�fJHGI�fµR��JKeacfJxwMhI�XYNJfBF+KeF��x+acI�d�A¾p6fJIGFzL MONBIGX$F+fJX�I$TBMOd�F�L6F�T:I$UORzMhaeF+f���I�aefBx HJIyb+I$KeF+T�I�H R�d�TJR�UVMwF�LqMONJI�i�k�P�i TBUhF+x+UhR�vÍacdI�fWMhacMOKcI�H����qaex�NJI�Uʸ³F+Ke�JvwI pT�I�UhRzMOacF+fJd6� ��¸qp\�lR,M3fJF+f��®MOF���I�U �JfJF+f!�®UOR�HJR�UlRzaeUhT�F+UÒMOdlHB�JUhacfJx²Ð�fJdÒMOUh���vwI�fWM EGI$MhI�F+UVF+KeF+x�aeX*RzK�jlF+fJHBacMOacF+fJd\��ÐÒE j±��"BA

jl�JUhUVI�fWM·F+T�I�UhRzMOacF+fJd3R,M3fJF+f��®MOF���I�U �JfJF+f!�®UOR�HJR�UlRzaeUhT�F+UÒMOdlHB�JUhacfJx9ÐÒE j UhI$K#wF+f�TJUVF�X$I�HJ�BUOR�K�dhI$T!�R�UhRzMOacF+f$�JR�dhI$H�F+f�RQv�IyMONJF'HgF�L7F+fJI%�®aef'&,F+fJI%�®F+�BM�A�P±NJacdlvwI$MONBF�H�UhI�dV�JKcMhdlacf�R[dVaex+fBac¹µX�R�fWMlUVI�HJ�JXyMOacF+faef R�aeUVT:F+UÒM X�R�TµR�X$acM��AP±NJIÉi�k�P�i���¸qp X�F�fJX�I$TBM�·aeKcK�I$fµR��JKcI²v²�JKDMOacTJKeI\F+T�I�UhRzMOacF+fJdqMhF�fJF+f��®MOF���I�U �fJF+f���UORzHµR�UÊR�aeUVT:F�UVMOd³HJ�BUhaefBx[ÐÒE j A'ЮM�aedÊaevwT:I$UORzMhacb+I3MhNµRzMÊMONJacd�X$F+fJX$I�TBM(�:I�HJI$b�I�KcF+T:I$H�aef�R[UVaex+F�UhF+�Jdv�R�fJfJI$U\MhF)aefJdV�JUhIÉMONµR,M\dORzL�IyM� aed\fJF�MQX�F�v�TJUVF+vwaedhI$H7A«P±NJacdQUVI�)>�JacUhI�d\MONJRzM\MONJIÉX�F�fJX�I$TBM²�JfBHJI�UVx+FR�f)Iy|'MhI�fJdVacb+I[I$bzR�Kc�µRzMOacF+f*�+*��F�MON dhacv²�JK R,MOaeF�f�R�fJHGR�fµRzK#>MOacX*R�K:v�IyMONJF'HJd�A

Ð�f<MhNJaedwTµR�T�I�U ����I�HJI$v�F+fBdVMOUhRzMOI NJF��ÀMhNJI,�zI dOR,L�I$M� TJUhF�T:I$UVMOacI�dÉX*Rzf-��IGI$dVMYR��JKeacdhNJI$H-�+ Rv�RzMONJI$vgR,MOaeX�R�K7b+I$UhaD¹µX*RzMhaeF+f�v�IyMONJF'H.�µR�dVI�H F+f L�F�Uhv�R�K¬KeF+x+acXQR�fJH MONBI�F+UVI�v TJUhF�b'aefJxBA6P±NJI²d��dÒMOI$vaed�UVI�TJUVI�dVI�fWMOI$H�aefwR6L�F+Uhv�R�KBv�RzMhNJI�v�RzMOacX*R�K�K R�fBx+�µR�x+I·RzfJH«MONJI�UhI )'�BaeUhI$H�TBUhF+T�I�UÒMOaeI$dÊR�UhI3L�F+UVv²�JKeRzMOI$HR�d�X$F+f0/VI$X$MO�BUhI�d$A1k v�RzMONBI�v�RzMOacX*R�K·TJUVF�F�L6aedgX$F+fJdÒMOUh�BX$MOI$H MOF�dVNJF�� MhNµRzM�MONJI$dhI X�F�f0/VI�XyMO�JUVI�d)R�UVIaefBHJI�I$H�v�RzMONJI$vgR,MOaeX�R�K:MhNJI�F�UhI�vwdqR�fJH�X$F+fJdVI�)>�JI�fWMhK# MONµRzM·MhNJI[vwF'HJI�KcI�H d�'dVMhI�vºNµR�d·MONJIQUhI )>�JaeUVI�HTJUVF+T:I$UVMhaeI�d$A

kÀTJUVI�Keacv�acfµR�U� X�F+fJX$I�TBMÉFzL·F+T:I$UORzMhaeF+f �3R�d9HJI$b�I�KeF�T:I$H TBUhaeF�U[MOF MhNJI�X$F+v�TBKeI$MhaeF+f F�L±MONBIg¹µUhdÒMHJUhRzL�MÉF�L·MONJI)F��wX$a R�K3X$F+fJX$I�TBMwF�LqF+T�I�UOR,MOaeF�fJd�A P±NJaed²�lR�dÉHJF+fJI�MhF x�acb+I��Bd�R NJI�R�HÎdVMOR�UVMÉF+fÎMONBIHJIyb+I�KcF+TJvwI�fWM�F�L�RQUhaex�F+UhF+�Bd�vgRzMhNJI�v�RzMhaeX*RzKµR�fµR�K�'dhaed³vwI$MhNJF�HÉMONJRzMÊX*R�f$�:I��JdhI$H�MhF[b+I$UhaDL1«MONJI·¹µfµR�KX�F�fJX�I$TBM FzL F+T�I�UhRzMOacF+fJd·aefG^��+�ztJA�P±NBI[vwF�HBI�Ked·RzfJH�TJUVF�FzL�d�TBUhI�dVI�fWMOI$H aef)MONBaed·TµR�T�I�U·X�F�fJX�I$Uhf�F�fJK#MONBaed3TJUVI�KcaevwaefµR�U�«X�F�fJX�I$TBM�R�fJH�fJFzM3MONJIKeRzMOI$dVM±i�k�P�i*��¸qpZX$F+fJX$I�TBM·HJF'X��Bv�I$f>MhI�H)aef�MONJI6dV�Jvwv�I$UF�L�^z�+�+@BA�P±NBaed9TBUhI�KcaevwaefµRzU�GX�F+fJX$I�TBM9NµR�d[I�fµR��BKeI�H �Jd[MhF�HJIyb+I$KeF+T R)b'a R��JKcI«b+I�UVac¹µX�RzMOacF+fªvwI$MhNJF'HR�fJHwX�UVI*RzMhI R\dhacx+fJaD¹µX*R�fWMÊR�vwF+�JfWMÊF�L"UhI��BdOR��JKcI·Kea2�BUOR�UVaeI�d ��MONBI�F+UVaeI�d �'R�fJH�Rz�BMOF+v�RzMhI�HÉdVMhUORzMhI�x+acI�d�MONµR,M�·aeKcK3��I�JdVI$L��JK7L�F+U�MONJI6b�I�UhaD¹µX*R,MOaeF�f FzL�MhNJI6¹µfµRzK7X�F+fBX�I�T�MqFzL�F�T:I$UORzMhaeF+f�RzfJH)F�MONJI$U±d�'dVMhI�vwd·dhaevwaeKeR�UMOF«MhNJaed±F+fBI�A

P±NJI·TJUhI$Keacv�acfµR�U�QX$F+fJX�I$TBMÊaed�HJI$dhX$Uha2��I�Hwaef²MhNJI·fJIy|'MÊdhI$X$MhaeF+fwR�fJHwaef«vwF+UVI±HJI$MOR�aeKcd aef54u^06�A P±NJUhI$I�µR�dVaeXqI�KeI$v�I$fWMOdlFzL7MONJI d�'dVMhI�vÀRzUhI vwF'HJI�KcI�Hw�JdhacfJx9MONBI6o ¸\i�L�F+UVvgRzK�v�RzMhNJI�v�RzMOacX*R�KBK R�fJx��µR�x+I�7±�ÒC��MONBIgR�acUhdVTµR�X�IÉdV�JUhUVF+�JfJHJacfJx)MONJI�R�aeUVT:F�UVM8��X�R�KeKcI�H MONBI�i�I$KcL3jlF+fWMOUVF+KeKcI�H k UhI�Rª��iJjlk�9����^+�R)x+UhF+�BfJH�µR�dVI�HªR��BMOF�vgRzMhI�H d�'dVMhI�v X*RzKeKeI$H MhNJIÉk acUhT�F+UVM9E�R�fJR�x+I�vwI�fWM9EGF'HJ�JKcI���kE E��%�l��@W� MONBI�RzaeUhX$UORzL�MMOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+UVaeI$d�A P±NJI dORzL�IyM��UVI�)>�JacUhI�vwI�fWM�aed³L�F+Uhv9�JK RzMhI�H�R�d�R[x+I$F+v�IyMOUVaeX·dhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�f�TJUVF+T�I�UVM��A³{µUhF+vMONBIQvwF'HJI�Kcd±R�fJH)MONJI\dhRzL�I$M�)UVI�)>�JaeUVI�vwI�fWM8�µTBUhF'F�L�d·R�UhI\HJIyb+I$KeF+T�I�H)MONµR,M·dh�JTJT�F+UÒM�MhNJI\dORzL�IyM�)X�KeR�aev A

; <>= �� �@? A�B�C�D8E�����w�

P±NJI F���/VI$X$MOaDb+I)F�LqMONJacd«X�F+fJX$I�TBM�F�LqF+T�I�UOR,MOaeF�f acd²MOF TJUhF�b'aeHBIGRzf<Rz�BMOF+v�RzMhI�HÎdhI$UVb'aeX$I �·NJacXYN �·acKeKx+�µRzUOR�fWMOI$I�dhI$TµR�UhRzMOacF+f�R�dVdh�JUhR�fJX$I�L�F+U9RzaeUhX$UORzL�M[F+T�I�UhRzMOacfJx�acf MONBI�R�aeUVT:F�UVM[R�aeUVdhTµRzX�I�AGP±NJI�d��dÒMOI$vv²�JdÒMF��IQaevwTJKeI$v�I$f>MOR��JKcI �·acMhN�vwaefJacvgR�K�aef�L�UOR�dÒMOUh�BX$MO�BUhIg�.a�AuI�AlKeF��ÌX$F+dVMY�qR�fJH dhNBF+�JKeH,�:I\b+I$UhaD¹5R��JKcIMOF RGNJaex+N X$F+fB¹µHBI�fJX$I KcI$b�I�K�A P±NBI�d�'dVMhI�vÍX$F+fJdhacdVMhd«F�L±L�F+�JU²TBUhaev�R�U� L��BfJX$MhaeF+fµRzK�TµRzUVMOd 7 ��C��QMONBI

C

i�I$KcLQjlF+fWMhUhF+KcKeI�H k UVI*R ��iJjlk6�%� ��^+�²MONJIGk acUhT�F+UVMgE�R�fJR�x+I�vwI�fWM�EGF'HJ�JKeIª�.k6E E �9�6�.@W�ÉF�f!����FWR�UVHfµR*b'aexWR,MOaeF�f MhF�F+Kcd���R�fJH��.t>�±HµRzMOR�X$F+v�v9�JfJaeX�RzMOacF+f7A·p6fJK��MONJIQ¹µUhdÒM MhNJUhI$I9TµR�UÒMOdqF�L MONBI9d�'dÒMOI�v R�UVIvwF�HJI$KeI$H�aefGMONJacdqTµRzT:I$U�A6P±NJI9HµRzMYR�X�F+vwv²�JfJacX*RzMhaeF+f aedqR�dVdh�JvwI�H MhF>�:I9R*b�RzaeK R��JKeIQR�fJH�I�UhUVF+UqL�UVI�IzAÐ�f L��BMO�JUVI«b+I�UVac¹µX�RzMOacF+f I �:F+UVMhd��¬MONJIÉX$F+v�v9�JfJaeX�RzMOacF+f TµR�UÒM\F�LÊMONJIwd�'dVMhI�v5��acfJX�Kc�JHJacfJx�I�UVUhF+UVd��¬vgR8��IQX$F+fJdVaeHJI$UhI�H"A

P±NJI�i�I�KDL±jlF�f>MhUhF+KcKeI$H k UhI�R ��iJjlk6�acdR�X 'KeacfJHJI$Udh�JUVUhF+�JfBHJaefJx�MhNJIÉR�aeUVT:F�UVM6L.R�X$aeKcacM�+A\P±NJI�R�T!�TJUVFWR�XYN TJUVF�X$I�HJ�JUVI�aed �µR�dVI�H F+f R � oÊi �VP " RzTJTJUhF+R�XYN R�d²HBI�dhX$Uha#�:I$H aef 4 C 6�A {�acx+�JUhI C�acd²RGMhF+Tb'aeIy� FzL�MONJI²P§X$F+fB¹µx+�BUORzMhaeF+f7A k aeUVX�UhRzL�MR�TBTJUhFWRzXYNJaefJx�L�UhF+vºMONJI9dVMOUhR�aex�N>M���acf�UhI$x+aeF�f R�UVI²Iy|�T�I�X$MhI�H

FAF

STRAIGHT−IN AREA

LEFT BASE AREA

IAF_R

IAF_L

MAP

Runway

RIGHT BASE AREA

initial segement

intermediate segment

final segment

(Missed Approach Point)

Missed ApproachHolding Fix

IF

{�aex+�BUhI«C�7³�3RzdhaeXPS`6I�dVaex+f�L�F+U � oÊiGi'MOR�fJHµRzUhH)Ð�fJdVMhUh�JvwI�fWMqk TJTBUhFWR�XYN

MOF)TJUVF�X$I�I$H HBaeUhI$X$MhK#�MhF�MONJIÉÐ�fWMOI$UhvwI�HJaeRzMOIÉ{�aD| �.Ð�{��°A7k acUhX�UhRzL�MRzTJTJUhF+R�XYNJaefBx)L�UVF+v MhNJI �µR�dVIÉUhaex�N>MF+U �µR�dVI KeIyL�M�R�UhI�Iy|�T�I�X$MhI�H�MhF9TJUVF�X$I�I�HgHJaeUVI�X$MhK#²MhF9Ð�fJaDMOaeR�Kµk UVUhacbzR�K5{�aD|G��Ð�k6{���Uhacx+NWM�F�U�KcI$L�M8�>UVI�dhT�I�X9�MOaDb+I$K#��°AÉk acUhX�UhRzL�M\I�fWMhI�UhacfJx)MONJI�iJjlk�R�X$X�I�T�M9UVI�dhT�F+fJdVa2�JacKeaDM�GL�F+UdVI�TµRzUORzMhaeF+f7AÉP±NµR,M[acd��¬R�acU6MOUhR��wXX�F�f>MhUhF+K�dVI�UÒb�acX�I$d R�UVI\fJF�M·TJUVF�b'acHJI�H aefJdVaeHJI6MhNJI[iJjlk9A

P±NJI�k aeUVT:F�UVMÊE�RzfµR�x+I$v�I$f>M�E F�HJ�BKeIQ�.k6E E � aed³RX$I�fWMOUhR�Kea���I�HwR���MOF+v�RzMOI$HÉd�'dVMhI�v �·NJacXYN�X$F+v �v²�JfBaeX*R,MOI�d3b'aeR²HµRzMYR²Kcaef �É�·acMhN)R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M±R�UVF+�JfJH�MhNJI\R�aeUVT:F�UVM*A�P±NJIkE EÓ�·aeKcK�M�'TJacX*R�KcK#�UhI$dhaeHBIF+fMONBI R�acUhT�F+UVM x+UhF+�BfJHJd�A�P±NBIqk6E E dVI�UVb�I�d±Rzd�RzfgR�U��JacMhI�UÊR�fJHwdhI )>�JI�fJX$I�U$A�ЮMÊUhI$X�I$acb+I$dlUVI�)>�JI�dÒMOdÊL�UhF+v������ ��������������������� !�"����#���$�% ��&����'(�"���)�+*,���!- ��"$!.(�)/0��!#1�����.�����#���$23���4*5#��+6����%�7�%.�.� �#���/8:9

^

R�acUhX�UhRzL�M3MhF�I$f>MhI�U·MONJI[iJjlkZR�fBHGx+UhR�fWMOd·F+U·HJI$fJaeI$dqRzX�X�I$dhd$A � UOR�fWM·F+U·HJI$fJa R�K"F�L RzX�X�I$dhdqaed �µR�dVI�HGF+fR«MOaevwI%�®dhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�f�X�UhaDMOI$Uha R�A��rNBI�f Rzf�R�acUhX$UORzL�M·UVI�)>�JI�dÒMOdqI�fWMOU�)aefWMOFÉMONJI[iJjlk ��MhNJI\kE E XYNJI�X �>dMONJRzMqMhNJIQUhI�)>�JI$dVMhaefJx�RzaeUhX$UORzL�M±�·acKeK ��IQMhaevwI\dhI�TJR�UORzMhI�H �:RzMqHJI�dVaex+fJRzMOI$H�T�F+aefWMOd �µ�·acMON�R�KeK�FzMONJI$U R�acU��X�UhRzL�M³R�KcUhI�R�H ²x�acb+I$fÉR�X�X$I�dVd��,A�P�FQacv�TBKeI�vwI�fWM�MONJI3MhaevwI%�®dhI�TJR�UORzMhaeF+f9dhXYNJI$v�I·aef²R�lR8²MONJRzM�HJF'I�d�fJFzMF�b+I$UhK#�X�F+fJdÒMOUhR�aef�MONBI\R�aeUVdhTµR�X$I�� �B�BMqR�XYNJaeIyb+I$dqR«dVaevwTJKeaD¹µI�H�RzX�X�I$dhd�X�UVacMOI$UhaeR ��MhNJIQiJjlk1�3Rzd�HBacb'aeHJI$HaefWMhF�mgUhI$x+aeF�fJd�A{�aex+�JUVI²^wdhNJF��·d6MONBI«R�X�X$I�dVdUhI�x�aeF+fJd$A6k acUhX$UORzL�Mqaef�MhNJI²dhR�v�I[F+U6RzH0/hR�X�I$fWMUhI$x+aeF+fBd

IF

FAF

Region 2

Region 3 Region 4

Region 5

straight−in area

right base area left base areaRT (runway threshold)

runway

IAF_R IAF_L

Region R Region L(Region 1) (Region 6)

Virtual IAF

Entry Not Permitedin this zone

SCA Boundary

{�aex+�JUVIQ^!7ÊiJjlk��·I�x+acF+fJd3L�F+U±k6E E ´�fWMOU� jlUhaDMOI�UVa R

v²�JdÒM �:I6MhaevwIdhI�TJR�UORzMhI�HGRzM±MONBI\L�F�KeKeF��·acfJx²HJI$dhaex�fµRzMOI$HGT�F+acf>Mhd�7

� P±NJI[iJjlk ��F+�JfJHµRzU�

� P±NJI\Ð�k {S��Ð�fJacMha R�K:k UhUVacbzR�K"{�aD|J�lF+U3¸ aeUVMh�µR�K7Ð�k {

� P±NJI\Ð�{ �.Ð�fWMOI$UhvwI�HJaeRzMOI\{�aD|J��"� # ����$�� !� �!��1�1$!�4.(�% 8� �!��#�� �%� ����� #�� �!��)$ �1. #���� ��$&� � � $ ���"/��)$!$��% � � #� �!�������� ��#+(� 2����3��# *,���"����� #�� �!��

��#� ������� $ . �4�)�-.� �#%6����"$,#�� � ��� �4 ��4� �����3. �"$,#�� �%�� �/4 ��%��� �%���+�!��4�� ��! 8��� �)/0��#� ����)$49 ����$� �)�%��$,�!��%� �!������������$ ��� 2��+� ��� �8�%'���$ �+#%�&���� 8/� 8� ��� ���3.(�)$ ����� �!��"�� ��$�$!#3/4���%�!�)� � �"$�/��"� �1$!.(�"�"��$1��$ � ������/��!��#�� #%� ����$ ������/�� � �#� �!�� ���3* � ��9 ��� � ���8�%����$1#��&�# * �!��!����� . �4 !� #� 1$ ����"$!� /4����/"��� � �!��#��($ �% �� ��#%� ����/������ �)� ��� �!��#1# � �"��9 �����#� ������� �! 8��� �"/��!#� !���"$�% ���� �����4 1�����)��'$���!�� /4#���/4�4. �,����$!�4��� �����-�% �� ����/������ �)� ���-#��� % # � �"��9

@

� P±NJIQ{'k6{ ��{�acfµR�K"kqUhUVacbzR�K7{�aD|J�

� P±NJI ��P � �·�JfW�3R8)P±NJUVI�dVNJF+KeHµ�k acUhX�UhRzL�M�acf fBF+f R�H0/hR�X$I�fWM UhI�x�aeF+fJdgv²�JdVM5��I MOacv�I dVI�TµRzUORzMhI�H RzM�MONJI L�F�KeKeF��·acfJx�HJI$dhaex�fµRzMOI$H

T�F+aefWMOd 7� P±NJI\Ð�{ �.Ð�fWMOI$UhvwI�HJaeRzMOI\{�aD|J�

� P±NJIQ{'k6{ ��{�acfµR�K"kqUhUVacbzR�K7{�aD|J�

� P±NJI ��P � �·�JfW�3R8)P±NJUVI�dVNJF+KeHµ��rNJI$fwMhNJI±kE E x+UhR�fWMOd³R�X$X�I�dVd�MOFQR�fwR�aeUVX�UhRzL�M8�zacM �JUVFWR�HJX�R�dVMhd�MOF6MONBI·R�aeUVX�UOR,L�M³R�fw´�dVMOacvgR,MOI�H«P±acv�IF�L�k UVUhaDb�RzK �.´³P�k�°ABP±NJI\´�P�k d·X�F�UhUhI$dhT�F+fJH�MOF[MONJI6L�F+KcKeF��·aefBx[HJI$dhacx+fµRzMhI�H�T�F+aefWMOd 7ÊiJjlk ��F+�JfJHµRzU���Ð�k6{ � Ð�{(��{'k6{(��R�fJH ��PA P±NJI ´�P�k dwR�UhI*�JR�dhI$H<F+f MhNJI�Iy|�T�I�X$MhI�H MOUOR /VI�X$MhF+U���ÊMhNJI�M�'T:I)F�L�MONBIR�acUhX�UhRzL�M8�JR�fJH)MONJI\fJF+vwaefJR�K7dhT�I�I$H�TJUVF�¹µKcIF�L�MhNJIQR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M*A�ЮMqaed·R�dVdh�JvwI�H MONµRzM·dV�JacMOR��JK� �®I�)>�JacTJT:I$Hi�k�P�i9RzaeUhX$UORzL�M¬�·acKeK>NµR*b+I3F�f!����FWR�UVH[fµR*b'aex+RzMOacF+fQMhF�F�Ked�MONµR,M x+I$fJI�UhRzMOI�NJI*R�HBaefJx R�fJH²dVT:I$I�H«R�H�b�acdhF+UVaeI$d��b�I�XyMOF+UVaefJx>�lMhFwI$fµR��JKcI6MONJI\TJacKeF�MlMOF � �MhNJI\Iy|�T:I$X$MhI�H�MhUOR:/VI$X$MOF�U�)R�fBHGvwI�IyM±MONJIQ´�P�kqd�A

P±NJI·F���/VI$X$MOaDb+I·F�L�MONJacd�X�F+fBX�I�T�M�acd MOFI$fµR��JKcI·R\x��µR�UORzf>MhI�I±MONJRzMÊR�KeKBR�aeUVX�UhRzL�M acfJdhacHJI3MONJI�iBjlkr�·acKeKUhI$vgRzaef dhI�TJR�UORzMhI�H R�d�KeF�fJx�R�d·MONBI9TJacKeF�Mhd � �acf�R�X$X�F+UVHµR�fJX$I9�·acMhNGMhNJI9acfJdVMhUh�JXyMOaeF�fJdqx�acb+I$f.�+)MONJacdd�'dÒMOI�v AQP�F�I$dVMYR��JKeacdhN�MhNµRzM6MhNJaed6x��µR�UORzf>MhI�I²acd bzR�KeacH �5�lI«v²�BdVMdVNJF�� �7L�F+UR�KcK�T�F+dVdha2�BKeI9MhaevwI�d6RzfJHR�KcK�RzKeKeF���I�H RzaeUhX$UORzL�MQMOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+UVaeI$d9MONµR,M«x+I�F�v�IyMOUhacX�dVI�TµRzUORzMhaeF+f�acd9v�R�aefWMOR�aefJI$H7A�P±NBaed9b�I�UhaD¹µX*R,MOaeF�faed9R�X�X$F+vwTJKeacdhNJI$H��JdhacfJx RGL�F�Uhv�R�K�v�RzMhNJI�v�RzMOacX*R�K�vwI$MhNJF'H ���·NJacXYN aed9HBI�dhX$Uha#�:I$H acfªMONBIgL�F+KeKcF��·aefJxdhI$X$MhaeF+fJd$A³P±NJI[x��µR�UORzf>MhI�I\aed±I$K R���F+UhRzMOI$H)R�d�RÉMhF+T)KeI$b�I�K�dhRzL�I$M�)TJUVF+T�I�UVM��R�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d 7���¬%>�5�,%'& ����� �����y��» Ã"���

� Ä�Ä �� e��+�� e�O�£�$¢��'����� ��� �,� � ����Y� ��¥ ��� � ����¦ � ��� � ����Y� ��¥ ��� � ����¦ � ��� � ���¥���� ��¥ ¥�� �z¥����� �y�B¥������.�,� ��� ��� � ��¢h������� » ¢Ò���,��  �����$¡��B� ��!�,� � ����� !��� � �$��¦V� � ��!�,� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V�V�

P±NJacdQMhNJI�F+UVI�vÓ�·acKeK���I�I°|�TJK R�acfJI�H aef HJIyMYR�acK�aef MONJIwfJIy|'M[dhI$X$MOacF+fJd �B�J�BM[aef�L�F+Uhv�R�KeK�)MONJacd\MhNJI�F�UhI�vdVMORzMOI$dMONµRzM6acL�MONBI«kE EÑTJUhFzMOF'X�F+K�TJUhF+T�I�UÒMOacI�d\R�UVI²dORzMhaedÒ¹µI�H � ��F�MhN RzaeUhX$UORzL�M6R�UhI²�·aDMONJacf�MONBIwiJjlkR�acUhdhTJR�X�I��>R�fJH ��F�MONÉF�LµMhNJI�acU I�fWMOU�«T�F+aefWMOd R�UhI±fJFzM �·acMhNJaef9MhNJI±fJF\I�fWMhU� �$F+fJI·RzM�MONJI �µRzdhI·F�L5MONJIlP@�MONBI�f)MONJIMOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+UVaeI$d�FzLB��F�MON R�acUhX$UORzL�M �"!��� � ����� !��� � �$��¦V�3R�fJH ��!��� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V�±R�UhI\dOR,L�I�K#gdhI$TµR�UOR,MOI�H#,AP±NJI)TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOIg¢h������� » ¢V���,�� �������¡�$)Iy|�TJUhI$dhdVI�d�MhNJIgL��JfBHµR�vwI�fWMYR�KlTJUhF+T�I�UÒM�ªMhNµRzM²M���F T:F+acfWMOd²acfdhTJR�X�I[R�UhIdV� �wX�acI�fWMOK�)dhI�TJR�UORzMhI�H 7

¢V������� » ¢Ò���,��  �����$¡�����%& ��� %& � �('¡B� ¢Ò����%& ��� %& � �*) ¢Ò��� �\��¥,+���B¥ ��� �+¢Ò� ���- �¥��� .�'��%& ��� %& � ���À¡B�£¢��$��%& ��� ��!� /-0+�21 ¡B� ¢Ò����%& ��� ��!� /30��4) ¢Ò��� �\��¥z�

576 ��*,����� '(� ��$!����� �������#���� ����#��98": �!#1 ��4.� ��"$!�4� � �!�� �������!� �%�:$ ��� ��� !�)/�#� 8�������<;8": ��#1 !�".� !�)$ �"� � �!�����# /4�%�!��#��+#%��!�� �%�� �/4 ��%��� ��� �!����������!� �%� $ ���%�!��9

t

�·NJI$UhI %& � R�fJH %& � RzUhI²T�F+aefWMhd6aef RgM���F��®HJaevwI�fJdVaeF+fJR�K�b�I�XyMOF+UdVTµR�X�IzA[P±NBI«¡B�£¢��qL��JfBX$MOacF+f aed HJI$¹µfBI�HR�d±L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

¡B�£¢��$��%& � %� �('�� ��%&���� %��� � � 1 ��%&�� %�� � ��rNJI�f�M���F R�acUhX�UhRzL�M[R�UhI�F+fªMhNJIgP R�fBH�F+fJI�F�L±MONJI$v aed9F�f�R �µRzdhIgKcI�x�R�fJHªMhNJI�F�MhNJI�U[aedQF+f

¹µfµRzK5R�TJTJUVFWR�XYN �>KeacfJI*RzU TµRzMhN�dVI�TµR�UhRzMOacF+fÉX*R�f ��I·�JdhI$HgUOR,MONJI$U³MhNµR�fÉx+I$F+v�IyMOUVaeX±dhI$TµR�UhRzMOacF+f7A�krvwF+UhIHJIyMYR�acKeI�H)HJI$dhX$UhaeT�MOaeF�f�F�L��B¥ ��� �+¢V� ���- �¥��� $9�·aeKcK ��I[x+aDb+I$f�aef)dVI�X$MhaeF+f�@BAn@BAlP±NJI[X�F+fBdVMYRzf>Mq¢Ò��� �Q�_¥²acdfJF+vwaefJR�KeK�g@«fµRz�BMOacX*R�K7vwaeKcI�d$A

� � ��� �� ��� < �� �� ���w��� ���� � ��@� � �����P±NJI²i�I�KDL³jlF+fWMOUVF+KeKcI�H)k UVI*R���iJjlk6�·acdqHJIy¹µfJI$H R�dqRwX$aeUhX$KeI\F�L�UOR�HJac�Jd ��� � ���¡B����¢·fJF+vwaefµRzKeK#�dhIyM6R,MC�^²fµR���MOaeX�R�K7vwaeKcI�d��BR�d·X*R�f5��IdhI�I$f�acf)¹Jx+�JUhI[^�A

����� � � ��!#"��%$'&)(�!+* ,.-�-�/)�%,102(P±NJI[R�TJTJUVFWR�XYN MOFÉMONJIQUh�JfW�lR8 L�F�KeKeF��·d·RwdVMYRzfJHµR�UVHGP1RzTJTJUhF+R�XYN7A3P±NJIQPÌacd�HBI$¹µfJI$H �+)¹Jb+I\¹B|�I�d 7�·�JfW�3R8ÉP±NJUVI�dhNBF+KeH�� ! e�h�9��{�aefµR�K�k TJTBUhFWR�XYN�{�a}|)�!�.���h�%�>Ð�fWMOI$UhvwI�HJaeRzMOI·{�aD|�� �"!� /-0+�%�>Ï�IyL�M³Ð�fJacMha R�K�k UhUVacbzR�K{�a}|ª� ��!����� ½+�9�"R�fBH �·aex+NWMqÐ�fJacMha R�K�kqUhUhaDbzR�K¬{�aD|ª� ��!����� ¼7�%��I*RzXYN F�L �·NJacXYN R�UVI9T�F+aefWMOd�aef ^�` dVTµR�X$I�� �J��MIy|BR�XyM\X�F'F+UhHBaefµRzMhI�d R�UhI²fBF�MdhT�I�X$ac¹µI$H ��Iy|�X$I�TBML�F+UqMONJI !�.�����·NJaeXYN acd MONJI9F+Uhacx+aefGF�L³MONJI²X$F�F�UhHJacfµRzMOId�'dÒMOI�vÅ�.� � �W�°A�{µF+U±R�KcK�¹�|BI$d �J�BM±MONBI !�.���%�JvwaefJacvgRzK�X$F+fJdÒMOUORzaefWMOd·R�UVI6x+aDb+I�f R,|�acF+vgR,MOaeX�R�KeK���WHJIy¹µfJacfJxMONBIQUVI�KeRzMOaDb+IKeF'X*R,MOaeF�fJd3F�L�MONJI¹B|�I$d�7

��!����� ½ �3 �"!� /-0 ���!����� ¼ �43+� �"!�£��� ½ � ���!����� ¼ �3 ��!� /-0 ���!����� ½ � 1 ��!� /30 65 ��� � ���¡B����¢

{µUhF+v MhNJaed³��I6dhI$I���MhNµRzM�MONJIqP aed�R�dhdV�Jv�I$H�d�'vwv�IyMOUVaeX��WMhNµRzM3acdÊMhNJIqM���F²acfJacMha R�KµRzUhUhaDbzR�KJ¹B|�I�d\� ��!����� ½R�fJH ��!����� ¼7�±R�UhI[RzM�I�)>�µRzK�HBaedVMOR�fJX$I�dqL�UVF+v¿MhNJI[acfWMOI�UVv�I$HJa R,MOI6¹B|ª����!� /-0+�yAlP±NBI9K RzdVM�TJUhF�T:I$UVM�)I�fBdh�JUVI�dMONJRzM±b'aeUVMh�µR�K7acfJacMha R�K5¹B|�I�dqR�d·vwI�fWMOacF+fJI�H���I�KcF��ÌR�UhI6�·aDMONJacf�MONJI[iJjlk[A

P±NJI\L�F+KeKcF��·acfJx«R�HBHJacMhaeF+fµRzK:TJUVF+T�I�UVMhaeI$dqRzUhIHJI$Uhacb�I�H L�UhF+v�MONJIM�'T:IQX�F�fJdVMhUOR�acf>Mhd·F�L�MhNJI¹B|�I�d 7

! c� ��3 ��� ! e� �5 � � ! c� �78� ��� �  �,¡B�9��¢ ���!� /-0 ��3 � � �"!� /-0 �7 ��� �"!� /-0 �5 � � �  �,¡B�9��¢ ���!����� ½ �:7 � � �"!�£��� ½ �;5 � � �  �,¡B�9��¢ � �"!�£��� ½ 3 ��!� /30

P±NJacd±F+UhacI�fWMOdlMhNJIP aefgMhNJIX�F'F+UhHBaefµRzMhI d��dÒMOI$v,�µdVFÉMhNµRzM3MhNJI ! e�laedlHBaeUhI$X$MhK#$�:I$KeF��rMONJI,!�.���%�µR�fJH�MONBIaefBacMOaeR�K:R�UhUVacbzR�K:¹�|BI$d²� ��!����� ½wRzfJH ��!����� ¼:�±R�UhII°|JRzX$MOK��KeIyb+I$K¬�·aDMON�MONBI ��!� /30>A

]

P±NJI\L�F+KeKcF��·acfJx²HJacdVMOR�fJX�I$d�R�UhI\HJIy¹µfJI�H L�F+U±X�F�f>b�I�fJacI�fJX$I�7�£�����>� � 'S¡B� ¢Ò��� ��!� /-0 � ��!����� ½��� ���z�.��� 'S¡B�£¢����!�.��� � �"!� /-0���.����� c�('S¡B� ¢Ò��� ! c� � !�.���h�¡ �£��� 'Z�������'� �21 � ���,�.���21Î�.����� e�

P±NJI�HJacdVMOR�fJX�I�¡ �£���[aed[MONJI�HBaedVMOR�fJX$I�v�I�R�dh�JUVI�H R�KcF+fJxGMhNJI�P L�UhF+v R�f aefBacMOaeR�K³R�UVUhacbzR�K³¹B|ªMOF MONBIUh�Bf>�lR8�MONJUVI�dVNJF+KeH"A

����� ��������� � � � $ &)(�!������

P±NJI[R�aeUVdhTµRzX�Iaed±HBI�X�F�v�T�F+dhI$HGacfWMOFÉHJaed1/VF+aefWM±UVI�x+acF+fJd �5R�d±dhI$I�f�acf�¹µx+�JUVI9^�7  �$¤��£�B¥'¼ �W��%& � ' ��%& �;5 � � %&��5 ��!� /30 ��+Å��%&��43 � � %&��5 ! e� � +Å��%&��:5 �"!�£��� ¼ � � %&� 3 �"!� /-0 �  �$¤��£�B¥'½ �W��%& � ' ��%& �;7 � � %&��5 ��!� /30 ��+Å��%&��;7 ��!����� ½ � � %& �3 ��!� /30 � e��¤�� �B¥'Ä �W��%& � ' %&��7 �"!� /-0 Á,��¢V��� ��¤J¼ �>��%& � ' ��!����� ¼ ��� %&�� � %&��;5 ��!� /30 � � %&��3 ��!� /30 Á,��¢V��� ��¤J½��>��%& � ' �"!� /-0 �;5 %&�� � %& ��� �"!�£��� ½ � � %&� 3 ��!� /30 /�¥,�3� � �W��%& � ' %&��43 !�.��� � � !�.��� 5 %&� � %&��� ��!� /30 /�¥,�3� �-�W��%& � ' %&��43 !�.��� � � ! e� 5 %&� � %& �� !�.��� �W¥��³�$» �>��%& � ' %&��43 !�.��� � � ! e� 3 %&�

P±NJI«¹µUVdVMMONBUhI�IÉUVI�x+acF+fJdHJaDb�acHJI²�JT MONBI«dhTµR�X$IÉF+�BMOdVaeHJI²MhNJIÉP �JR�dhI$H F+f �·NJacXYN aefJaDMOa RzK�R�UVUhaDb�RzK�¹B|��F+�JKeH �:Iw�JdVI�HªL�F+UQR�acUhX$UORzL�M\acf MhNµRzMQT:F�dhacMhaeF+f"AgP±N>�Jd²Rzf�R�acUhX�UhRzL�M\aef UhI$x+aeF�f � ��F+�JKcH � MhFGMONBI��!����� ¼�A �·I�x�aeF+fwE aed MhNJI·R�UhI�R6�·acMON +��X$F�F�UhHJacfµRzMOI$d�NJaex�NJI�U MhNµR�f«MONµR,M³F�L ��!� /30!�+MhNµRzM³acd MONJI�R�UVI*R\R���F�b�IMONBI�P acf ¹Jx+�JUhIg^!��UhI$x+aeF+fªE acdQR�KedVFGX�R�KeKcI�H MONJI������ �"!$#&%'��(�!*)+�"�-, ��A�´³R�XYN�FzLlMONBI�dhIwMONJUVI�IwUhI$x+aeF+fBdIy|'MhI�fJH�acfWMOF\MONJIqR�aeUVdhTµRzX�I�F+�BMOdVaeHJI·MONBI6iJjlk[A�P±NBIqKeR�dVM³¹Jb�I UhI$x+aeF�fJdÊMhF+x+IyMONJI$U�v�R���I·�JT�MONJI�PA>P±NJI�µR�dVI�KcI�x+d��.!*)/!*�0!��"12�3,4#"56,�)/�7��aef[¹µx+�JUVIC���R�UVIlMONJI±TJRzMONJd ��I$M���I�I$fwMhNJI±aefBacMOaeR�K'R�UhUVacbzR�K>¹B|�I�d�� �"!����� ¼�RzfJH��!����� ½+� RzfJH MONJI ��!� /30�A\P±NJI$f �:IyM��lI$I�f MONJI ��!� /30gR�fBH MhNJI !�.��� acd MONBI9¹µUhdÒM\TµR�UÒMF�L³MONJI[¹µfµR�K�RzTJTJUhF+R�XYN� /�¥,�-� ���9� R�fJH�L�UVF+v !�.���QMhF ! e�[aed\MONJI�dhI$X�F+fJHÎTµRzUVM)� /:¥,�-� �W�yA�{�aefµRzKeK#���MONJI�UV�JfW�3R8 aed[x+acb�I�f R�d9RdhacfJx+KcIT:F+acfWM*A

P�F�L��JUVMhNJI�U·L.R�X�acKeaDMYRzMhIF+�JUqR�Kex+F�UhacMhNJv5�B�lI[HJacb'acHJI[UVI�x+acF+f�E aefWMOFwtgdV� �'8'UVI�x+acF+fJd 7 ��I$x+aeF+fBd·M���FMONBUhF+�Jx�N ¹Jb�I�7

e��¤�� �B¥&�-�>��%& � ' %&��7 �"!� /-0 � %&��:5 � � %&� � �"!� /-0 �� � %&�� e��¤�� �B¥&9-�>��%& � ' %&��7 �"!� /-0 � %&���� � � %&� � ��!� /30 �78� %&�� e��¤�� �B¥;:3�>��%& � ' %&��7 �"!� /-0 � %&��:7 � � %&� � �"!� /-0 �7 %&�� e��¤�� �B¥;<3�>��%& � ' %&��7 �"!� /-0 � %&�� ) � � %&� � ��!� /30 =� %&��

m

´³R�XYNgFzL:MhNJI�dVI�UVI�x+acF+fJd³X�F�b�I�U�R\tW]���dhKeacX�I±F�L:UhI$x+aeF�fgE AWP±NJIqHBacb'aeHJacfJx6KcaefJI$d³R�UhI·R�dVdhacx+fJI�H�R�d�L�F+KcKeF��·d�7P±NJI�HJaDb'aeHJacfJx KeacfJI ��I$M���I�I$f UVI�x+acF+fJdÉ^ R�fBHÎ@.�:I$KeF+fJx�d9MOF UVI�x+acF+f ^!� MONBI�HJacb'aeHBaefJx KcaefJI$�:IyM��lI$I�fUhI$x+aeF�fJd3@²RzfJH�t ��I�KcF+fJx+dÊMOF²UVI�x+acF+f�@²RzfJHgMONBI6HJacb'acHJaefJxQKeacfJI �:IyM��lI$I�f)UhI$x+aeF+fBdlt«R�fBH ] �:I$KeF+fBx+dÊMhFUhI$x+aeF�f�]'A

��� � � /)! � � 0 ,6&�! �� ��� � �� & ЮM\aedqX�F+fWb�I�fJacI�fWM[MhF*�:I²R��JKeI[MOF�Iy|�TJUVI�dVdQ�·NJIyMONJI$UQR�T:F+acfWMaed �·aDMONJacf R�X�I$UVMOR�aef x+UVF+�JT F�LÊUVI�x+acF+fJd�AP±NJacd«aed²I�R�dhacK#ªR�X�X$F+v�TBKeaedVNJI�H �+ HBI$¹µfJacfJx dhF�v�I)R�HBHJacMhaeF+fµRzK�TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI�dÉR�d«X$F+f0/V�JfBX$MOacF+fJd«F�L�MONBI�µR�dVaeXUVI�x+acF+fJd�A

{�aeUVdVM²��I)NµR*b+I�TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI�dÉ�B¥ Á,��¢V��� �$¤3$GR�fBH �B¥ /:¥,�-� $��³I*RzXYN FzLq�·NJacXYNÎX�F+v �BaefJI$d9M��lF F�L�MONBIUhI$x+aeF�fJd±HJI$¹JfJI�H�R��:F�b�I�A³�B¥ à $QMONJI$fGX$F+v �JacfJI�d3MhNJI�dVIQM���FwfJI$�1TBUhI�HBaeX*R,MOI�d$A

�B¥ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤��'��%& � ' Á,��¢V��� ��¤J¼ �>��%& ��+ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤µ½ �'��%& ��B¥ /�¥,�-� �>��%& � ' /�¥,�3� � �W��%& ��+ /:¥,�-� �-�>��%& ��+ �W¥����$» ����%& ��B¥ à �W��%& � ' �B¥ Á,��¢V��� �$¤�����%& ��+À�B¥ /�¥,�-� �>��%& �

� acb+I$f�M��lFwT:F�aefWMOd·aef�MhNJI[iJjlk �J��IQX*R�f)HJIyMOI�UVv�acfJI\acL¬MONBI )R�UVI\F+f)HJa#�:I�UVI�fWM9�.F+TJT�F+dVacMOI*� �µR�dVI�KcI�x+d 7��-���+¢°� ��� Á,��¢V��� ��¤�¢��'��%& �"� %& � � ' ��Á,��¢V��� �$¤µ¼ �>��%& � ��� Á,��¢V��� ��¤J½��'��%& � �V��+

��Á,��¢V��� �$¤µ½��>��%& � ��� Á,��¢V��� ��¤J¼ �'��%& � �V�P±NJIvwaefJacvgR�KBdhI�TJR�UORzMhaeF+fgdORzL�IyM��X�UVacMhI�UhaeR[acdlUhI$K R,|�I$H�R²KeaDMhMOKcI±�·NJI�f*��F�MON)RzaeUhX$UORzL�MlR�UVI F+f�MhNJI6P

aefwMONµR,M�MhNJI dVI�TµR�UhRzMOacF+fgv�R8 �:I R�KeF�fJxQMhNJI PA'Ð�f�dVF+v�I�X*RzdhI�d�MONJacd�acdÊMhNJI dhR�v�I R�d³MONJIqx+I�F+vwI$MhUhacX*R�KHJacdVMYRzfJX�I���NJF���I$b�I�U±aefÉMONBI aefBdVMYRzfJX�I��·NJI�UVI F+fJI R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M³aedÊF+f�R �µR�dVI�KeI$x²R�fBHgMONJI�F�MhNJI�U�aedÊF+f�¹µfJR�K �MONBIHJaedÒMYR�fJX$IQR�KeF+fBx9MONJI � acx+NWM±TµRzMhN)aed±dhNBF+UVMhI�U3MONJR�f�MONJI\x+I$F+v�IyMOUVaeX*RzK:HJacdVMOR�fJX�IzA³P±N'�Bd�aDM±aed±�BdhI$L��BKMOF ��IQR��JKeI6MhFÉHJaedÒMOaefBx+�JaedVN�MONJacd·dhacMh�µRzMhaeF+f �'L�F+U3�·NJacXYN ��I\HJI$¹µfBI9RÉTJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI��¥ ��� ��¢V� �$�- �¥��� $�7

��¥ ��� ��¢V� �$�- �¥��� �B��%& ��� %& � � ' �.��¥ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤��'��%& � � � �B¥ /:¥,�-� �>��%& � �h��+�.��¥ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤��'��%& � � � �B¥ /:¥,�-� �>��%& � �h�

P±NJI)MOaevwaefBx X�F+vwTµR�UVaedVF+fJd²L�F+UÉR�acUhX$UORzL�MÉRzUhI�HJI$T:I$fJHJI�fWMgF+f �·NJI$MhNJI�UÉMONJI R�acUhX$UORzL�MÉRzUhI)aef MONBIdORzv�IUVI�x+acF+f �JacfGRzH0/hR�X�I$fWMqUVI�x+acF+fJd±F+U·acf�fJF+f!��R�H0/hR�X$I�fWM�UhI�x�aeF+fJd$A

¢h�W�q�  �$¤��£�B¥��>��%& ��� %& � � '� e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �>��%& � ���  �$¤��£��¥'¼ �>��%& � �V� + �  �$¤��£��¥'½��>��%& � ���  �$¤��£�B¥'½ �>��%& � �V��+� e��¤�� �B¥&�-�>��%& � ���  �$¤��£�B¥&���'��%& � �h� + �  �$¤��£��¥&9-�W��%& � � �  ��¤'�£�B¥&9-�>��%& � �h��+� e��¤�� �B¥;:3�>��%& � ���  �$¤��£�B¥;:-�'��%& � �h� + �  �$¤��£��¥;<3�W��%& � � �  ��¤'�£�B¥;<3�>��%& � �h�

�,¡��������,¥��  ��¤'�£�B¥��'��%& �"� %& � � '� e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �>��%& � ���  �$¤��£��¥&�-�>��%& � �V� + � e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �W��%& � ���  �$¤��£��¥&�-�>��%& � �V��+� e��¤�� �B¥'½��>��%& � ���  �$¤��£��¥;<3�>��%& � �V� + � e��¤�� �B¥'½��>��%& � ���  �$¤��£��¥;<3�W��%& � �V��+� e��¤�� �B¥&�-�>��%& � ���  �$¤��£�B¥&9��'��%& � �h� + �  �$¤��£��¥&�-�W��%& � � �  ��¤'�£�B¥&9-�>��%& � �h��+� e��¤�� �B¥&9-�>��%& � ���  �$¤��£�B¥;:-�'��%& � �h� + �  �$¤��£��¥&9-�W��%& � � �  ��¤'�£�B¥;:3�>��%& � �h��+� e��¤�� �B¥;:3�>��%& � ���  �$¤��£�B¥;<-�'��%& � �h� + �  �$¤��£��¥;:3�W��%& � � �  ��¤'�£�B¥;<3�>��%& � �h�

s

ЮM6acdq��F+UVMhN fJF�MhaefJxwMONµRzM6R�KcMhNJF+�Jx�N UhI$x+aeF+fBd6ÏÎR�fJH �ZR�UVI«R�H0/hR�X$I�fWMacf Rgx+I$F+vwI$MOUVaeX�R�K¬dhI�fBdhI��7MhNJI R�UVIqfJFzMlHJIy¹µfJI$H)R�dlRzH0/hR�X�I$fWM3aefwMONJacdÊL�F�Uhv�R�Kea��*RzMhaeF+f �,dhacfJX�I R�aeUVX�UhRzL�MÊaefwUhI�x�aeF+fJd��rR�fJHgÏ � «MOF��3RzUhHM���F�HJa��"I$UhI$f>M�Ð�k {�d[� ��!����� ¼ R�fJH ��!����� ½z�yA

����� �8! & !#/�� ���� ��� &�(�!�� �%/)/)! 0 & � /)/ ���1,."�� ��

�3R�dVI�H�F�f MONBIgT�F+dhaDMOaeF�f FzL·R�f�RzaeUhX$UORzL�MQF+��MOdhacHJIÉMONJI�iJjlk �¬MONJIgR�TJTJUVF+TJUVa RzMhIwacfJacMha R�K R�UhUVacbzR�K ¹B| acd�JfJa#)>�JI�K� HJIyMOI�UVv�acfJI�H"A«Ð®L3R�f R�acUhX$UORzL�Macdaef UhI$x+aeF�f � �.UVI�x+acF+f Ï��9�"MONBIwacfJacMha R�K�R�UVUhaDb�RzK�¹B| acd ��!����� ¼� �"!�£��� ½��%�µNJF���I$b+I$U6acL�MONBI9R�acUhX$UORzL�M·acd�acfGUVI�x+acF+fGE �5acM·NJI�R�HJd�HJaeUVI�XyMOK#gMOFÉMONJI �"!� /-0�A��I$b�I�UVMhNJI�KcI�dVd6acM·acd�JdVI$L��JK�MOFÉHJIy¹µfJI\b'aeUVMh�µR�K7acfJacMha R�K5¹B|�I�d·L�F+U·R�acUhX$UORzL�M±I$fWMOI�UVaefJx«MhNJUhF+�Bx+NGUVI�x+acF+fGE 7

��!� � �£�����%&� � ' %&� 1 �ÒC � ��!����� ½ �¡B� ¢Ò���%&� � ��!� /30��

������!� /-0 � %&� ��·NJI$UhI %&� aed�R�f)aefBacMOaeR�K�T:F+acfWM·aef�UhI$x+aeF�f�E A

P±N>�Jd���x+aDb+I$f RgT�F+dhaDMOaeF�f�aefGMONJI²iJjlkº�.F�U aefBHJI�I$H aefGMhNJI«R�acUhdVTµR�X�I[F+�BMhdhaeHBI��qF+fBI9X*Rzf X�F+vwTJ�BMhIMONBI\¹�|�MONµR,M�MhNJIQR�aeUVX�UhRzL�M±TJUVF�X$I�I�HBd�MhF��lR�UVH�R�d3L�F�KeKeF��·d 7

��!��Â+�£�z �£�����%&� 7������.¦ &�� ���:¦V� '����  �$¤��£��¥'¼ �>�%&� �3Ã������ �"!�£��� ¼�7½ � ���  �$¤��£��¥'½��>�%&� �3Ã������ �"!�£��� ½�7½ � � �"!� � �������%&� ����� !���

k KDMONJF��Jx+N �lIw�JdVIwMhNJI«b�acUVMh�µR�K acfJacMha R�K�R�UhUVacbzR�K�¹B|�I�d[L�F�U\R�aeUVX�UOR,L�MI�fWMOI$UhacfJx MhNJUhF��Jx+N UhI�x�aeF+f E �7��IR�KcdhF�FzL�MOI�f,/V�BdVMÉR�dVdh�JvwIgMhNµRzM9MhNJI x+F dÒMOUhR�aex+NWM[MOF�MhNJI �"!� /-0'A���F��lIyb+I�U ��dVaefJX$IgMONBIgb'aeUVMh�µR�KÊaefJaDMOaeR�KR�UVUhacbzR�KJ¹�|BI$d·R�UhI�F+fgMhNJI dÒMOUhR�aex+NWM�KeacfJIC��I$M���I�I$f�MONJIqI�fWMOU�gT�F+aefWMÊL�F+U³MONJI R�aeUVX�UOR,L�MlRzfJHgMONBI �"!� /-0!�>MONJacdHJF'I�d·fJF�M·XYNJR�fJx+IQF+�JU·R�dVdh�JvwTBMhaeF+fJd·F+f�MhNJI � aex+NWM·TµR,MON7A

" � ��� �� ���8� �� � �1� ���$# �1�&%��@�·��� � =

{µ�JfJHµRzv�I$f>MOR�K�MhF)MhNJIÉdhT�I�X$ac¹µX�RzMOacF+f F�L�MhNJI�i�k�P�i d�'dVMOI$v aed6MhNJIÉHJI�KcaefJI�RzMOacF+f F�LÊMONJI«MOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+UVaeI$dF�L�R�acUhX�UhRzL�Mqaef MONBIÉi�k�P�i R�aeUVdhTµRzX�I�A\P±NJI$dhI«MOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+UVaeI$dR�UhI9v�F'HJI�KcI�H �BdhaefBx)RgL��JfJX$MhaeF+f ��!�,� � ���[F�LMOacv�I�7

~

��!�,� � �'�W� !�,�*����¦V�('½ �Bà ¦ � ��� 3 �O���q� ��� �����*�.�,�*� �

�"!�� /30 3 ��!��Â+�£�, �£����� !�,�*� �¦����� 3 �,¥��" e» �O���q�>������� ���

� ��¦ 5 ¦ � ��� Ã������ !�,�91É��¦ � ¦�������� �"!� ��� �  �B� ¢��+¡:� !��� � ��!�q /-0 � ��� �u¤+¢O��"½ � � ��¦ ) �O���q� ��� c��������� à ��� � � e� � � e� ��"½ � �

� �À¦4)¾�O�_� � ��� � �*�������rÃ����������!� /30 � � �"!� /-0 � ¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+�������$��¦V� � �������'� �O�

�"½ � � �  �$¤��£��¥'¼ �>� !������+ e��¤�� �B¥'½��>� !�,�*� à ������ � ��!�� /30 3 ��!����� ¼ à ��� � �"!� ��� �B¥ � ��¤µ¼��.¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+����������¦V�h�

�"½ � � �"!� ��� �B¥ � �$¤µ½B��¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��W�.�,�*����¦V�h�� �� !� �

�"½ � ���!�� /-0 1 ¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��W�.�,�*����¦V�

�������'� � ����!� /30 � ��!�q /-0+�� �� !� �

� �� !� �

�·NJI$UhI !���3aed¬MONBI3aefJaDMOaeR�K+KeF'X*R,MOaeF�f[F�LµMhNJI±R�acUhX$UORzL�M¬�·NJI$fwaDM�I$fWMOI�UVd MONJI3i�k�P�i²R�acUhdhTJR�X�IzA�P±NJacd�L��JfJXyMOacF+fHJI$X�F+vwT:F�dhI�d6MhNJI²X�R�KeX$�JK RzMhaeF+f F�L³MONBI²T:F�dhacMhaeF+fGF�L�MONBIÉR�aeUVX�UOR,L�MF�µRzdhI�H �JT�F+f MhaevwI�A6P±NJI ��I �MOaevwI�dR�UVI

�O�_� � ��� �������������97 MhaevwI\R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M·R�UVUhacb�I�d�RzM±MhNJI\aefJaDMOa RzK"R�TBTJUhFWRzXYN ¹B|3 �z¥��" e» �O���q�W�.�,�*� 1 ¡B�£¢��$� !��� � ��!�qÂ+� �z ������� !�����V������� �u¤+¢

�O�_� � ��� � ���������97 MhaevwI\R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M·R�UVUhacb�I�d�RzM±MhNJI\aefJaDMOa RzK�¹B|�O�_� � ��� e�$�������97 MhaevwI\R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M·R�UVUhacb�I�d�RzM±MhNJI\Uh�JfW�lR �MhNJUhI$dhNJF�KeH

P±NJI MhaevwIqMhNµRzM±Rzf�R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M3I$f>MhI�UVd3MONJI\i'k�P�i�R�aeUVdhTµR�X$I acdlUhI$TJUhI$dhI$f>MhI�H5�+�R�f��BfJaefWMOI$UhTJUVI$MhI�H�L��JfJX9�MOacF+f �J�,¥��" e» �O���q�>�.�,�*�yA

� ��� � !#$ �%/)!�������� ��� ��������� ��!o�UhacF+U�MhF6�O���q� ��� �£�����.�,�*�%��MhNJI·R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M�MhUOR*b+I$Ked�RzM�R6X�F+fJdÒMYR�fWM�b�I�KeF'X�aDM�+A�ЮM �3Rzd�X�F+fWb+I$fJaeI$fWMÊMhFHJI$¹JfJIMONBI«R�aeUVX�UhRzL�MqMhUOR:/VI$X$MhF+U���JdhacfJx�R�KeacfJIQaef ^�` dVTµR�X$I�A\P±NJI9MhUOR�HJaDMOacF+fµR�K��lR GMOF�HBI$¹µfJIÉR�KeaefBI9aef ^�`dhTJR�X�I6acd(�+�dVT:I$X�aDL1�acfJx[M���F«HJacdVMOacfJX$MlT:F�aefWMOd � %& " RzfJH %& � ��F+f�acM�A��l�BM±R9KeacfJIqX�R�f�R�KcdhF ��I HBI$¹µfJI$H�� R«T:F�aefWM·R�fJH R²HJacUhI$X$MOacF+f�b+I$X$MhF+U�AÊ{µ�JUVMhNJI�UVv�F�UhI����lI\X*RzfGRzKedhFÉRzHJH)H 'fµR�vwaeX�d3MhF«F+�JU±KcaefJIq�JdhacfJxwR�f

aefBacMOaeR�K�T:F+acfWM %& " R�fJHGR«b�I�KcF�X$acM��b�I�X$MhF+U %� R�d3L�F+KcKeF��·d�7%&�" 1 ¦�%�

�·NJacXYNªHJI$dhaex�fµRzMOI$dMONJIwKeF'X*RzMhaeF+f�F�L±R�vwF�b'acfJx)TµR�UVMhaeX$KeIÉRzM\MOacv�I[M*AwP±N'�Bd[aDL !���ÉaedMONJIÉT�F+dhaDMOacF+f F�LMONBIÉR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M �·NJI$f aDMI�fWMhI�UhdMhNJIwi�k�P�i R�aeUVdhTµRzX�I��"acMT�F+dhaDMOacF+f��JT MhF�MONJI«Ð�k {rX�R�f���I«X*R�KcX��JKeRzMOI$HR�d±L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

!�,�91É��¦ � ¦�������� �"!� ��� �  �B� ¢��+¡:� !��� � ��!�q /-0 � ��� �u¤+¢O��·NJI$UhI\¦�� ��³acd±MONJI\I�fWMhU��MOacv�I\RzfJH ��!� ��� � e�B� ¢��+¡�� !�,� � ��!�� /30 � �,���n¤+¢h�3aed±MONBIQX$F+fJdÒMYR�fWM�b+I�KcF�X$acM��FzL�MONBIb+I$NJaeX$KeIzA qF�MhI�MhNµRzMÊMONJacd�b+I�KcF�X$acM�«b�I�X$MhF+UÊaedÊX�F+vwTJ�BMhI�H�L�UVF+v MhNJIqacfJacMha R�K�T:F�aefWM8�WMONBI�¹µfJR�K5T:F+acfWMlRzfJHMONBIQdVT:I$I�H�R�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d 7

� ��� � e�B� ¢��+¡���%& ��� %& � ��� � ' � � %& � 3 %& � à ����� �y�� e��7½ � � �

¡B�£¢��$��%& ��� %& � ���%& � � %& � �

���� !���

� ��� � ! &�� ! ! � ������� ��� ��������� ��! , ��� ������� ��� � ��� � ��!p6fJX�I²MhNJI«R�acUhX$UORzL�M UhI*RzXYNJI�dQR�f Ð�k {¾F+URgb'aeUÒMO�µR�K�Ð�k6{¾aDM ��I�x+acfJd MhF�HJI�X$UhI*RzdhIÉacMhd6dhT�I�I$H acf R�X$X�F+U��HµR�fBX�I6�·acMhN)R²dhT�I�I$HGTJUVF�¹µKcI MONµR,M±aed±R9L��BfJX$MhaeF+f�F�L�UVI�v�R�aefJacfJx9HBaedVMOR�fJX$I6MOF²MONBI6Uh�JfW�lR8�MONJUVI�dhNBF+KeH7AP±NJI$UhI$L�F�UhIqR\L��JfBX$MOacF+fÀ¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+�B¥��+�������$��¦V� aed³fJI$I�HJI$HgMOFQX�F+vwTJ�BMhI±MONJI�UhI$K RzMhacb+I±HBaedVMOR�fJX$I�A³`6I$MOR�aeKcd�R�UVITJUVF�b'acHJI�HÉaef«dVI�XyMOaeF�fwtBAntJA�P±NJI±T�F+dhaDMOaeF�f²F+f«MONJI±P<RzM MhaevwI�M³HJI$T:I$fJHJd³�JT�F+f«�·NJaeXYNÉF�L5MhNJI3M��lFQÐ�k6{�dF+Ub'aeUÒMO�µR�K�Ð�k6{�dMONBIgR�acUhX$UORzL�MTJR�dhdVI�HªMhNJUhF+�Bx+N7AÉP±NJI ��!�,� � �'�ÉL��BfJX$MhaeF+f ¹µUVdVMQMOI�dÒMOd\MOF)dhI$I��·NJIyMONJI$UMONBI\R�aeUVX�UOR,L�Mlacd3X��JUVUhI$f>MhK#�RzM·R�f�Ð�k {r�.a�AuI�A�I$fWMOI�UVI�H�L�UhF�v�UVI�x+acF+f � F�U3UhI$x+aeF+f)Ï���F�U3R9b'aeUÒMO�µR�K:Ð�k6{lAЮL aDM±aed·R,M�R�fGÐ�k {�MONJI$fGMONBIQT�F+dVacMOacF+f�acd±X*R�KcX��JKeRzMOI$HGRzd·L�F�KeKeF��·d 7

��� �"!�� /-0 3 ��!�£��� ¼ à ��� � ��!� �'� �B¥ � ��¤µ¼��.¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+�B¥��+�������$��¦V�h��7½ � � �"!� ��� �B¥ � ��¤µ½B�.¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+����������¦V�h����� !� �

�·NJI$UhI\MONJI\dh� �BL��JfJXyMOaeF�fJd�R�UhI\HJIy¹µfJI�H�R�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d�7

�"!� ��� �B¥ � �$¤µ¼ ���.� ' ���� 5 �£�����>� �3à ��� � � ��!����� ¼ � 1� � �"!�£��� ¼ ��7½ � �ª���"!� /-0 � � ��!� /30 �� ��� � �������'� �O�V����� !� �

�"!� ��� �B¥ � �$¤µ½J���.� ' ���� 5 �£�����>� �3à ��� � � ��!����� ½ �:� � � ��!����� ¼ ��7½ � �ª���"!� /-0 � � ��!� /30 �� ��� � �������'� �O�V����� !� �

C��

ЮL"MhNJI�R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M�I�fWMhI�UhI$H�MhNJIqiJjlk MONJUVF+�Jx+NwUhI$x+aeF+f�EºR�fJHwNµR�dÊR�KcUhI*RzH ²TµRzdhdhI$H�MhNJUhF+�Bx+N«MONJI±b'aeUÒMO�µR�KÐ�k6{ �JMONJI\T�F+dhaDMOaeF�f�aed±X�R�KeX$�JK RzMhI�H R�d±L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

�"!�� /-0 1 ¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+�������$��¦V��������'� � ���"!� /-0 � �"!�� /-0��

� � � � $ & ! / � � � � � � � ����� ��!ЮL�MONJI3MhaevwI3aed³RzL�MhI�U��O�_� � ��� e����������MhNJI�f«MhNJI±L��JfJX$MhaeF+f«UVI$Mh�JUhfJd�MhNJI·KeF'X*RzMhaeF+f[F�L:MhNJI·Uh�JfW�lR8²MONJUVI�dVN!�F+KcHª� e� � � c� �°AÊp6MhNJI�UÒ�·aedVI��JMONBI[RzaeUhX$UORzL�M·acd±F+f�MONJI¹µfJR�K¬R�TJTJUVFWR�XYN7A³P±NJI\X�R�KeX$�JK RzMhI�H)KeF'X*R,MOaeF�f�aed 7

� �"!� /-0 � � ��!� /-0 �� ¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��W�.�,�*����¦V� � �������'� �h�� ��� � ,." 0 � " ,6&/� � � �%$�� ��� � � ��� � ��� � ! � !P±NJI·dhT�I�I$H�FzL:MhNJI·R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M�RzL�MhI�U�aDM�UhI�R�XYNJI�d�R�fÉÐ�k6{ F�U³Rb'acUVMO�JR�KBÐ�k { acd HJIy¹µfJI�H$�+ÉR6dhT�I�I$H�TJUVF�¹µKcIHJIyMOI�UVv�acfJI�H � �acMhd3R�acUhX$UORzL�M³M�'T:IzA³P±NJaed�dhT�I�I�H)TJUVF�¹µKcIqacd3R[L��JfBX$MOacF+f�F�L7UhI�v�R�acfJaefJxQHJacdVMYRzfJX�I MhF9MONBIUh�Bf>�lR8�MONJUVI�dVNJF+KeH"A�{µF+U±I°|BR�v�TBKeI���MONJI\dhT�I�I$H�TJUVF�¹µKcI6L�F+U3MONJI[jlI$dhdhfJRGC�s+^²acd�7

¢��+���$¡ �� e� / � � �"��� �J�� ��Y�(' � �� �� � C à ��� � �+� 1 ^�]J�� �� � C���7½ � � �� �� � ]�Ã������ ����7½ � � �� �� � s�Ã������ C�^�� 1 �ÒC�^�� � �+�W�

^ �� �� � s+��7½ � � C�^������ !���

i�acfJX�I±MONBaed�L��JfJXyMOaeF�fwacd�X�F+fWMhaef>�JF+�Jd �'��I�X*R�fwHJI$¹JfJI RMOacv�I9�®MhF���T�F+aefWM�L��JfJXyMOaeF�fgR�d�MhNJI·aefWMOI$x+UOR�K ���·acMhNUhI$dhT�I�XyMqMhFwHBaedVMOR�fJX$I��µF�L�F+fJI\F�b+I$U�MhNJI\dhT�I�I�H TJUVF�¹µKeI��µTJKe�Bd·R�f�R��JdhF+Kc�BMOI6MhaevwI6X�F�fJdVMOR�fWM�����7

�Y�=� �����.�,�*��� �.� 3����" C¢��+���$¡ �� e� / � �>����� � ¡ ����� � �.� � 1����

�·NJI$UhI����µaed�MONJIÊMOaevwIÊRzM��·NBaeXYN9MhNJI3R�acUhX$UORzL�M�X�UVF+dhdVI�d MhNJIlÐ�k {(���µacd�HJIy¹µfJI$HÉR�d�MhNJIlHJacdVMOR�fJX�IÊMOUhR�b�I�KcI�HRzL�MhI�U«X�UVF+dhdVaefJx MONBI Ð�k {(� ¡ �£���«acd²MONJI)TµR,MONÎHJaedÒMYR�fBX�I�L�UhF+vÅMONJI)Ð�k {1MhF MhNJI�Uh�Bf>�lR8ÎMONJUVI�dhNBF+KeH �R�fJH MhNJIÉR�Uhx��Jv�I$fWM\�,�«acf MONJI«dVT:I$I�H TJUhFz¹µKeI9L��BfJX$MhaeF+f dh�BTJTJKeacI�d MhNJI²M�'T:IÉF�L�R�acUhX$UORzL�M�A[P±NJI$UhIyL�F+UhI���Y� � ���$�������$���W� 3 �O�_� � ��� �£���*�����z¥ � �YA qF�MhI�MhNµRzM³¡ ����� � �7acd³MhNJI·UhI$vgR�acfJaefBxHJaedÒMYR�fJX$I�MhFMONJI�Uh�JfW�lR8MONBUhI�dVNJF+KcH7A

i�aefBX�I[MhNJI9dVT:I$I�H TJUVF�¹µKcI[acdqX$F+fWMOaef>�JF��JdR�fJHGT:F�dhacMhacb�I��5MONJIQL��JfJX$MhaeF+f �Y�=�����·aed�X�F+fWMOacf>�JF+�JdRzfJHaefBX�UhI�R�dhacfJx �JdVFw��I\X*R�f HJIy¹µfJI[R�f)aefWb+I$UhdhI\L��JfJXyMOacF+f R�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d 7

¦ 3 �Y� � ���$�������$� �.� � ¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+�B¥��+�������$��¦V� 3 �

ЮM�aedÊaevwT:F+UÒMYR�fWM�MhF ��I$I�T�acf�vwaefBHwMhNµRzM�¡B�£¢�� ¤��B¥��qUVI$Mh�JUhfJdÊMONJI�UhI$K RzMhacb�IqHJacdVMOR�fJX�I·MOUhR*b+I�KcI�HgL�UVF+v MONBIÐ�k6{ �J��M�MOR���I$d RzdqRzfGRzUhx+�JvwI�fWMqR��JdVF+Ke��MOI6MOacv�IzA

C+C

ȳ%�&ª&ª= � �h�¬%'�,���J=B������% ��%'2.=����.���

¡W�� �� � ���O� � � e���£���O�£��¥ 7 ½ �"Ä�Ä � ��� �B7 [�Y� � ���$����� � �$� �.� � ) [�Y� � ���$����� � �$� �.� � ��+

��� �B7 \�Y�=�����*�.�,� � �����.� � ) \�Y�=�����*�.�,� � �����.� � � �ÒC��

� �����°AgP±NJacdQacd\I�dVMOR��JKcaedhNBI�H L�F�U[RzKeK X$F+v �JacfµRzMOacF+fJdF�L3R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M\dhT�I�I$H�TJUhFz¹µKeI$d �+ R X*R�dVI�dVTJKeaDM\F+fI*RzXYN<F�L�MONBI dVT:I$I�H<TJUhF�¹JKeI�L��JfJXyMOacF+fJd�AÎP±NJacd«aedÉR���I% TJUhF+T�I�UÒM��MONJRzM«�lI UhI$K#ªF+f MONJI)I�dÒMYR��BKeaedVNdhI$TµR�UhRzMOacF+f)F+f MhNJI\PA

� � � � ���*����³� ? ����� � ��� �� Ð�f²MONBaed dVI�X$MhaeF+f ��MONJIlUhI�)>�JacUhI$v�I$f>Mhd L�F+U�MhNJI3kqaeUhX$UORzL�M�E�R�fµRzx+I�vwI�fWMÊEGF'HJ�JKcI\�.k6E E ��RzUhI3HJI$dhX$Uha2��I�H"AP±NJI$dhI�UVI�)>�JaeUVI�vwI�fWMOd5�µR�dVaeX�R�KeK�¾HJIy¹µfJI�RzfÌR��JdÒMOUhR�X$M MOacv�I dVI�TµR�UhRzMOacF+fSTBUhF�MhF�X$F+K ���·NJaeXYN HJF fJFzMdhT�I�X$acL1 R�f+ F�L³MONBI²HJI$MOR�aeKcd6F�LÊR�f acv�TJKcI�vwI�fWMYR,MOaeF�f7A P±NJI% R�UVI²aefWMOUVaefJdVaeXQMOF�MONBI«X�F+fJX$I�TBM\aDMOdVI�KcL³F�UR�UVI·R\TBUhF'HJ�JX$MÊF�L5MhNJI±L�F+Uhv�R�KBTBUhF'F�L�TJUhF'X�I$dhd �.a�AuI�A,MONJI%²��I�UhIqR�HJHBI�Hwaef«F+UVHJI�U�MOFX$F+vwTJKeIyMOI·RTJUhF'F�LO�yAo�UhF+T�I�UÒMOacI�d�MhNµRzM ��I�UVI±fJI�I$HJI�Hwaef²F�UhHJI$U MOF6I$dVMYR��JKeacdhN²MONBI3dhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�f«KeI�vwv�R�d���I�UVI·X�F+KcKeI�XyMOI$H²�JfJHJI$UR«TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI\fµRzv�I$H � Ä�Ä �� e��+�� e�O�£�$¢�$9HBI$¹µfJI$H R�d±L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

� Ä�Ä ��  ����� c�O�£��¢ �B�.�,� ��� ��� � � ' � Ä�Ä ��� �-�>����� ��� ��� � � ��O�_� � ¢Ò��� ��  ��,��,¥��" e» �O���q�>����� � � 7 �,¥��" e» �O���q�>�.�,� � ����£��� ½ ¤�� ¢Ò��� �\��¥,��_¥+� � ¢V��� �� e�������� ��� �,� � �

� IÉ�·acKeK�HJaedVX��JdVdQI�R�XYN F�L�MhNJI�dVI�X$F+f0/V�JfBX$MOd\acf MhNJI«F+UVHJI�UMONJRzMMONJI% R�TJT�I*RzU�AÉ{�acUhdVM MONJIÉTJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI� Ä�Ä ��� ��$�aed�MONBIlR��BdVMOUhR�X$M�UhI$TJUhI$dhI$f>MORzMOacF+f9FzLBMONBI�k6E E MhaevwaefJx±TJUVF�MOF'X�F�K>R�fJH9HBI$¹µfJI$H²R�d¬L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

� Ä�Ä ��� �-�>�.�,� ��� ��� � � ' �O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� c���>����� ��� ��� � � ��O�_� � ¢V���,�� ����O�£�B¥ ��� �.���"�>����� �"� �,� � ����O�_� � ¢V���,�� ����O�£�B¥ ��� � ���>����� ��� �,� � ����V�h��¢h�W� �  �$¤��£�B¥��>� !�,� ��� !�,� � �+���¡��Ò�����,¥��  �$¤��£�B¥��>� !�,� ��� !��� � �V�h��DÄ���½�� � �

�O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� �£�����>����� ��� �,� � ����O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� �,¥��" e» �'����� ��� ��� � �V�

P±NJI ¹JUhdVMlMONJUVI�I6X$F+fJdVMhUh�JXyMOd±dVT:I$X�acL1wMONJRzMlMhNJI�UVIaed�MhaevwIqdVI�TµRzUORzMhaeF+fgRzM3MONBI Uh�Bf>�lR8�MONBUhI�dVNJF+KcH �.UÒM°�%�MONBI[¹µfµRzK�R�TBTJUhFWRzXYN�¹B| ��L.RzLO� �:R�fJHGMONJI[aefJaDMOa RzK"¹B| �.acLO�yA·P±NJI[fJIy|'Macv�TBKeaeX�RzMOacF+f�dVMORzMOI$dqMhNµRzM6aDL MONBIM���F�R�acUhX�UhRzL�MwR�UVI acf MONJI dOR�vwI)UhI$x+aeF+fÎF+UÉacf R�H:/hR�X�I$f>MwUVI�x+acF+fJd��ÊMONJI$f<MhNJI�UVI�R�UVI�M��lFªR�HJHJaDMOaeF�fµR�K

C�^

MOacv�acfJx)X�F+fBdVMOUhR�aefWMhd���fµR�vwI�K����MONµRzM[MONJI$UhI�aed[MhaevwI�dVI�TµRzUORzMhaeF+fªRzM9MhNJIgÐ�k {�d«R�fJH�RzM9MhNJIgT�F+aefWM[F�LI�fWMhU�+AÊP±NJI�O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥²TBUhI�HBaeX*R,MOI�d�R�UVI\HJI$¹µfBI�H Rzd·L�F�KeKeF��·d 7

�O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� �,¥��" e» �'����� ��� ��� � �('Ì�,¥��" e» �O���q�>����� � � � �z¥��" e» �O���q�>�.�,� � �4)¾�O���q� ¢V���

�O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� �£�����>����� ��� �,� � � ' �Y�=� ���$�.�,� � ���.�W� � �Y� � ��������� � �$���W� )¾�O�_� � ¢Ò���

�O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� � �"�>�.�,� ��� ��� � �(' �Y� � ��������� � �$���������'� �O� � �Y�=� �����.�,� � ���®�������'� �h�4)¾�O���q� ¢Ò���

�O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� �.�����W����� ��� ��� � � ' �Y� � ���$����� � �$���£�����'� �21¾� ���z�.���O� ��Y�=�����$����� � ���®�������'� � 1 � ���z�.���Y� )¾�O�_� � ¢Ò���

�O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� c�����.�,� ��� ��� � � ' �Y� � ��������� � �$�.¡ �£���h� � �Y� � ���$����� � �$�.¡ �����h�4)¾�O���q� ¢V���

P±NJI kE�E acv�TBKeI�vwI�fWMORzMOacF+f<�·acKeK�NµR*b+I MOF T�I�UÒL�F+Uhv vgR�f+<X*R�KcX��JKeRzMOacF+fJd�aefWb+F+KDb'aefJx RzaeUhT�F+UÒM�x+I9�F+vwI$MhU���·RzaeUhX$UORzL�MwMOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+UVaeI$d�R�fJH dhT�I�I�HrTJUVF�¹µKcI�d��·RzfJH¾F�MhNJI�U�I°|'MOI�UVfµR�K�L.R�X$MhF+Uhd�dh�JXYN R�dw�·aefJH �X�F�v�v²�BfJaeX�RzMOacF+fJdlHBI�K R8��µR�fJH)TJacKeF�MlI�UhUVF+U±aef�F�UhHJI$U3MOFÉX*R�KcX��JKeRzMOI�MOacv�I6HBI�K R8'd±MONµR,M3�·aeKcK"vwI�I$M±MhNJI�dVIUhI )>�JaeUVI�vwI�fWMOd$A ЮMgaedwaevwT:F�UVMYRzf>M«MhNµRzMwMONJIGUhIy¹µfJI�vwI�fWMgF�L6MONBI�dhI�kE E UVI�)>�JacUhI�vwI�fWMhdgaefWMhF I°|BI9�X���MYR��JKcI·X�F'HJI �:I·X*RzUhUhacI�HwF+�BMÊaefwRUhacx+F+�JUVF+�Jd�v�R�fJfJI$UÊR�fJHÉL�F+Uhv�R�KeK�\b+I�UVac¹µI$H�R�d���I�KcK5R�dÊMhNJI·F�b+I�UhR�KeKd�'dÒMOI�v X$F+fJX�I$TBM*A�ЮM�aed³RzKedhFQaevwT�F+UVMOR�fWM MONµR,MÊMhNJI�kE EºX�F'HJI �:I�aevwTJKeI$v�I$fWMOI�H«F�fgRL.R��JKDM��®MhF+KeI$UOR�fWMX�F�v�TJ��MOaefBx�TJKeRzMhL�F+UVv,� ��I�X*Rz�JdhIgMhNJI�UVI�KeaeR��JacKeacM�GUhI )>�JaeUVI�vwI�fWMOd9�·acKeKD��I�b+I$U�ªNJaex+N"AGP±NJacd[�lR�d²fJFzMRzMVMOI�vwTBMhI�H acfGMONBaed I%�"F�UVM8�3�J�BMq�·aeKeK¬fJI$X�I$dhdORzUhaeK� ��I²R�TµR�UVM F�L³F+�JU�L��BMO�BUhI9I%�"F�UVMOd F+f�MONBI9I$b�F+Kcb'acfJxi�k�P�i�X�F+fBX�I�T�M F�L�F+T�I�UhRzMOacF+f7A

P±NJI²dVI�X�F�fJH X�F�f0/V�JfJXyMaef)MONJI[TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI � Ä�Ä ��  ����� c�O�£��¢ $«aed·�O���q� ¢V��� �� e��«�·NJaeXYN�aed�HJI$¹µfBI�HR�d±L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

�O���q� ¢Ò��� �� e�� ' �O�_� � ¢V��� q�Q�_¥ ¢�������¡ ) ¢V��� �\��¥P±NJacd�X�F�fJdVMhUOR�acf>M�I�dVdhI$f>Mha R�KcK#\HJIy¹µfJI$d��O���q� ¢Ò���·aef\MOI$Uhvwd�F�LBMONJI³MONJI�v�acfJaev9�JvSx+I$F+vwI$MOUVaeX³dhI$TµR�UhRzMOacF+f�.¢Ò��� �\��¥z��R�fJH MONBI²dhT�I�I$H FzL�MONJI²dVKeF���I�dVM\T�F+dVdha2�BKeI[R�aeUVX�UOR,L�MÉ���\��¥ ¢��+�$��¡'�°AP±NJI²MONJacUhHGX�F+f0/V�BfJX$M\acfMONBI±TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI � Ä�Ä ��  � �+�� c�O�£�$¢�$ acd /V�JdVM�RfµR�vwaefBx6X�F+fWb�I�fWMOacF+f�I$dVMOR��JKeacdhNJacfJx6MONJRzM MONBI·¹JUhdVMÊRzaeUhX$UORzL�MMOFÉI$f>MhI�U·MONJI[i�k�P�i)R�acUhdhTJR�X�I\aed±KeR���I�KeI$H)R�d\CQR�fJH)MONJI\dhI$X�F+fBH�aed±KeR���I�KeI$H ^!7

�,¥��" e» �O���q�>����� � � 7 �,¥��" e» �O���q�>�.�,� � �P±NJIL�F+�JUÒMON)X�F�f0/V�JfJXyM acf�MONJI\TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI � Ä�Ä �� e��+�� e�O� ��¢ $9aed ����� ½ ¤�� ¢V��� �Q�_¥²HJIy¹µfJI�H�R�d3L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

����� ½ ¤�� ¢Ò��� �\��¥ 'Z����� ½ � ) ¢Ò��� �\��¥P±NJacd�aed�RqUVI�dÒMOUhacX$MhaeF+f[F+f9dVa ��I�F�Lµ¢Ò��� �\��¥·X�F�v�TµRzUhI�H[MOFqMhNJI��·acHBMON[F�LJMhNJIlP ��F+U�b'aeX$I�b�I�UhdhRW�yA {�aefµRzKeK#��MONBI\¹BL�MON X�F+f0/V�BfJX$M�aef�MhNJI\TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI � Ä�Ä ��  � �+�� c�O�£�$¢�$9acd ��¥+� � ¢Ò��� ��  ��Q�·NJaeXYNGaed±HJIy¹µfJI$H R�d 7

�_¥+� � ¢Ò��� ��  ��B����� �"� �,� � � '¢V�W� � e��¤�� �B¥��>� !��� ��� !�,� � � �� q�Q�_¥ ¢������$¡ ) ¡B�£¢���� !��� ��� ��!� ���9� � ¡B� ¢Ò��� !�,� ��� �"!� ���[�h�21΢V��� �\��¥

C�@

�·NJI$UhI � 'À�z¥��" e» �O���q�>�.�,� � � � �z¥��" c» �O�_� �+����� � �\R�fJH ��!� ��� aedMONJI�X�F+vwvwF+f aefJaDMOa RzK�R�TJTJUVFWR�XYN ¹B|:AP±NJacdK R�dÒMX�F+f:/V�JfJX$M�lR�dQR�HJHBI�H MOF�L.R�X$aeKeaDMYRzMhI9R�TBUhF'F�L�A9ЮM\RzHJHJdQR�f R�HJHBacMOacF+fµR�K�UhI$dVMhUhaeXyMOacF+f MOF�MONBIMOacv�acfJx TBUhF�MhF�X$F+K�A�i�aev9�JK RzMhaeF+fQUh�BfJd��·acMON²MhNJaed R�HJHJaDMOaeF�fµR�K'UhI�dÒMOUVaeX$MhaeF+f«dVNJF��·d�MONµRzM�MONJI±T�I�UÒL�F+Uhv�R�fJX$IT�I�fµR�KDM��acf MOI$Uhvwd6F�L�R�aeUVT:F�UVM6F�T:I$UORzMhaeF+fµRzK�X�R�TµR�X$acM� acd b+I$U��dhv�R�KeK�AP±NJaedX$F+f0/V�JfJXyM\UhI )'�BaeUhI$d6MONµR,MMONBIkE E HJI$MhI�UVv�acfJI MONBIHJaedÒMYR�fJX$I�d±MOF²MhNJI\Ð�k6{ª�·NJI$f MhNJI6M���FgR�acUhX$UORzL�M3R�UhIacf�MONJIdhR�v�IUVI�x+acF+f7A

� < � �+� � = � ��� Eª�@� � =

Ð�f)MONJI\aefWMhUhF'HJ�JX$MhaeF+f ����I[dÒMYRzMhI�H)MONµRzM±MhNJIMOF+T KeIyb+I$K7MONJI$F+UhI$v �ÒC��3acd�7� Ä�Ä �� e��+�� e�O�£�$¢�������� ��� �,� � ����Y� ��¥ ��� � �'��¦ � ��� � ����Y� ��¥ ��� � �'��¦ � ��� � ���¥���� �_¥ ¥�� �z¥����� �$��¥�� �'� !��� ��� !��� � ��¢V������� » ¢Ò���,��  �����$¡���� ��!�,� � �'�W� !��� � ����¦V� � ��!��� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V�h�

� Ä�Ä ��  ����� c�O�£��¢ �'����� ��� ��� � �¬�3R�d³I°|BTBK R�acfJI�H«acf²MONJI±TJUVI$b'aeF��Jd�dhI$X$MOacF+f �+�Y� ��¥ ��� � �'��¦ � ������acd�RTJUhI$HJa��X*R,MOI3�JdVI±MOF6I$fJdh�JUVI±MONµRzM�MONJI±RzaeUhX$UORzL�M�aed acfJdhacHJI�MhNJI�iJjlk �WR�fJH�¥���� �_¥ ¥�� �z¥����� �$�B¥����·acd�R6TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI�·NJacXYNgIy|�X$Ke�JHJI$d�I$fWMOU�ÉfBI*R�U³MONJI �µRzdhI�F�L"MhNJI·PA'Ð�fɹµx+�BUhIq^MhNJaed �$F+fJI�aed�HJI$dhaex�fµRzMOI$H �+«MONBI�TBNJUOR�dVI�h´�fWMOU� �F�M6o�I�UVv�aDMhMOI$H aef MONJacd �$F+fJI�"BAqÐ�f�MhNJaedqdhI$X$MOacF+f���I9�·aeKcK�HJI�dVX�UVa2��I²I*R�XYN FzL MONJI[TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI$d�Y� ��¥ ��� � $��7¥���� ��¥ ¥�� �,¥����� �y�B¥�� $[R�fJH)¢h������� » ¢V���,�� �������¡�$+A

����� *�� � ���� � /)! � � 0 ,6& ! P±NJIQTJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI6�Y� ��¥ ��� � $[acd±HJI$¹JfJI�H,� 7

�Y� �_¥ ��� � ����¦ � ����� ' �Y� Á��$� Ã4�>��¦ � �,����+¿�Y� ��¥ Ã4�W��¦ � �,�*�R�fJH HJIyMOI�UVv�acfJI�d±aDL RzfGRzaeUhX$UORzL�M3aed±�·acMhNJaef�MhNJI[iJjlkZRzM·MOaevwI ¦°A

P±NJIQTJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI$d·�Y� Á+�y� Ã4$QR�fJH��Y� �B¥ à $[RzUhIHJIy¹µfJI�H�R�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d�7�Y� Á��$� Ã4�W��¦ � ����� ' � �� e��¤�� �B¥'Ä �W� !�����3à ����� ¦ ) �z¥��" e» �O���q�W�.�,�*���¿¦ 5 �Y�=� ���$�.�,�*���®�������'� �h�

�"½ � ��¦4) �,¥��" e» �O���q�W�.�,�*���¿¦ 5 �Y� � ���$�.�,�*�����+�� �� !� �

�Y� �B¥ Ã4�W��¦ � ����� ' � �� e��¤�� �B¥'Ä �W� !�����3à ����� ¦ )¾�Y�=� ���$�.�,�*���®�������'� �h� � ¦ 5 �Y� � ��������������¡ �����h��"½ � ��¦4)¾�Y� � ���$�.�,�*�����+���¿¦ 5 �Y�=� �����.�,�*���.¡ �£���h�� �� !� �

P±NJI�¹µUhdÒM3TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI��>�Y� Á��$� à $'��¦ � �����%�>HJIyMOI$UhvwaefJI$dlacL7RzM³MOacv�I±¦ MhNJI6R�acUhX$UORzL�MÊ���qacd�acfwMhNJI � � � RzfJHacM³NJR�d³fJF�MD+IyM3R�X )>�JaeUVI�HÉMONJI�ÃqAWi�aefJX$I RzaeUhX$UORzL�M I�fWMOI$UhaefBxQMhNJUhF+�Bx+N�UVI�x+acF+f�Eºx�F[dÒMOUORzaex+NWM�MOF\MONBI ��!� /30!�MONBI «HJF\fJFzM³R�X�)>�JacUhI3MhNJI·Ãª�JfWMOacK�MhNJI±MOaevwIlx�acb+I$f � 9�Y�=� �������,�������������'� ���yA�Ϭa#��Iy�·aedhI��+�Y� �B¥ à $>��¦ � �����HJIyMOI�UVv�acfJI�d·aDL�Rzf�R�acUhX$UORzL�M±NJR�d�R�X�)>�JacUhI�H)MONBIQÃ�A

C*t

i�F+vwIL��JUVMhNJI�U±MOacv�acfJx«TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI�d�R�UhIQ�JdVI$L��JK �µHJaedÒMOaefBx+�JaedVNJaefBx �:IyM��lI$I�f�MhNJI\HJa#�:I�UVI�fWM dÒMYR�x�I�d·F�L� acx+NWM87

�Y� ��¥ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤��'��¦ � ����� ' �  �$¤��£�B¥'Ä �>� !�,�*���¿¦4)¾�Y� � �����������$���W� �¿¦ 5 �Y� � ���$�������$���£�����'� �h��Y� �B¥ /�¥,�3� �>��¦ � ����� ' ��¦ )¾�Y�=�����$���������®�������'� �h���À¦ 5 �Y� � ���$�������$�.¡ �����h�h�

P±NJI TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI �Y� �B¥ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤3$>��¦ � �,�*�)HBI$MOI$UhvwaefJI$d��·NJI$MhNJI�UGR�fÌRzaeUhX$UORzL�MgMONµRzM I$f>MhI�UVI�HSMhNJUhF+�Bx+NUhI$x+aeF�fJd � F+UlÏ acd�F�f�R �µR�dVI�KcI�x«RzMÊMOacv�I·¦°AÊi�acfJX�I R�f�R�acUhX�UhRzL�M³MONµR,M3I�fWMhI�Uhd�MONJUVF+�Jx+N�UVI�x+acF+f�E HJF�I$dfJF�M\MhUOR*b+I$K�RzKeF+fJx�MhNJI �µR�dhI$KeI$x+d\F�LlMhNJIÉÃC�7MhNJI R�UVIÉIy|�X�Kc�JHJI�H NJI�UVI�A�P±NJI�TBUhI�HBaeX*R,MOI«�Y� ��¥ /:¥,�-� $HJIyMOI�UVv�acfJI�d·aDL�Rzf�R�acUhX$UORzL�M±acd±F+f�¹µfµR�K¬R,M±MOaevwI6¦9�BMhNJaed·aed±acfJHJI$T:I$fJHJI�fWM�F�L�MONJI\I�fWMhU��UVI�x+acF+f7A

{�aex��JUhIl@ dhNJF��·d�NJF��ÎMONBIlbzR�UhacF+�Jd�TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI$d³R�UhIÊMOUh�BIlL�F+U�HBa#�:I�UhI$fWM dVMOR�x+I$d F�L � acx+NWM8�+HJI$T:I$fJHJacfJxF+f��·NJIyMONJI$U�MhNJIQR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M·aed±I�fWMhI�UhacfJx«MONJUVF+�Jx+N UhI$x+aeF�fJd �SF+U·ÏªF�U3MONJUVF+�Jx+N UhI$x+aeF+f E A

Independent of entry region:

SCA border IAF (R/L/virtual) FAF

tm_on_T?(ac)

tm_bef_T?(ac)

tm_in_SCA?(ac)

tm_bef_T?(ac)

IF RT

tm_on_T?(ac)

tm_on_final?(ac)

tm_on_baseleg?(ac)

Entry through Region M:

Entry through Regions R or L:

{�aex+�JUVI\@ 7�P±aevwaefBx²TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI$dqX$F+vwTµR�UhI$H�MOFÉdVMOR�x+I\F�L � aex+NWM

����� � � 0 " � � � ��� � - ! 0 � ,."�� , ! `6�JI·MOFQMONJIqX�F+fJdÒMOUV�JX$MhaeF+f�F�L7MONBI TJUVF�MOF'X�F+K �+MONJI$UhIqaed�R[fµR�UVUhF�� ��I�HJx+IqF�L¬R�acUhdVTµR�X�I�dh�BUhUhF��JfJHJacfJx9MONBI��F+UhHJI$U �:IyM��lI$I�f UVI�x+acF+fJd·Ï�R�fBH � �.R�UhF��JfJH�� 3 �W�lacf)�·NBaeXYN dhI�TJR�UORzMhaeF+f aed±dVF+vwI$�·NµRzM�NµRzUhHJI$U·MhFI�dÒMYR��BKeaedVN7A � IQX�R�KeK:MONJacd3MONJI ) ��,�)/��,���� �&) ,%7

¥���� ��¥ ¥�� �z¥����� �y�B¥�� �>� !�,� ��� !�,� � � ' ¼�½ �*��¢V����� !�,� ��� !��� � � ��B¥�� � ����¢Y�£¡W� ��� ¢V���W�Q�_¥���� !�,� ��� !��� � ��+�B¥�� � ����¢Y�£¡W� ��� ¢V���W�Q�_¥���� !�,� � � !��� � ��+Á+���Y � ����¢°� ¡W� ��� ¢V���W�Q�_¥ ¡B� � �-�W� !��� ��� !�,� � �

ЮM3dVNJF+�JKcH>��I fJF�MhI�H�NJI$UhI MhNµRzM�MONJacdÊ��I�HJx�IaedÊUhI*RzKeK#ÉUhRzMONBI�UldVvgRzKeK�A�P±NJaedlR�KedVF9dVTJKeaDMOdÊUhI�x�aeF+fJd � RzfJHÏ acfWMOF �qR�& �±|�R�fJHGϬR+&�Ï"|��·acMhN �±| RzfJH Ï7|�HJI�fJFzMOaefBxÉMhNJI\Uhacx+NWM�R�fJH KeI$L�M=) ��,�)/�.,���� �&) ,yA

P±NJI«TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI�¼�½ �*��¢V��$ÉHBI$MOI$UhvwaefJI$d6acL !�,� � R�fJH !��� � R�UVI²I�fWMhI�UhacfJxgMhNJUhF+�Bx+N UhI$x+aeF�fJd � R�fJH Ï�·acMhN)F+fJI\F�L�MONJIQR�acUhX�UhRzL�M±I$f>MhI�UVaefJxÉMONJUVF+�Jx+N)I�R�XYN�UVI�x+acF+f 7

¼�½ �*��¢V���>� !��� ��� !��� � � ' � e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �W� !�,� � ���  �$¤��£��¥'½��>� !��� � �V��+� e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �W� !�,� � ���  �$¤��£��¥'½��>� !��� � �V�

C�]

P±NJIqTJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOIq�B¥�� � ����¢Y�£¡W� ��� ¢V���W�Q�_¥�$6aedÊfJF�M�d�'v�vwI$MhUhacX*R�K5aefÉMONBIqM���F«R�Uhx��Jv�I$fWMOd��'�·NJaeXYNgaed³�·N acMÉacdÉR�TJTJKcaeI$HÎM��·acX�I aef ¥���� �_¥ ¥�� �z¥����� �$��¥�� $+A<P±NBI ¹µUVdVMgR�Uhx��Jv�I$fWMG�.NJI$UhI !�,� � �²v²�JdVMwNµR*b�IGMONBIR��JdVF+Ke��MOI6bzR�Ke�BIF�L�MhNJI6|�bzR�Ke�BIF�L aDMOd±I�fWMhU��T�F+aefWM·x+UVI*RzMhI�U±MONJR�f)F+U±I�)>�µR�K�MhFw¢Ò��� �\��¥ 7

�B¥�� � ����¢Y�£¡W� ��� ¢Ò���W�\��¥��'� !��� �"� !�,� � � ' � e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �>� !��� � ���  �$¤��£�B¥'½ �>� !��� � �(� !�,� � � � � ¢Ò��� �\��¥z�+ � e��¤�� �B¥'½��>� !��� � ���  �$¤��£�B¥'¼ �>� !��� � �(� !�,� � � ) ¢V��� �Q�_¥z�

{�acfµR�KeK���>acL �:F�MhN)R�aeUVX�UhRzL�MlNJR�b�I6MONJI\R��JdhF+Kc�BMOI�bzR�Ke�JI$d3F�L�MhNJI |gbzR�Kc�JI�dlF�L�MONJI$aeU�I�fWMOU��T�F+aefWMOdlx+UhI�RzMOI$UMONJR�fGF�U±I�)>�µR�K7MhF�� � � � � �

��JMhNJI\TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI²Á����Y � ����¢Y�£¡W� �z� ¢V���W�Q�_¥ ¡B� � �-$QNBF+KeHJd 7

Á����Y � ����¢Y�£¡W� ��� ¢Ò���W�\��¥ ¡B� � ���W� !��� ��� !��� � � ' �  ��¤'�£�B¥'¼ �'� !�,� � ��� e��¤�� �B¥'½��>� !��� � ���!��� � � � � ¢Ò��� �\��¥��+^ �!��� � � ) ¢V��� �Q�_¥��+^+�

+ �  ��¤'�£�B¥'½ �'� !�,� � ��� e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �>� !��� � ���!��� � � � � ¢Ò��� �\��¥��+^ �!��� � � ) ¢V��� �Q�_¥��+^+�

P±N>�Jd�� aDL3F+fBI�F�L !�,� � F+U !�,� � acdQacfªUVI�x+acF+f � �¬R�fJH MONJI�F�MONBI�UQaef UhI�x�aeF+f Ï �¬MhNJI�f MONJIwMOF+T KeIyb+I$KMONBI�F+UVI�vºF+fJK�)X�F+fJdVaeHJI$Uhd MhNJF+dVI9dhaDMO�µR,MOaeF�fJd±�·NJI�UVI²I�aDMONJI$U R�acUhX$UORzL�M�NµR�d R�f�I$fWMOU�GT�F+aefWM��·acMON�� ��� )¢Ò��� �Q�_¥ �µF+U ��F�MON R�acUhX�UhRzL�M±NµR*b�I[I$f>MhU�)T�F+aefWMhd3�·acMON�� ��� )�� � � � � �

�A

��� � ��,1$ ! ��!#-�,1/),6& � � �

p6�JUwF�b�I�UhR�KeK�R�acvÑaed«MOF dhNJF��ºMONµR,M�L�F+UwR�f+ÎM���F R�aeUVX�UhRzL�MÉ�·acMONBaefÎMONJI iJjlk �³MONJF�dhI)M��lF RzaeUhX$UORzL�Mv�R�aefWMYRzaef<MhNJI vwaefJacv²�JvÑUhI )>�JaeUVI�HrdhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�frRzM)R�KcK�MhaevwI�d�AZP±NJI TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI ¢h������� » ¢V���,�� �������¡�$dVMORzMOI$d·Iy|BR�X$MhK#�MhNµRzM�7

¢V������� » ¢Ò���,��  �����$¡��B��%& ��� %& � � ' ¡B� ¢Ò�$��%& ��� %& � � ) ¢Ò��� �\��¥,+���B¥ ��� �+¢Ò� ���- �¥��� .�B��%& ��� %& � ���¡B� ¢Ò�$��%& ��� ��!� /30+�21ΡB�£¢��*��%& ��� ��!� /30z�*) ¢Ò��� �\��¥z�

� IgdhI$IgMONJRzM9¢V������� » ¢Ò���,�� �������¡�$�aedQIy|�TJUhI$dhdVI�HÎaef MOI�UVv�d[F�L3MhNJIgKcF�X�RzMOacF+f F�L3MONBI�R�acUhX�UhRzL�MQx+acb�I�f RzdT�F+aefWMOd aef ^�` dVTµR�X�IzA[P±NBI�dhIwR�UVI«X*R�KcX��JKeRzMOI$H �JdVaefJx �"!��� � ��� � !��� ���.� �%�"�·NBaeXYN aed6HBI�dhX$Uha#�:I$H vwF+UVI[L��JKcK#aef dVI�XyMOaeF�f tBA�Ð�fÎx+I�fJI$UOR�K ���lI)UhI )>�JaeUVI)R dVaevwTJKeI�x+I�F�v�IyMOUhacX*R�K�dhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�f ��MONµRzMÉacd9MONBI HBaedVMOR�fJX$I��I$M���I�I�fGMONJIM���FgR�acUhX$UORzL�M±v9�JdVM ��IQx�UhI*R,MOI�U3MhNµR�f F+U±I�)>�µRzK¬MhFÉ¢V��� �\��¥9fµR��BMhaeX�R�K7vwaeKeI$d�A ��F��lIyb+I�U �acL¬MhNJI6M��lF�R�acUhX�UhRzL�M·R�UVI\R�KeUVI*R�H!gF+f�MhNJI\ÃC�BR�fJH)MONJI6¹µUVdVM�F+fJIacd3F+f�¹µfµRzK¬R�TJTJUVFWR�XYN R�fJH�MONBIQFzMONJI$UF+fJIgaed9F�f R �µR�dVI�KcI�x ��aDM²aed[I�fJF��Jx+N�MOF�NµR*b+I�¢Ò��� �\��¥ HJaedÒMYR�fBX�I�R�d9v�I�R�dh�JUVI�HÎR�KcF+fJx MONJI�à ��R�d9acdHJacdhX��BdhdhI$H�acf dVI�XyMOaeF�f ^�A

i�F�MhNJI9v�R�acf MhNJI�F+UVI�vºdOR8'dqMhNµRzMqacL�M��lF�RzaeUhX$UORzL�MqR�UVI ��F�MhN�aef)MONBI«iJjlk ��MhNJI � Ä�Ä ��  � �+�� c�O�£�$¢NJF+KcH L�F�U�MhNJIQM���F�R�acUhX$UORzL�M��5R�fJHGMhNJI GR�UVI[fBF�M acf MhNJI6) ��,�)/��,�� � �&) ,%�5MhNJI�f�dhI�TJR�UORzMhaeF+fGR�dqHJI$¹µfBI�HR���F�b+I\aed±I$fJdh�JUVI�H7A

C�m

� � �³��� � ���w���·�@E���

� ��� ��&�,6& � �%$�� ! / ��� 0 ,6&/� � �

Ð�fªdVI�XyMOaeF�fªm��lIwHJacdhX��BdhdhI$HªMONBIwMhF+T!��KcI$b�I�K³dORzL�IyM� TJUhF�T:I$UVM� P±NJI$F+UhI$v C�A�Ð�f MONJacddhI�XyMOacF+f ��Iw�·acKeKx+aDb+IQR�f)F�b+I�UÒb'aeI$�1R�fJH dVMYR,MO�Jd·F�b+I$U�MhNJI\TJUhF'F�L�F�L�MhNJaed3MhNJI�F�UhI�v A

P±NJI3k6E E¿TJUhFzMOF'X�F+K'�JdhI$d�MONBIlbzR�UhacF+�Jd�I�fWMOU�9UVI�x+acF+fJd Rzd���I�KeKBR�d�MhaevwaefJx�d¬MhF6HJIyMOI�UVv�acfJIÊacL5R�X$X�I$dhddhNBF+�JKeH ��I±x+UhR�fWMOI�H �>R�fJH«MONJacd aed�UhI � I�X$MhI�Hwaef²MhNJI±TJUhF'F�L����·NBI�UhI±��I±X�F+fBdhaeHBI�U�TµR�acUhd FzL"RzaeUhX$UORzL�MB�µR�dVI�HF+f�MONBI�aeU·I$f>MhU��UVI�x+acF+fJd·R�fBH'&zF+U±�·NJacXYNGdÒMYR�x+IFzL � acx+NWM±MONJI%)R�UhIQRzM�A³{µF+U±Iy|BR�vwTJKeI��BMONBIQKcI�vwvgR

ȳ%�&ª&ª= � � ¢V�����y��» ¼�¼ ½�½3� Ä�Ä � � �-�W�.�,� ��� �,� � ���¿�O�_� � ¢Ò��� ��  ��,�¢h�W�q�  �$¤��£�B¥��'� !��� �"� !�,� � ���� e��¤�� �B¥'¼ �>� !��� � ��+  �$¤��£�B¥'½ �>� !��� � �V�����¥+� � ¢Ò��� ��  ����.�,� ��� ��� � � ��Y� Á��$� à �W��¦ � �,� � ���À�Y� Á��$� à �W��¦ � �,� � �

� ¢h������� » ¢Ò���,�� �������¡��'� ��!��� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V� � �"!��� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V�h�

Iy|�TJUVI�dVd�MONJRzM�acL>M��lF R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M ��F�MONQI�fWMOI$U�MhNJUhF��Jx+N\UhI$x+aeF+f � �*�·acMhN\MhNJI³MOaevwI dVI�TµR�UhRzMOacF+fJd¬UhI )>�JaeUVI�H � MONBI9TJUVF�MOF'X�F+K¬RzfJH ��F�MON � dVMhUOR�acx+NWM�L�UVF+vÀMONBI�aeU�I�fWMhU� T:F�aefWM·MOF�MhNJI[¹�| �5MONBI�f dVTµR�X�aeR�K�dhI$TµR�UhRzMOacF+faed[vgRzaefWMYR�acfJI�HªR�d²KcF+fJx R�d �:F�MhNÎR�aeUVX�UhRzL�M²RzUhI�acf�UhI$x+aeF+f �QA�p6fJX�I�MhNJIg¹µUVdVMwR�acUhX�UhRzL�M[UhI*RzXYNJI�d«MONBI��!����� ¼ �7aDMR�X )>�JaeUVI�d6MONBI«P@��R�fJH R�fBF�MONJI$U6KeI$v�v�R�acd6�JdVI�H MOF�NµRzfJHJKeI[MONJacd6X*R�dVI�A9i�aefBX�I9MhNJI«TJUhF'F�L³acdd�'vwv�IyMOUVaeX*RzKµaef�MhNJI X�R�dhI��·NJI�UVI ��F�MONgR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M�I$fWMOI�UÊMONJUVF+�Jx+NgUhI�x�aeF+f�Ï �>MhNJI KcI�vwvgR¢V�����y��» ¼�¼ ½B½aed±dÒMYRzMhI�H dhFÉMONµR,M·acM·X�F�b�I�Uhd ��F�MON)MONJI$dhIQX*R�dVI�d$A

P±NJI3TJUVF�FzLµF�L5P±NJI$F+UhI$v�ClMOR���I$d�MONBIlL�F+Uhv§F�LµR K R�UVx+IÊX*R�dVI3dhTJKcacM�A�P±NBIlL�F+KeKcF��·aefJx·MYR��BKeI�d�aefJHBaeX*R,MOI�dMONBI±HJa#�:I�UVI�fWM³X*R�dVI�d�MOF�x+I$MhNJI�U��·aDMON²MhNJI±fµR�vwI�d�F�L5MhNJI±KeI$v�v�R�d�X�F�b+I$UhaefBx\MhNµRzM³X�R�dhIzA P±NJI±MYR��BKeI�d R�KedVFdhNBF��·d3MhNJI TBUhF'F�L�dVMORzMO�BdlL�F+UlI�R�XYN�KeI$v�v�R �>oÎaefJHBaeX*R,MOI�d³MONJRzMlMhNJI6TJUVF�F�L7F�L�MONJIqKeI$v�v�RQacdlX$F+v�TBKeI$MhI��� aefJHBaeX*R,MOI�d3MhNµRzM·aDM·aed±fJF�M�A

{�aeUVdVM��JMONJI\TJUVF�F�L�F�L�P±NJI�F+UVI�v C\X�F+fWMOR�aefJd±MhNJIQMhNJIQX*R�dVI�d�KeaedÒMOI$H acfGP�R��JKcI«C+A�P±NJaed·dhNBF��·d�MONµR,ML�F+U\MONJIwX*RzdhI�d9UhI�x+R�UhHJacfJx UhI�x�aeF+fJd!� R�fJHªÏ¾Iy|�X�Kc�JdhaDb+I�K� MONJI�TJUhF'F�L�d[R�UhIwX�F+vwTJKcI$MOI$H ���·NBI�UhI�R�d[L�F�UMONBI9X*RzdhI�d X�F�b+I$UhaefBx�UhI$x+aeF+f�E R�fBHGMONBI9vwaD|�I�HGX*R�dVI�d6F�L UhI�x�aeF+fJd �§R�fJH�ÏD�:R�fJHGUhI$x+aeF+f E R�UVI[fJFzM+IyM TBUhF�b+I$f7A

{µ�JUVMhNJI�UVv�F+UVI�� MhNJI TJUhF'F�L[F�L9MhNJI KeI$v�v�R�¢h�����$�.» Á+�z�Y �B¥ à aed*�µRzdhI�H F+frMONJI X*R�dVI dhTJKcacMOd)acfP�R��JKeI[^�A � I\dhI�IQMONµR,M�R�KeK"MhNJIQX*R�dVI�d·�·NJI�UVI ��F�MONGR�acUhX�UhRzL�M�R�UVI[RzKeUhI�R�H gF+f MhNJIQPSNµR*b+I[X�F+vwTJKcI$MOITJUVF�F�L�d$A

{�aefJR�KeK���>MONJI\TJUVF�F�L�F�L�KeI$v�v�R � �����$�.» �Q� 0z��¡ þacd �µR�dVI�H�F�f)MhNJI\X*R�dVI[dVTJKeaDMOd3KcaedÒMOI�H)acf P�R��JKcI\@BA�qI$UhI ��I6dVI�I MhNµRzMlMhNJI6vwaD|�I�HgX*R�dVI�dl�·NJI$UhI6F�fJIR�acUhX�UhRzL�M�aedÊF+fgMONBI6P R�fJHgMhNJI F�MhNJI�UlF+fJI acdlfJFzM(+IyMF+f�MONBIQP NµR*b+IQfJF�M ��I�I�f TJUVF�b�I�f7A

Ð�fSMONBI fJI°|'M dhI$X$MhaeF+fJd �lI �·aeKcK6HJaedVX��JdVd aef dhF�v�I v�F�UhI HJI$MOR�aeKdVF+vwI F�L9MONJI X*R�dVI�d �[fµRzv�I$K#¢V�����y��» ¼�¼ ½B½ ��dhI�XyMOacF+f s�A_^+�9��¢V�����y��» Á����Y �B¥ Ã��.dVI�XyMOaeF�f s�An@W�R�fJH ¢h�����$�.» ¼"�'½�� ��dhI�XyMOacF+f s�Aut>�°A�Ð�fdhI$X$MhaeF+f)s'A�]Q��I6TJUVI�dVI�fWM·dhF+vwI F��JdhI$UVbzRzMOacF+fJd±R��:F+��MlF+fBI6X*R�dVI6aefWb�F+Kcb'aefBx9F+fJI6R�aeUVX�UOR,L�M�F�f�MONJIqP RzfJHMONBI[F�MhNJI�UqF�� F�L MhNJIQPA7i�F�v�I\vwaefJF+U±vwF'HJac¹µX�RzMOacF+fJd3MhF�MONBI[vwF�HBI�Ked±�·acKeK ��I[fJI$X�I$dhdORzU��MhF�NJR�fJHJKcIMONBaed±X*RzdhI�A

C�s

qR�v�IFzL�KcI�vwvgR j3R�dhI+�.dY�±X�F�b�I�UhI$H i'MORzMO�Jd¢V�����y��» ¼�¼ ½�½ !�,� � R�fJH !�,� � R�UVI �:F�MhNSacf UVI�x+acF+f �ÓF+U,��F�MhN acf

UhI�x�aeF+f Ïo

¢V�����y��» ¼ �W½ ½'�W¼ !�,� � aed�aef[UhI�x�aeF+f!�Î�·aDMON\|[bzR�Kc�JI³F�LµI$f>MhU�[T:F�aefWM�KcI�dVdMONµR�f�F+UqI )>�µR�K¬MOFg¢Ò��� �\��¥wR�fBH !��� � acdqacf�UhI$x+aeF�f�Ï8�pU±d�'v�vwI$MhUhaeX��·acMhN !�,� � acf�UhI$x+aeF+f�Ï R�fBH !��� � acfUhI�x�aeF+f �

o

¢V�����y��» ¼�½ � ½�¼ � i�aevwaeKeR�U�MOF[¢h�����$�.» ¼ �W½ ½ �+¼ � �J�BM��·acMON�I�fWMOU�gT�F+acf>MF�L !��� � UhI$dVMhUhaeXyMOI$HGacfJdVMhI*R�H F�L !�,� �

o

¢V�����y��» ¼:��½z� !�,� � aed\acf UVI�x+acF+f � R�fJH !�,� � acdQacf UVI�x+acF+f Ï � �:F�MhN�·acMON R��BdhF+Kc�BMOI�bzR�Kc�JI F�L| bzR�Kc�JI F�LQI$f>MhU� T�F+acf>Mx+UhI�RzMOI$U·MhNµR�f)F+U·I�)>�µRzK7MOF � � � � � �

o

¢V�����y��» Ä ¢V�W� � �- �,¡��������z¥�� !�,� � R�fJH !�,� � R�UhIqaefÉMONJIqdOR�vwI�F+UlRzH0/hR�X�I$fWM3TµR�UÒMOd�F�LUhI�x�aeF+fGE�

¢V�����y��» Ä ¥���¥ �,¡��������z¥�� !�,� � R�fJH !�,� � R�UVI$��F�MON aef UhI$x+aeF+fªE � �J�BM[aef fJF+f��R�H0/hR�X$I�fWM�TµR�UVMhd

¢V�����y��» Ä ¼�½ !�,� � aed)acf UVI�x+acF+f E � !�,� � acf I$acMhNJI�U)UhI$x+aeF�f �ÓF�UUhI�x�aeF+f Ï

¢V�����y��» ¼�½ Ä !�,� � acd±aef)UhI$x+aeF+f �SF�U±UhI�x�aeF+f Ï � !�,� � acf�UhI$x+aeF+fGE �

¢V�����y��» Á����Y �B¥ à !�,� � R�fBH !��� � R�UhI ��F�MON)F+f�MhNJI\P o� �����$�.» �\� 0z��¡ à pfBI[RzaeUhX$UORzL�M3NµR�d·UhI�R�XYNJI�HGP@�JMONJI\F�MhNJI�U·NµRzd�fBF�M �

P�R��JKeI«C�7�j3R�dVI�d�aef�MhNJI\TJUhF'F�L�F�L�P±NBI�F+UVI�v C

qR�v�IFzL�KcI�vwvgR j3R�dhI+�.dY�±X�F�b�I�UhI$H i'MORzMO�JdÁ,��¢V� �>¥�¡ /�¥,�-� !�,� � acd±F+f ¹JfµR�K¬R�fJH !��� � aed±F+fGR �µR�dVI�KeI$x o�B¥ ��� �+¢Ò� �$�3 �¥��� !�,� � R�fJH !�,� � R�UhI�F+fgR[X�F�UhfJI$U��JRzd�HJI$dhX$Uha2��I�HgaefwdhI�X9�MOaeF�fG@�A_@

o

Á����Y �B¥ à /:¥,�-� !�,� � R�fBH !��� � R�UhI ��F�MON)F+f�¹µfJR�K oÁ����Y �B¥ à ¢h�W�q� !�,� � R�fBH !��� � R�UhI\F+f�MhNJI\dOR�vwI@�µR�dVI�KeI$x oÁ����Y �B¥ à ¥���� ¢V�>�q� !�,� � R�fBH !��� � R�UhI\F+f)F+TBT:F+dVacMhI@�µR�dhI$KeI$x+d o

P�R��JKcI[^!7Êj3R�dhI$dqacf�MONJI\TJUVF�F�L�F�L�KeI$v�v�R²¢V�����y��» Á����Y �B¥ Ã

C�~

qR�v�IFzL�KcI�vwvgR j3R�dhI+�.dY�±X�F�b�I�UhI$H i'MORzMO�Jd¢V�����y��» Ã Ä !�,� � acd±F+f MhNJI\P@� !�,� � acd±aef)UhI$x+aeF�f E �

¢V�����y��» Ä Ã !�,� � acd±aef)UhI$x+aeF+fGE � !��� � aed±F�f)MhNJI\P �

¢V�����y��» à ¼�½ !�,� � acd±F+f MhNJI\P@� !�,� � acd±aef)UhI$x+aeF�f �ÌF+U±UhI$x+aeF+f Ï �

¢V�����y��» ¼�½ à !�,� � acd±aef)UhI$x+aeF+f �SF�U±UhI�x�aeF+f Ï � !�,� � acd±F+f�MONJI\P �

P�R��JKeI\@ 7�j3R�dVI�d�aef�MONBIQTBUhF'F�L�F�L�KcI�vwvgR � �����y��» �\� 0z�$¡ Ã

� ��� � /)� �%$ � $ � ��� � ��� ��� ���

Ð�f«MONJacd dhI$X$MhaeF+f �z�lI±�·aeKcK�TBUhI�dVI�fWM³MONJI �JR�dhacX3aeHJI�RF��I�NJacfJH«MONJI3TBUhF'F�L�F�L5MONJI±X�R�dhI3�·NJI$UhI ��F�MONÉRzaeUhX$UORzL�MR�UVIqacf�UVI�x+acF+f � F+U³UVI�x+acF+fgÏ�A>P±NJacd�acd�acKeKe�BdVMOUhRzMOI$HÉaefɹµx+�JUVIqtJA�i�aefJX$IqacfwMhNJaedÊX*RzdhIqMhNJIqR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M�NJR�b�I

{�acx+�JUVI6t 7�k TBTJUhFWRzXYN o�R,MONJd±L�F+U�j3R�dVI � �

fJF�MqUhI�R�XYNJI$H�MONJIQP@�µMONJIQdhT�I�I$HJdR�UVI[X$F+fJdÒMYR�fWM R�fJHGMhNJI ��!�,� � ���L��JfBX$MOacF+f dhaevwTJKcac¹µI$d3MOF�MhNJIQv�F�MhaeF+fF�L RÉTJR�UVMhaeX�KcIF+fGRwdÒMOUORzaex+NWM·KeacfJI�A³Ð�f L.R�X$M��µacM·aed±T�F+dVdha2�BKeIMOFwUhI�R�dhF+fGR���F+�BM�HJacdVMYRzfJX�I$dqacfGR«MOUVa R�fBx+KeIUOR,MONJI$UÊMhNµR�f�R��:F+��MlT�F+aefWMhd�vwF�b�acfJxQaefg^�` dVTµR�X�I R�dlacKeKc�JdVMhUORzMhI�HÉaefɹµx+�JUVI]�A�P±NJI TµRzUOR�vwI$MhI�UhdÊ�JdVI�Haef�MhNJI¹µx+�JUVI[RzUhIHJIy¹µfJI�H�R�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d�7

C��

{�aex��JUhIQ]!7�kC�JdVMhUOR�XyMOacF+f)P�F�`6aedÒMYR�fJX$I�d±acfGR«P�UhaeR�fJx+KcI

¦ X$KeF'X �gMOacv�I���¦ 3 �«�·NBI�f�dVI�X$F+fJH RzaeUhX$UORzL�M3I�fWMOI$Uhd i�k�P�i RzaeUhdVTµR�X$I� MhaevwI HJI�KeR8 �:IyM��lI$I�f �·NJI�f ¹µUhdÒM�RzaeUhX$UORzL�M�I�fWMOI$Uhd�i�k�P�i RzaeUhdVTµR�X$I R�fJH

�·NJI$f�dVI�X�F�fJH R�acUhX$UORzL�M±I$fWMOI�UVd�A¢Ò��� �\��¥ dVI�TµR�UhRzMOacF+f�vwaefJacv²�Jv A�P3��FÉR�acUhX�UhRzL�M�dhNJF+�BKeH�fJIyb+I$U±x+I$MlX�KeF�dhI�UÊMONµRzf�MONJacd

HJacdVMOR�fJX�I���I�AuxJAÊ@ÉvwaeKcI�dO�yA�(� X$F+fJdVMOR�fWM dVT:I$I�HGF�L�MhNJI¹µUhdÒMqR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M�$� X$F+fJdVMOR�fWM dVT:I$I�HGF�L�MhNJI¹µUhdÒMqR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M � dÒMYR�UÒMOaefBx«HJaedÒMYR�fJX$I\F�L¬¹µUhdÒM RzaeUhX$UORzL�M�L�UhF+v�MONJIÐ�k { �.aefBacMOaeR�K�R�TJTJUVFWR�XYN)¹B|J� � dÒMYR�UÒMOaefBxGHJacdVMOR�fJX�IwF�L±dVI�X$F+fJH R�acUhX$UORzL�ML�UVF+vÓMONJIwÐ�k6{ �.acfJacMha R�K�R�TJTJUVFWR�XYN

¹B|J��ªI�dV�·aDMOXYNgMhF9R\KeF'X*RzKBMOacv�I3MÊ�·NJaeXYN�aed³dhIyM�MhF9��·NJI$fgMONJI�dhI$X�F+fBH�R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M³I�fWMOI$UhdÊMONJIqR�aeUVdhTµRzX�I�A

i�acfJX�I R�aeUVX�UOR,L�MqC I�fWMOI$UhdlMhNJIi�k�P�i�RzaeUhdVTµR�X$I � dVI�X$F+fJHJd ��I$L�F+UVIqMhNJI dVI�X�F�fJH)R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M8�WMONBI L�F+KeKcF��·aefJxI�)>�µR,MOaeF�fJd�HBI$¹µfJI MONJI$aeUÉUhI$vgRzaefJacfJx HJaedÒMYR�fBX�I�dÉMOF MONJI Ð�k6{�A��:��¦V�Éacd«MONJI UhI$vgR�acfJaefBx HBaedVMOR�fJX$I)L�F�UR�acUhX�UhRzL�MCQR�fJH��,��¦V�3aed3MhNJI\UhI$vgR�acfJaefBx«HJaedÒMYR�fJX$I6L�F+U·R�acUhX�UhRzL�Mq^!7

�:��¦V� 3 � � �(� � � 1ΦV��,��¦V� 3 � � �$� ¦

� dVaefJx[MONJIϬR*�Sp L�jlF+dhacfJI�d �BMONJI HJaedÒMYR�fJX$I ��I$M���I�I�f�MhNJI M���FÉR�aeUVX�UOR,L�M±RzM�MOaevwI·M3X*Rzf*�:I6X$F+vwTJ�BMOI$HR�d±L�F+KcKeF��·d�7

� � ��¦V� 3 � � ��¦V�21�� � ��¦V� � ^�����¦V���,��¦V� � � ���·NJI$UhI � aed3MONBI[RzfJx+KeI\R,M±MONJI\Ð�k6{�AP�FwI�dÒMYR��BKeaedVN)x+I�F+vwI$MhUhacX6dhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�f �J�lI\v²�BdVM�dhNJF�� 7

^��

P �q´�p#��´ÊE 75Ð�{ � � ¦ 5����� � � � P � ´ � ��¦V� 7 ¢Ò��� �Q�_¥� IQUVI�vwI�v ��I�U3MhNµRzM � � )�� ��� � )��gL�F�U±fJF+f!�®fJI�xWR,MOacb�I � � �3��dhFwKeIyM��ud�KcF�F��gRzM � �,��¦V�97

� � ��¦V� 3 � � ��¦V�21�� � ��¦V� � ^ �:��¦V���,��¦V� � � ��) � � ��¦V�21�� � ��¦V� � ^ �:��¦V���,��¦V�3 � ����¦V� � �,��¦V�V� �

P±N>�Jd��5aDL���I\X*R�f I�dÒMYR��JKcaedVN

� ��¦V� ) � ����¦V� � �,��¦V� � ) ¢Ò��� �\��¥��I9R�UVIHJF+fJIzA

�ªI\X�R�fGdVaevwTJKeaDL1ÉMONJIL�F+UVv²�JK RzdlL�F+U ����¦V�±R�fJH��,��¦V� �+��JdVaefJxÉMONJIL�F+KcKeF��·aefBx²dh� �BdVMOaDMO�BMhaeF+fBd�7 3 � � � � �(� �

� 3 �$� � � �

P±NJI$f� ����¦V� � �,��¦V� � 3 � � � �(� � � 1ΦV� � �� � � �$� ¦V� �3 � � � � � �(� � 1S�

�$� � �(� ��¦V� �3 � 1 � ¦ �P±N>�Jd��5aDL���I\X*R�f I�dÒMYR��JKcaedVN

� 1 � ¦ ��) ¢V��� �Q�_¥ ��^����I9R�UVIHJF+fJIzA �ªI\X*RzfGHJI$X�F+vwT�F+dhIMONBaed±TJUVF�F�L �+)RÉdhaevwTJKcI6X*R�dVIQR�fµR�K��dVaed 7

� � 5 �$� �(� ) � � � � � j3R�dhIwC j3R�dVIQ@ � 7 � j3R�dhIwC j3R�dVI\t�ªI�·acKeK7acKeKe�BdVMOUhRzMOI�MONJI\TJUVF�FzL�F�L�X*RzdhIQ@�RzfJH)X*R�dVI[tJA

¶�� � � � 89=J#�% /� �����°A³{5UVF+v�MhNJI\X*R�dVI9@«TJUVI�vwaedVI�d��J��I\NµR*b+I�7

� � � � � � ) �$� � 3 � � � � � � � � � 3 �$� � �(� ������������ �� ��� ��� � �"���$��� � �

P±NJIQTJUhI$v�acdhI � Ä�Ä ��� acd±HJI$¹µfBI�H Rzd·L�F�KeKeF��·d����� ���g�� ��� �����(�����$��� � �(' � )!� �\��¥��� ��� � ���(�����$� � � � � �$� �� � � �(� � � �*) ¢Ò��� �\��¥

^�C

ЮM¬L�F+KeKcF��·d7MOUhaDb'a R�KcK#±L�UhF�vSMONJI�MhF+T!��KcI$b�I�KWTJUVI�vwaedhI � Ä�Ä ��  � �+�� c�O�£�$¢¬L�F�U¬MhNJaed�dVacMh�µRzMOacF+f7A¬P±NJI³L�F+KeKcF��·aefJxKeI$v�v�R9NJF�KeHJd 7

¢V�>�q� e��¤�� �B¥��>� !��� ��� !��� � � �Å�  �$¤��£��¥'¼ �W� !��� � ��+  ��¤'�£�B¥'½ �'� !�,� � �h���� Ä�Ä ��  � �+�� c�O�£�$¢��'����� ��� ��� � �

�DÄ���½ ��� �� Ä�Ä �����.¡B�£¢���� !��� ��� �qÂ+� �z ������� !��� � �V� �

¡B� ¢Ò��� !��� � � ��Â+�£�z �£����� !��� � �h� �!��� � ��� ��� !�,� � ��� ��� �,¥��" e» �O���q�W�.�,� � � � �z¥��" e» �O�_� �>�.�,� � �h�

�·NJI$UhI !�,� � ��� �-� !��� � ��� � R�UhI6MhNJI\x+UhF+�BfJHGdVT:I$I�HJd�F�L�R�aeUVX�UhRzL�MOdCQR�fJH�^²UhI$dhT�I�X$Mhacb�I�K#�A�ªI�·acKeK7TJUVF�b+I\KeI$v�v�R)��^+�lacf�M��lFwdVMhI�TJd 7

� �3) ¢Ò��� �\��¥ ��@+�

� 1 � ¦ ��)�� � �.tW�

R�fJH � �\��¥9dhaevwTJKcac¹µI$dlMOF 7

� �\��¥��� ��� � ���(�����$� � ' � �� � 7 � � �(� 7 � � à ������.¢Ò��� �\��¥41S�� � � � �V��� �(�

�"½ � �¢Ò��� �Q�_¥��

�(�� �� !� �

3 ¢Ò��� �\��¥ ��(�

{�aeUVdVM±��I[fBI�I�H)MOFÉI$dVMYR��JKeacdhN dVMOI$T C�7

� �3) ¢V��� �Q�_¥

i�acfJX�I � �\��¥B�� ��� � ���(�����$� � 3 ¢Ò��� �\��¥���(� R�fJH � 7 3 � �Q�_¥��� ��� �����(��� � � �3��I\F��BMOR�aef 7

�(� � ) ¢Ò��� �\��¥

{µUhF+v�MONJIQR�dVdh�JvwTBMhaeF+fJd3��IQdhI�I\MONJRzM 5 �!�JdhF

� � 3 � 3 � � � 1 �(� �)

�(� �) ¢Ò��� �\��¥

^+^

qF��ÌR�KeK"��I\NµR*b+I\MOFÉHJFwaed±I$dVMYR��JKeacdhN)dVMhI�T ^�7� 1 � ¦ ��)�� �

�l�BM·L�UVF+v�MhNJI\X*R�dVI9@«TJUVI�vwaedhI$d�7 ��I[NJR�b�I � � �ÉR�fJH NJI�fJX$I � ¦ � �BA³P±N>�Jd� 1 � ¦ � 3 � � � ¦

) � 3 � �

R�fJH)��I[RzUhI\HJF+fJIzA

¶�� � � � 89=J#�% �� �����°A³{5UVF+v�MhNJI\X*R�dVI[tÉTJUVI�vwaedVI�d��J��I\NµR*b+I�7

� 7 � � � � ) �$� � 3 � � � � �(� � � � 3 �$� � �(� ������������ �� ��� �����(��� � � � � �

{�acUhdVM±��I�·aeKcK7I�dÒMYR��JKcaedVN)MhNµRzM� 1 � ¦ ��)�� � ��]��

P�F dVI�IGMhNJaed«��I�fJFzMOI�MONµR,MwMhNJIGR��JdhF�Ke�BMhI)bzR�Kc�JI�L��JfJXyMOaeF�f R�XYNBaeI$b�I�d�acMOdÉvwaefJacv²�Jv RzM ��I$UhF �lMhN>�Jd� 1 � ¦ �¬aed²R v�acfJaev²�Bv �·NBI�f � ¦ 3 � � � ��A {5F�U9bzR�Ke�JI$d«F�L·¦9x�UhI*R,MOI�U[MONµR�f MhNJaed9��I)NµR*b+I�MONBIUhI$K RzMhaeF+fBdhNJacT ¦ � � ¦ � � � 1 � ¦ � � � � 1 � ¦ � ��A P±N'�Bd�� L�UVF+v � � � � � � ¦w�lI F���MYR�acf� � � � 1 � ¦ � �JMhNJI\HJI�dVaeUhI$HGUVI�dV�JKcM�A��F��ÌIy|�TµRzfJHJaefBx ����������� �� ��� ��� � �"���$��� � ����I[x�I$M

� )Z�� � � � 1 ¢Ò��� �\��¥z��� � �RzL�MhI�U²X$UhF+dVd���v9�JKcMhaeTJK��acfJx)�lI�dVaevwTJKeaDL1 R�fJHÎF��BMOR�aefª� ) � �(� � 1� � � � 1 ¢Ò��� �Q�_¥>A � dhacfJx MONBIHJIy¹µfJacMhaeF+f)F�L ��IQx+I$M � )r¢V��� �Q�_¥«R�fJH NJI$fJX�I � �3)r¢Ò��� �Q�_¥>A�jlF+v �JacfJaefJx²MhNJaed·UVI�dh�BKcM±�·acMhN��]���¹µfJaedVNJI�d·MONBIQTBUhF'F�L�A

� � � � /)� �%$ � $�� � ��� ��� �Ð�f MONJacdQdVI�XyMOaeF�f ���lIwTJUhI$dhI$f>MQMONBI �JR�dhacXwacHJI*R�F�LÊMONBI�TJUVF�FzL�FzLlMONBIwX�R�dhI$dQ�·NBI�UhI ��F�MON R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M\R�UVIX��BUhUhI$fWMOK#�F+f MhNJI\P@7ȳ%�&ª&ª= / � ¢V�����y��» Á����Y �B¥ Ã*

�O���q� ¢V��� ��  ��,� � Ä�Ä ��� ���W����� ��� ��� � ����Y� �B¥ à ��¦ � ��� � ���¿�Y� �B¥ à ��¦ � ��� � ��¢h������� » ¢Ò���,��  �����$¡��B� ��!�,� � ����� !��� � �$��¦V� � ��!�,� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V�V�

^�@

� �����°A�P±NJI[TBUhF'F�L�F�L�MhNJaed±KcI�vwvgR9acfWb+F+KDb+I�d·twX*R�dVI�d 7C+A��lFzMON R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M·F+f)dOR�vwIKeI$xÉF�L�MhNJI\P^�A·kqaeUhX$UORzL�M±R�UhI\F+f)F+TJT�F+dVacMOIKcI�x+d·F�L�MONBIQP@BAqp6fJIQR�acUhX�UhRzL�M±acd±F+f ¹JfµR�K�R�fBH MhNJI\F�MONJI$U·aed±F+f RÉKeI�xtJA��lFzMON R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M�R�UhIF�f ¹µfJR�K�A

� I\�·acKeK:aeKeKc�JdVMhUORzMhI MONBIQTBUhF'F�L�F�L�MhNJI¹µUhdÒM X�R�dhI�7

Á����Y �B¥ à ¢h�W� � 7¬½ �7Ä�Ä � ½ ��à %& � 3 ��!��� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V� �%& � 3 �"!��� � ���+� !��� � �$��¦V� ���

¢V�>�q� Á,��¢V��� �$¤���� & ��� & � ���� Ä�Ä ��  � ��¢��'����� ��� �,� � ����Y� �B¥ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤��'��¦ � ��� � ���¿�Y� �B¥ Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤��'��¦ � ��� � ��DÄ���½ ��� � ¢h������� » ¢Ò���,�� �������¡��'� %& ��� %& � �

P�F�I$dVMYR��JKeacdhN�MONJI\X$F+fJX�Kc�JdhacF+f �JaDM±dh�!��X$I�d�MOFÉdhNJF��ÌMhNµRzM¡B�£¢��$� & ��� & � � ) ¢V��� �Q�_¥

i�aefBX�I �:FzMON R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M·R�UVIQF�f MhNJI\dOR�vwIKeI$x �B��IQNJR�b�I¡B�£¢���� & ��� & � � 3 ¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+����� � �$��¦V� � ¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+�B¥��+����� � �$��¦V� ��m+�

�.P�F)dhI$I²MONJacd6L�F+U MONBI«X*R�dVI²�·NJI�UVI ��F�MhN RzaeUhX$UORzL�M6R�UhI9F+f Á,�,¢Ò��� ��¤µ¼ �7fJF�MhI²MONµRzM & � 3 ��!�,� � �'�W� !�,� � ����¦V�dhacv�TBKeac¹JI�dlMhF � ��� �B¥ � �$¤µ¼ ��¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+����� � ����¦V�h�3R�fBH & � 3 �"!��� � ���+� !��� � �$��¦V�ldhacv�TBKeac¹JI�dlMhF� �'� ��¥ � ��¤J¼ �.¡B� ¢Ò� ¤��B¥��W�.�,� � ����¦V�V�yA � dhaefBxÉMhNJI\HJI$¹JfJacMhaeF+f)F�L � �'� �B¥ � ��¤µ¼ �B��I[NµR*b�I

& � ��3 ¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+����� � �$��¦V�21 �£��� ¼ �& � 3 ����� ¼ & � ��3 ¡B�£¢�� ¤+�B¥��+����� � �$��¦V�21 �£��� ¼ �& � 3 ����� ¼

L�UhF�v��·NJacXYN��.mW�3aed±F��BMOR�aefBI�H7A_�� �HJIy¹µfJaDMOaeF�f FzL�¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+�B¥��6��IQNµR*b+I

¦ 3 �Y� � ��������� � ��� � � � � ¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+�B¥��+����� � �$��¦V� 3 � �¦ 3 �Y� � ��������� � ��� � � � � ¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+�B¥��+����� � �$��¦V� 3 � �

� dVaefJxÉKcI�vwvgR²Ã ¢V�����y��» �����3��s+�9�B�lIQNµR*b+I� � � � � 3 ¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+��¥��W����� � �$��¦V� � ¡B� ¢Ò� ¤+��¥��W����� � �$��¦V� ) ¢Ò��� �\��¥

{µUhF+v�MONJacd6Á+���Y ��¥ à ¢V�>�q�L�F+KeKcF��·d�A

^zt

ȳ%�&ª&ª= � � à ¢h����� ¢Ò��� �£��� �O���q� �£¢ �������� �£�����W����� ��� �,� � � ¦V����O���q� ¢V��� q�Q�_¥ ¢��+�$��¡ ) ¢Ò��� �\��¥,��O���q� ¢V���,�� ����O�£�B¥ ��� �����"�>����� �"� �,� � ����O���q� ¢V���,�� ����O�£�B¥ ��� e���'����� ��� ��� � ���¦ 3 �Y� � ���$����� � �$� � � ���¿¦ 3 �Y�=� �����.�,� � ����� � �

�cÄ���½�� � � � � � � � )r¢Ò��� �\��¥ ��s��� �����°A³{5UVF+v¿Ã �Y� ¢Ò��� � � �� c»��qÂ���  �

� �B7+�Y� � ���$����� � �$� �.� ) �Y�=�����$����� � �$� �.� 1Î�O���q� ¢Ò���Ð�f TµR�UVMhaeX$�JK R�U�MONJacd±aed3MOUV�JIL�F+U � � 7

�Y�=� ���$�.�,� � ����� � �4)¾�Y�=�����$����� � ����� � �21 �O���q� ¢V���i�acfJX�I�Y� � ���$����� � �$� � � � 3 �Y�=� ���$�.�,� � ����� � �lMONJacd �:I$X�F+vwI�d

�Y�=�����*�.�,� � ����� � � � �Y� � ��������� � �$� � � �*)¾�O�_� � ¢V��� ��~+�{µUhF+v�HJI$¹JfJacMhaeF+f)F�L��Y�=�����\�ÒC��%�B��I[x�I$M Q�Y� � ���$�������$� �.� � 3 C

¢��+���$¡ �� e� / � �W�.�,� � ¡ ����� � �.� ���+�

R�fJH)dVF � ���Y�=� ���$�.�,�*�������4)r�BAD��I�fJX$I�Y�=� ���$���.�laed±R�f�acfJX�UVI*R�dVaefJx²L��BfJX$MhaeF+f)R�fBH dVF � � ) � � A³{µUhF+v���+���lI[R�KedVF«F��BMOR�aefC

�\��¥ ¢��+�$��¡ )C

¢��+�$��¡ ��  � /�� �+����� � ¡ �£��� � ��� 3 � �5�Y�=� ���$�.�,�*�������

R�fJH)MON>�Jd

� � ����

C�\��¥ ¢��+�$��¡ � ) � � ����

�Y�=�����$�����������.� �'aeI$KeHJacfJx

� ��\��¥ ¢��+���$¡ � � �

�\��¥ ¢��+�$��¡ )¾�Y� � ���$�������$� � � � � �Y�=� �����.�,�*��� � � �

L�F+U·R�KcK�����A�k TBTJK#'aefBxÉMhNJaed3MhFw�,� � R�fBHG�JdVaefJxG�.~W�%�B��IQx+I$M�7� � �'�\��¥ ¢��+���$¡ � � � �>�Q�_¥ ¢�������¡ )¾�O���q� ¢Ò���

EG�JKDMOacTJK#'aefBx �:FzMON)dhacHJI�d �+ �Q�_¥ ¢������$¡ 'aeI�KcHJd� � � � � )¾�O���q� ¢V��� q�Q�_¥ ¢������$¡

�l�BM·L�UVF+v¿TJUVI�vwaedVIQ^!�J�lI\NµR*b�I�O���q� ¢V��� q�Q�_¥ ¢������$¡ ) ¢V��� �Q�_¥

R�fJH)��I[RzUhI\HJF+fJIzA

^+]

ȳ%�&ª&ª= ? �h�9( ��& #�%>- % ��%>��!�� �¬%>��% �O���q� ¢V���,�� ����O�£�B¥ ��� �����"�W�.�,� ��� �,� � ���¿�O�_� � ¢Ò���,�� ����O�£�B¥ ��� c���'�.�,� ��� ��� � �

� ��� �B7+�Y� � ���$�.�,� � ��� �.� )¾�Y� � ��������� � �$� �.�21Î�O�_� � ¢Ò����� �ÒC��W�

� �����°A³{5UVF+v¿KcI�vwvgR)��C��%���lI\F��BMOR�aef

� �B7 \�Y�=�����*�.�,� � �����.� � ) \�Y�=�����*�.�,� � �����.� � � ¼

� �B7 \�Y�=�����$����� � �����.� � ) \�Y�=�����$����� � �����.� � �ÒC+C��

j3R�dVI�C�7���� �B7 � ���Y� � ���$����� � �$� �.� ) � ���Y� � ���$����� � �$� �.�h�97P±N>�Jd

� � � ����

�Y�=� ���$�.�,� � ������� � ) � � � ���

��Y� � ���$�.�,� � ��� �.�� �

R�fJH NJI$fJX�I�Y�=�����$����� � ����¡ �����h� � �Y�=� ���$�.�,� � ������� )¾�Y� � ��������� � ���.¡ �£���h� � �Y� � ��������� � �$� �.�

�·I*R�UVUOR�fJx�aefJx 7�Y�=�����$����� � �����.� � �Y�=� ���$�.�,� � �����.�*)¾�Y� � ��������� � ���.¡ �£���h� � �Y� � ���$����� � �$�.¡ �£���h�

{µUhF+v�HJI$¹JfJacMhaeF+f)F�L��O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� c�����.�,� ��� ��� � ��Y� � ��������� � ���.¡ �£���h� � �Y� � ��������� � �$�.¡ �£���h�4)¾�O���q� ¢Ò���

R�fJH)MON>�Jd±��I9RzUhIHJF+fBI�Aj3R�dVI²^!7���� �B7 � ���Y� � ���$����� � �$� �.� ) � ���Y� � ���$����� � �$� �.�h�97P±N>�Jd

� �" �Y�=� ���$�.�,� � ������� � ) ���" �Y�=�����$����� � �$� �.� �R�fJH NJI$fJX�I

�Y� � ��������� � ��� �.� � �Y� � ��������� � �$���W� )¾�Y� � ��������� � ��� �.� � �Y� � ���$����� � �$���W��·I*R�UVUOR�fJx�aefJx

�Y� � ��������� � ��� �.� � �Y� � ��������� � �$� �.�4)¾�Y�=�����$����� � ���.�W� � �Y� � ���$����� � �$���W�{µUhF+v�HJI$¹JfJacMhaeF+f)F�L��O���q� ¢Ò���,��  ���O� �B¥ ��� �£�����>����� ��� �,� � �

�Y�=�����$����� � ���.�W� � �Y� � ��������� � �$���W� )¾�O�_� � ¢V���R�fJH)MON>�Jd±��I9RzUhIHJF+fBI�A

^�m

� ��� � /)� �%$ � $ � ��� � ��� � � � �Ð�fGMhNJaed±dVI�XyMOaeF�f �µ�lI\�·aeKcK7TJUhI$dhI$f>MqMONJI �µR�dVaeX\aeHBI*R �:I$NJaefBH MhNJI[TBUhF'F�L�FzL�MONBI[X�R�dhI\�·NJI�UVI[F�fJI[FzL�MONBIR�acUhX�UhRzL�M�acd aef«UVI�x+acF+f �¾R�fJH«MhNJI·F�MONJI$U�aed acf«UhI$x+aeF+fÉÏ�A+P±NBaed�aed�acKeKc�JdVMhUORzMhI�H²acf²¹µx+�JUVIqm�A�i�acfJX�I±acf²MONJacdX*RzdhI³MONJIÊR�acUhX�UhRzL�M¬NµR*b+IÊfJF�M�UVI*R�XYNJI$H[MhNJI³P@��MhNJI³dhT�I�I$HJd�RzUhI³X�F+fBdVMYRzf>M�R�fJH\MONBI !����L��JfJXyMOaeF�f[dVaevwTJKeaD¹µI�dMOFQMONJIqv�FzMOaeF�fwFzL¬R[TµRzUVMOacX�KcI�F�f�R[dÒMOUORzaex+NWM�KeaefBI�A�Ð�fwL.R�X$M���aDMlacd�T�F+dVdha2�BKeI±MOF[UhI*RzdhF+f�R��:F+��MlHJacdVMOR�fJX�I$daef�R )>�µR�HJUVaeKeRzMOI$UOR�K¬UOR,MONJI$UqMONJR�f R���F+�BMqT:F�aefWMOdqv�F�b'aefJx�aef ^�` dhTJR�X�IzA{µ�JUVMhNJI�UVv�F+UVI�� �:I$X*R��BdhI²MONBIR�acUhX�UhRzL�MRzUhI«UhI$dVMhUhaeXyMOI$H � �+ TJUhFzMOF'X�F+K �·L�UhF�v I$f>MhI�UVaefJx�MONBI«UhI�XyMYR�fBx+�JK RzU6UhI$x+aeF+fBdK R���I�KcKeI�H ����RzfJHÏ��ºaef�¹µx��JUhI)m�MhNJI�TJUhF'F�L�aed )'�BacMOI�I$KeI$v�I$f>MOR�U��AªP±NJI$dhI UhI$x+aeF+fBd²NµR*b+I��·aeH�MON ¢Ò��� �Q�_¥��+^ dhF MONBI

path of aircraft 1

aircraft 2RX LX

a

b

c = d =IAF_R IAF_L

path of

{�aex��JUhI\m 7��·I�dÒMOUVaeX$MhI�H ��I$x+aeF�fJd

dhNBF+UVMhI�dVM�HJaedÒMYR�fJX$I.��I$M���I�I�f R�f+ T:F+dVdha#�JKeI)MOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+U� acdgx+UVI*RzMhI�U�MhNµR�f ¢Ò��� �\��¥>A ��F���I$b�I�U �qMONBITJUVF�F�L�NµR�d ��I�I$f L�F+UVvgRzKea �$I�H�RzfJHGXYNBI�X ��I$H aef)o ¸\i�A�P±NBI �zI R��BdVMOUhR�X$M�KcI�vwvgR9�lR�d�7

� ��� � � � ) � �� ��� � � � � ) � �� ��� � ¢V��� �\��¥,� � ) ¢V��� �\��¥,�� ��� � ¢V��� �\��¥���^ � � � ) ¢Ò��� �Q�_¥��+^ �� ) � � ) � ��B¥ ¢V�$¤B�q�z¥����'��%� � %� � %& � ����B¥ ¢V�$¤B�q�z¥����'� %� � % � %& � �� ¡B� ¢Ò��� %& ��� %& � �4) ¢Ò��� �\��¥

^+s

P±NJI6TBUhI�vwaedVI�dÊ�·acMONwMONJIqTJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOIq�B¥ ¢Ò��¤B�q�z¥���$\X�F+fJdÒMOUhR�aef�KeF'X*RzMhaeF+fJd %& � R�fJH %& � MOF ��I dVF+v�Iy�·NJI�UVIF+f�MONBIQKcaefJIdVI�x+vwI�fWMhd·L�UVF+v %�ÉMOF %�6R�fJH %�qMhF %� UVI�dVT:I$X$MOaDb+I$K#+A

Ð�fWMOI�UVI�dÒMOaefBx+K#��+�lI±F+UVaex+acfµR�KcK#6I°|�T:I$X$MOI$HwMhF@�:I3R��JKeIÊMOFTJUVF�b+I3MONBaed�MhNJI�F+UVI�v§�·acMhNJF+�BM MhNJI3UVI�vwF�bzR�KF�L�MONJIÊUhI$dVMOUVaeXyMOI�H ��F+fBI�d�A�P±NJI�L�F�KeKeF��·acfJx3aef�L�F+Uhv�R�KWR�UVx+�JvwI�fWM¬�3Rzd�X$F+fJX�I$acb�I�H«R�d¬acKeKe�BdVMOUhRzMOI$H\aef\¹µx+�JUVIs�A i�acfJX�IwMONJIgR�aeUVX�UhRzL�MQR�UhI�F+Uhacx+aefJR�KeK�GdVI�TµRzUORzMhI�H RzMQMONBI�aeUQI�fWMhUOR�fJX$IgMOacv�I$dQR�fJHªMhNJI�TJRzMONJd[I�aDMONJI$U

IAF_R IAF_L

path of aircraft 1 aircraft 2

path of

{�aex+�BUhI\s!7Êi'F+v�I\´�UVUhF+fJI$F+�Jd�P±NJaef �'acfJx

HJaDb+I�UVx+I\F+U·X�F+fWb�I�Uhx�I �J��MqfBI$b+I$UqX$F+vwIQX$KeF+dVI�U3MhF+x+I$MhNJI�U±MhNµR�f)MONJI\KeI$fJx�MhN FzL F+fJI\F�L�MONBIQKcI�x+d±FzL�MONBIP@��MhNJI 9v²�JdVM��:I·R�HBI�)>�µRzMhI�K#9dhI$TµR�UOR,MOI�HÉfJFv�RzMVMOI�U��·NµRzM MhNJI±UhI$K RzMhacb+IldhT�I�I�HBd�RzUhI�A � fBL�F�UVMO�BfµRzMOI$K#MONBaed �����3! ��� ��1��� �&� �-,��� ��MONJI$F+UhI$v$"²acdÊL.RzKedhI�� �rNµRzMlMONJIqaefBL�F+UVvgRzKµUhI*RzdhF+fJacfJx²F�b+I$UhKcF�F��zI�H�acd�MONBIqL.R�XyMMONJRzM MhNJI9F+UVaex+acfµR�K�dVI�TµR�UhRzMOacF+f�x��µR�UORzf>MhI�I9R�TJTJKcaeI�d��·NJI�f MhNJI[¹JUhdVM6R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M I$fWMOI�UVdR�fJHGMONJI²dVI�X$F+fJHR�acUhX�UhRzL�Mwaed ����!*1*1����'�*��!� ',ÉF�L6MhNJI i'k�P�i R�aeUVdhTµRzX�I�A p6fJX$IGMONBI ¹µUVdVM�R�aeUVX�UOR,L�M�I$fWMOI�UVd��3MhNJI�UVI�x+acF+fµR�KX�F�f>MhUhF+KcKeI$UwfBFªKeF�fJx+I�UÉNµRzdgUhI$dhT�F+fJdVa2�JacKeacM� L�F+UwdhI�TJR�UORzMhaeF+f"A �rNµRzMw�lIGHJaeH<fJF�M�UhI*RzKea �$I��3R�dwMONµR,MMONBI�UhI²��I�UVI�HBacb+I$Uhx+I$fWMMOUOR /VI�X$MhF+UhacI�d6�·NJI$UhI«MONBI«H 'fµR�vwaeX²T�F+aefWMFzL�X$KeF+dVI�dÒM9RzTJTJUhF+R�XYN F�X$X��JUVd\RzL�MOI$UMONBIq¹µUVdVM±RzaeUhX$UORzL�MÊI$f>MhI�UVdlMONJI6i�k�P�i�R�acUhdhTJR�X�IzA P±NJaed�aedÊaeKcKe�JdÒMOUOR,MOI�HÉacf�¹µx+�BUhI6~�A�P±NJI T�F+aefWMhd�KeR��:I$KeI$HkºR�UVIgMONJI�KcF�X�RzMOacF+fJd[F�L·MONJI)R�acUhX$UORzL�M[�·NJI�f<R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M�C�¹µUVdVMÉI�fWMhI�Uhd$A �qI$UhI�MhNJI ÎRzUhI�R�HBI�)>�µRzMhI�K#�J�BM²v�acfJaev�R�KeK� dVI�TµR�UhRzMOI$H7A �qF���I$b+I$U«�·NJI�f MONBI�dhI�X$F+fJH R�acUhX�UhRzL�M[aed9L.R�dÒMOI$U²acM[MOUOR*b�I�Ked[L��JUVMhNJI�U«acfacMhd6MOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+U��MONJR�f MONJI«¹µUVdVM[R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M6F�b+I$UQR�MhaevwI²aefWMhI�UVbzR�K�A9P±NJI$UhIyL�F+UhIÉdhNBF+UVMhK# R,L�MOI�U\RzaeUhX$UORzL�M9CI�fWMhI�Uhd ���·NJI$f MhNJI R�UVIwRzM\MONJIwT:F�dhacMhaeF+fBd6K R���I�KcKeI$H �§MhNJI R�UVIÉX�KeF�dhI�UMhF+x+I$MhNJI�U\MONJR�f �·NBI�f MhNJI ��I�UhI[RzM·T�F+aefWMhd±k9AµP±NJI$UhI$L�F�UhI\dhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�f acd±KeF+dÒM*AÊE�Rzf gb�Rzaef RzMhMhI�vwTBMOd3��I�UVI[v�R�HJI6MhFÉTJUhF�b+I\MONBIdhI$TµR�UhRzMOacF+fGTBUhF+T�I�UÒM�Gacf MhNJI[o�¸i)MhNJI�F+UVI�vºTJUVF�b�I�U²�.I�AuxJA3�BdhaefBx�b+I$X$MhF+UqL�F+UVv²�JKeR�d3L�F+U±MONJIQT�F+aefWM�F�LX�KcF+dhI$dVMqR�TJTBUhFWR�XYNµ� ��I$L�F�UhI\acM3�lR�d�UhI�R�Kea���I�H�MhNµRzM·MONBI �ÒKeI�vwv�R�"9�lR�d·fJF�M·MOUV�JI�A

� ��� � /)� �%$ � $ � ��� � ��� � �

�rNJacKeI�aef6MhNJIÊTJUhF'X�I$dhd¬F�LB�·UVacMhaefJx±�JT\MONBaed�TµR�T�I�U �,��I³HJI�X$aeHJI$H[MhFqR,MhMOI$v�T�M�MONJI³TJUVF�F�L�F�LBR�fJF�MhNJI�U¬X�R�dhIzAi�acfJX�IQ�lI«NµRzH fJF�Mqb+I�UVac¹µI$H R�f+�X�R�dhI$d6�·NJI�UVI²F+fJI²R�aeUVX�UOR,L�M��lR�dF+fGMONJI[P RzfJH�MONBI²F�MONBI�U6RzaeUhX$UORzL�M

^�~

IAF_R IAF_L

path of aircraft 1

parg of aircraft 2

A

BA

B

{�aex+�BUhI~ 7Êi'F+v�I\´�UVUhF+fJI$F+�Jd�P±NJaef �'acfJx

�lR�dldÒMOaeKcK5R�TJTJUVFWR�XYNJacfJx[MhNJI P@�W��I6HJI$X�aeHBI�HgMhF9RzMVMOI$v�TBMlR[TBUhF'F�L7F�L7¢h�����$�.» Ä ÃC�+�·NJI$UhI6F�fJI RzaeUhX$UORzL�Maed·acfGUVI�x+acF+fGt�R�fJH�R�fJF�MhNJI�U�F+fJI\acdqF+f)¹µfµRzK�RzTJTJUhF+R�XYN7A �rNJacKeIQRzMVMOI�vwTBMhaefJx«MOFwTJUVF�b�I[MhNJaed·X*RzdhI���acM�lR�d HJacdhX$F�b�I�UVI�H MONµR,MqMhNJaed�KeI$v�v�R²�3R�dqfJF�MqMOUh�BI�A·Ð�f�MONBaed�X*R�dVI[MONBI�UhI9aed·fJFgMhaevwIQd�'fJXYNJUhF�fJa ��RzMOacF+fI�f�L�F+UhX$I�H �+<MhNJI�k6E E F+f MONJI RzaeUhX$UORzL�M�RzM�MONJI$aeUÉb'aeUVMh�µR�K·F+U�UhI*RzKqÐ�k {�d�A � fBL�F+UÒMO�JfJRzMOI$K# MOacv�Id�'fJXYNBUhF+fJa��*RzMhaeF+f[RzM¬MONBI�Ð�{ �.acfJacMha R�K�¹B|J��RzfJH ��P �.UV�JfW�3R8\MONBUhI�dVNJF+KcH5�¬acd�fJF�M�dh�!��X$aeI$f>M�MOF·x+�µRzUOR�fWMOI$IMONJRzM±MONJI% R�UhIx�I�F+vwI$MhUhaeX�R�KeK�wdhI�TJR�UORzMhI�H�RzM�R�KeK:MOaevwI�d$A P±NJI$UhI[R�UhIM���F�T�F+dhdVa2�JKcIUhI$dhF+Kc�BMOacF+fJd�7C+A �·I�)>�JacUhIMOacv�I6d�'fJXYNJUhF�fJa ��RzMOacF+f RzM·MONJI\Ð�k6{�d�A^�A � I�fJI$UOR�Kca �$I[MONBI²fJF�MhaeF+fGF�L³¢h������� » ¢V���,�� �������¡)MOF�R�KeKcF��ÌTµRzMON dVI�TµRzUORzMhaeF+f acf�MONBI�dhI«X�R�dhI$d\R�d6acfMhNJI\��� ��¢V� �$�- �¥��� �dVacMO�JRzMOacF+f7A

ЮL�MONBI6dhI$X�F+fJH)dVF+Ke�BMhaeF+f�aed�dhI�KcI�XyMOI�H �BMONJI HJI$¹µfBacMOacF+fgFzL¬¢h������� » ¢V���,�� �������¡É�·aeKcK�NJR�b�I6MOF²XYNJR�fJx+I$H�L�UhF+v

¢V������� » ¢Ò���,��  �����$¡�����%& ��� %& � �('¡B� ¢Ò����%& ��� %& � �*) ¢Ò��� �\��¥,+���B¥ ��� �+¢Ò� ���- �¥��� .�'��%& ��� %& � ���À¡B�£¢��$��%& ��� ��!� /-0+�21 ¡B� ¢Ò����%& ��� ��!� /30��4) ¢Ò��� �\��¥z�

MOFÉdVF+v�IyMONJacfJxÉKea#��I

¢V������� » ¢V���,�� �������¡��'��%& �"� %& � � '¡B�£¢�����%& �"� %& � � ) ¢Ò��� �Q�_¥,+�.��¥�� /:¥,�-� ��¥�� �·� �YÂ+�_¥ �£�����W��%& ��� %& � ���À¡B�£¢��*��%& ��� ��!� /30+�21ΡB�£¢��$��%& � � �"!� /-0+�4) ¢V��� �\��¥z�

^��

P±NJI�¹µUVdVM«UVI�dVF+Ke�BMhaeF+fªaed²R XYNJR�fJx+I�MhF�MONJI�F�T:I$UORzMhaeF+fµRzKÊX$F+fJX$I�TBMÉaDMOdhI$KcL����·NBI�UhI�R�d²MONBI�dhI�X$F+fJHÎaed9RXYNµR�fBx+I MOF�MONBI dhRzL�I$M�¾TJUhF+T�I�UÒM�¾aDMOdhI$KcL�A P±NJI ¹µUhdÒM UhI�dVF+Ke��MOaeF�f¾�lF+�BKeH aevwT�F+dhI dVF+vwI R�HJHJaDMOaeF�fµR�KMOacv�acfJx X�F+fBdVMOUhR�aefWMhdwMhNµRzMw�lF+�BKeH NJR�b�I�MOF �:I I�f�L�F+UhX$I�H �+ÎMONJIGkE E R�fJH X$F+fJdVI�)>�JI�fWMhK#<X�F+�JKcHUhI$HJ�JX$I�MONJI�T�I�UÒL�F+Uhv�R�fJX$I�A � I�dh�JdVT:I$X$M«MhNµRzM²MhNJI�aevwTµR�XyM[��F+�JKcH �:I�L.R�aeUVK# dhv�R�KcK �B�B�BM²MONBaed[�·acKeKNµR*b+IMhF ��I\R�dVdhI�dVdhI$H�b'a R«dhacv²�JK R,MOaeF�f7A�kqKcMhI�UhfJRzMOaDb+I�K���'MONJI\UhI$K R,|BRzMhaeF+fgF�L�MhNJIdOR,L�I$M�)TJUVF+T:I$UVM�gHJF�I$dfJF�M±R�TJT�I*R�UlMhF �:I�BfJUhI�R�dhF+fJR��JKeI aef�MONJRzM±acMlaed3HBaeUhI$X$MhK#gR�fµR�KcF+x+F+�JdÊMOF²�·NµR,M±aed±RzKeUhI�R�H �HJF+fJI6�·NBI�f��F�MON R�acUhX�UhRzL�M·R�UVIF+f�MONJI\PAµÐ�f)L.R�X$M·acf�MONJacd±dhaDMO�µRzMhaeF+f�MhNJI\x+I�F�v�IyMOUhacX6dhI$TµR�UhRzMOacF+f)aed±x+UVI*RzMhI�U3MONJR�f�·NJI$f ��F�MON R�acUhX�UhRzL�M·R�UVI\F+f�MONJI\PA

� ���w���� 8� ���w�

Ð�f MONJacd²TµR�T�I�U[�lI)NµR*b+I�TBUhI�dVI�fWMOI$H¾R�L�F+UVvgRzK�vwF�HBI�KlFzL R X$F+fJX$I�TBM«L�F+U9dhI�)>�JI$fJX�acfJx R�aeUVX�UOR,L�M²aefWMhFR i�k�P�i<RzaeUhT�F+UÒM²�·acMhNJF+�BMwR MOF���I�U �lUORzHµR�U��ÊF+UÉR�acUhT�F+UVM²X�F+fWMOUVF+KeKcI�U$A�P±NJI X�F+fJX$I�TBM�UhI$KeacI�d«�JT�F+f RMOacv�acfJx²TJUVF�MOF'X�F�K7aevwTJKeI$v�I$fWMOI�Hgaef)dhF�L�M��lR�UVIQfJR�v�I$H�MONJI\k acUhX$UORzL�MqE�RzfµR�x+I$v�I$f>MqE F�HJ�BKeIw�.k6E E �°AP±NJI3X$F+fJX$I�TBM�NJR�d���I�I�f²L�F�Uhv�R�KeK�6vwF�HJI$KeI$H9�JdVaefJx ��F�MhN²X�F+fWMhaef>�JF+�Jd R�fJH²HJacdhX$UhI$MhI3v�RzMONJI$vgR,MOaeX$d�RzfJHX�F�fJdhacdVMOd�F�L�MONJUVI�I³vgRzaef\TJaeI$X�I$d�7��ÒC��¬EGF'HJI$K'FzL�MhNJI3i'k�P�i[R�acUhdhTJR�X�I³�JdVaefJx ^:��HBaevwI�fJdVaeF+fµRzKzb+I$X$MhF+Uhd �µ��^��vwF�HJI$K+F�LBR�aeUVX�UhRzL�M7MOUhR:/VI�XyMOF+UVaeI$d�Rzd¬L��BfJX$MhaeF+fJd¬F�L'MOacv�I�MONµRzM�R�UVI�HJI$MhI�UVv�acfJI�H �+\R�aeUVX�UhRzL�M�dhT�I�I$H �z�·NBaeXYNaed�HJI$T:I$fJHJI�fWM�BT:F+f MONJIQUhI$vgRzaefJacfJxÉHJaedÒMYR�fJX$IQMhF�MhNJI9UV�JfW�3R8 MONJUVI�dhNBF+KeH ��R�fBHÎ��@W�±RwUhI�)>�JacUhI$v�I$f>MhdvwF�HJI$K�FzLÊMhNJI«kE�E �"�·NJacXYN dhT�I�X�aD¹µI�d6MhNJI«NJacx+N!��KcI$b�I�K¬MOaevwaefBxgTJUVF+T:I$UVMhaeI�d I�fBL�F+UVX�I$H �+GMONJI²k6E EdhFzL�M��3R�UVI�A

kÎvgRzMhNJI�v�RzMhaeX*RzK,MhNJI�F+UVI�v1NµRzd ��I�I$fQL�F�Uhv²�JKeRzMOI$H6�·NJaeXYNQdVMORzMOI$d�MhNµRzM�MhNJI³kE E MOaevwaefBxlTJUVF�MOF'X�F+K�·aeKcK¬vgR�acfWMYR�acf�R�HBI�)>�µRzMhI²dhI$TµR�UOR,MOaeF�f.�:IyM��lI$I�f R�KcK�RzaeUhX$UORzL�M R�dVdh�JvwaefJxwMONµR,MR�KcK�RzaeUhX$UORzL�M�L�F+KcKeF��ÌMONBIaefBdVMOUV�JX$MhaeF+fBd x+acb�I�f �+²MONBI±kE EºR�fJH«MONBI �VUh�JKcI�d FzL:MhNJI±UhFWRzH "\R�dhdVF�X$a RzMhI�H«�·acMhN²MONJI±X$F+fJX$I�TBM�A�P±NJITJUVF�F�LÊF�LÊMONBaed MhNJI�F+UVI�v �lR�d\HJI$X�F+vwT:F�dhI�H acf>MhF�MOI$f X�R�dhI$dQFzLÊ�·NBaeXYN ¹Jb+IÉNµR*b+I ��I�I$f TJUVF�b+I�H"A«P±NJITJUVI�Keacv�acfµR�U��X$F+fJX$I�TBM�vwF�HJI$KeI$H�aef�MONJacd±TµR�T�I�U3�lR�d·HJI$b�I�KcF+T:I$H m«vwF+fWMONJd±TJUVaeF+U�MOF«MONJI\X$F+v�TBKeI$MhaeF+fF�L�MONJI[i�k�P�i)HJUOR,L�M\C[F+T�I�UhRzMOacF+fµR�K:X�F+fBX�I�T�M dVFwMhNµRzM±L�F+UVvgR�K�b+I$Uhac¹JX*RzMhaeF+f)MOI$XYNJfJa2)>�JI$d RzfJHGKca2�JUhR�UhacI�ddh�BacMYR��JKeI«L�F+U\MONJacd[TBUhF��JKcI�v HJF�vgR�acf X$F+�JKcH ��I�HJIyb+I$KeF+T�I�H7A,�qF�T:IyL��JKeK����v²�JXYN�F�LlMONJIwMONJacdQ�·acKeK ��IUhI$�JdhI$H��·NJI�f�MhNJI ¹µfµRzK�i�k�P�igF+T�I�UhRzMOacF+fµR�K5X$F+fJX�I$TBM±acdlvwF�HJI$KeI$H�R�fJH)RzfµR�K# �$I�HgL�F+UVvgRzKeK#�A�Ð�f�F�UhHJI$UMOFÉvwF�b+I\F+f)MOF«MONJI¹µfJR�K�i�k�P�i�F+T:I$UORzMhaeF+fJR�K"X$F+fJX�I$TBM8�µMhNJIb+I�UVac¹µX�RzMOacF+f��3RzdqfJFzM±L��JKeK�gX$F+v�TBKeI$MhI�H7A� I ��I�KcaeIyb+I MONJRzM�MONJI³X$F+v�TBKeI$MhaeF+f F�Lµ]z��� F�L'MONBI�dh� ��X*R�dVI�d�aed7I$fJF+�Jx+N\MOF·HJI$v�F�fJdVMhUORzMhI³MhNJI L�I*Rzdha2�BaeKeaDM�F�L�MhNJaed b�I�UVac¹µX�RzMOacF+f R�TJTBUhFWR�XYN Iyb+I�f MhNJF+�Jx+N Iyb+I$U�>MONJacfJx��lI«dVI$M\F+��M6MOF�RzX�X�F�v�TJKcaedVN aef m�vwF+fWMONBd�lR�d�fBF�MɹµfJaedVNJI�H"A-��F���I$b�I�U � �:I$X*R��JdVIGFzLqMhNJIGacfJX�F�v�TJKcI$MhI�fJI$dhdÉF�L�MONJI TJUhF'F�L�d²��IGHBF fJFzM$�>fJF���·NJIyMONJI$UlMONJIqTJUhI$Keacv�acfµR�U�[X�F�fJX�I$TBM±acMhdhI$KcL7acd�dhRzL�I�A � I�NµR*b+I6UV�Jf�v�R�f+Édhaev9�JK RzMhaeF+fBd�F�L7MONBI X�F�fJX�I$TBM�J�BM��lI HJF²fJF�M(�:I$KeacI$b+I·MONJRzM3dVaev²�JKeRzMOacF+fwR�KeF�fJIqTBUhF�b'aeHJI$d±R9UOR,MOaeF�fµR�K �µR�dVaedÊL�F+UlRzdhdh�BUhaefBx²dORzL�IyM�+A � IHJF ��I�KeacI$b�IgMONµR,M«�·acMON dV� �wX�acI�fWMwI �:F+UVMG��TJUhF��JR��JK#�^�MOF t v�R�f v�F�f>MhNJdY�[MhNJI�UhI$vgRzaefJacfJx�TJUVF�FzL�dX�F��JKeH$�:I�X�F+vwTJKcI$MOI$H��·aDMON�R,M�vwF+dÒM�L.R�acUhK�²vwaefJF+U³vwF�HBac¹µX�RzMOacF+fJd MOFQMONJI�kE�E TJUhFzMOF'X�F+KcdÊF�U�dÒMYRzMhI�HdOR,L�I$M�)TJUVF+T:I$UVMhaeI�d$A

���+� �³�6�����

4 C�6�� , ',�� �"1�� �3!��"��! �&)�� ,4#��'1$�"�0! �&)���� ,����&) ��� ��! � �"1 ��) �&� 5 �"�0! �&)�� �") � �"1 A���I$TJT:I$dhI$fwiBR�fJHJI$UhdVF+f²Ð�fJX��C��+�+�BA

@+�

4u^069j3R�UhUVI�fJF ��¸6aeXyMOF+U 7ZjlF+fJX$I�TBM²L�F�U«EG�JKDMOacTJKeI�p6T:I$UORzMhaeF+fBd9RzM qF+f���P�F���I�U qF+f!� �qRzHµR�UQk aeUVT:F�UVMOd`6�JUhacfJx3Ð�fJdÒMOUh�Bv�I$f>M�EGIyMOI$F+UhF+KcF+x+acX*R�K�jlF+fJHJaDMOacF+fJd�A,Ð�f � ��� � , , "!*)'#&� �� �7%/,���� ) ���!$#"!*� �"1�� �3!��"��! �&)� �;����,�5�� �&) �,��-,�) � ,%�JÐ�fJHJaeR�fµR�T�F+Kcaed��'Ð�fJHJaeR�fµR �µpXyM*A�^����+@BA

@BC

� � �@�·��� �Ê�� ����1� � =

P±NJI qk6i�kZo�¸i)Kca2�JUhR�U��X�F�f>MOR�aefBd3MONJUVI�IQHJaedÒMOaefBX$M±b+I$X$MhF+Uhd�Kea#�JUOR�UVaeI$dC+Aq^:�®HJaevwI�fBdhaeF�fµR�K5b+I�XyMOF+UVd^�A�@0�®HJaevwI�fBdhaeF�fµR�K5b+I�XyMOF+UVd@BA ��HJacv�I$fJdhacF+fµR�K�b+I�XyMOF+UVd

p6fJI�v�acx+NWMÊ��F+fJHBI�U��·N+ÉMONBI�UhIqdhNJF��JKeH �:I ^�`ÌRzfJH�@+`rb+I$UhdhacF+fJd �'�·NJI$f)R�f ��HBaevwI�fJdVaeF+fµRzKBb+I$UhdhacF+faed R*b�RzaeK R��JKeIzA�P±NBIÉR�fJdV��I�U aedqMhNµRzMqMONJI$UhI«R�UVI²dhF�v�I[fJF�MYR,MOaeF�fµR�K¬X�F+fWb�I�fJacI�fJX$I�dL�F+U HBF+aefJxwMONJacd�A{µF+UIy|BR�vwTJKcI��Jacf)MhNJI[^�`1b+I�UVdhacF+f ��IQUhI�TBUhI�dVI�fWM R«b�I�XyMOF+UqR�d

�������� ������ ��������� ��� � �! "��#�$ ��%

�·NJI$UhI*Rzdqacf)MhNJI �®HJaevwI�fJdVaeF+fJR�K"Kca2�JUhR�U�gR²b+I�XyMOF+U�aed

&�'"("� � �)��� �����+* �"$��-,/.0'21�������� �)��� ������� &�'"("� ��354 "�5#"$ %

�·NJI$UhI\¥aed³RL�F+Uhv�R�KJTJR�UOR�vwI$MhI�Uq� ���+¢°¥,���V��MOF\MONBI·MhNJI�F�U�+A�P±N>�Jd �BacfÉMhNJI·M��lF[HJaevwI�fJdVaeF+fJR�KBX�R�dhI���MONBI| ��X$F+v�T�F+fJI$fWMlF�L�RQb+I$X$MhF+U � acd �56 0\�·NJI$UhI�R�d3aefÉMONBI� �®HJaevwI�fBdhaeF�fµR�KJKca2�JUhR�U�«aDMÊaed � ��7 �°A k KcdhFQX�I�UÒMYR�acfF+T�I�UhRzMOacF+fJd·R�UVIx+UhI�RzMOK��dhacv�TBKeac¹JI�H�aef�MhNJI[^�`1X*R�dVI�AÊP±NJI\HJF�M�TJUhF'HJ�JXyM·aed

8 .09 �;: 1<� "��#"$ � 9�= � 8 : = �?> 9�= � 8 : = ��@ A (B�-DC" B��(E92�

aef�MhNJI[^:��HJacv�I$fJdhacF+fµR�K�X*RzdhI��µ�·NJI$UhI�R�dqacf�MONJI �®HJaevwI�fBdhaeF�fµR�K�X*R�dVI[aDM±aed

8 .09 �;: 1<� "��#"$ �GF5HIKJ #L.NM � ' 3POQ�;R�����SUT��VH �W9/. H 1 8 : . H 151 @ A+T �- � B��(E9P�-

�·NJI$UhIQdhaex�vgR²acd·RÉdV�JvwvgRzMhaeF+f�F�T:I$UORzMhF+U±aevwT:F�UVMOI$H�L�UhF+v�MONJI\UVI*R�Kcd±Kea2�BUOR�U�+AÐ�f�MONBaed6RzTJT:I$fJHJa}|G��I9�·acKeK�TJUVI�dhI$fWMMONJI²^:��HJacv�I$fJdhacF+fµR�K7b�I�UVdhaeF�f.�:I$X*R��BdhI9MhNµRzM6acd��·NJRzM6acd �JdVI�H

aef MONJI i�k�P�iª��F+U��5A �qF���I$b+I$U��ÊMONJI�HBa#�:I�UhI$fJX�I$dÉaefªMhNJI�Kea#�JUOR�UVaeI$d9R�UVI>��I$TBM«MOF R vwaefBaev²�Jv A�kqKeKF+T�I�UhRzMOF+UVd��ÊHJI$¹JfJacMhaeF+fJd �lRzfJH<KcI�vwvgRzd«R�UhI)x+aDb+I$f<acHJI�fWMOacX*R�KlfµR�vwI�d«MOF dhacv�TBKeacL1 MhNJIG�BdhI)F�L MhNJI�dVIKea#�JUORzUhaeI$d�A

� ��� � � � !#0 & �%//P3��F�fµRzv�I$dqRzUhIQR*b�RzaeK R��JKeI�L�F+U·R²b+I�XyMOF+U·M�'T:IQR�UVI\TJUhF�b'aeHJI$HGacf�MONJIMONBI�F+U� � ���y���3 e¢ � ±A

�������� �)��� ��������� ��� � �) "�5#"$ ��%�����BX �)��� ����� �����Y�K

P±NJI\b+I$X$MOF�U�F�T:I$UORzMhF+Uhd�R�UVIHJI$¹µfBI�H Rzd·L�F�KeKeF��·d 7

@W^

# �)� ��� "��#"$9 �0:/� , �)� ��� ��������

3 . : 1 �)�������� � . 3K: = ��� 3K: = � 1 @

> .09 �;: 1<���������� � .09�= �?>+: = ��� 9�= � >+: = � 1 @

3 .09 �;: 1<���������� � .09�= ��3 : = ��� 9�= �?3 : = � 1 @

8 .09 �;: 1<� "��#"$ � 9�= � 8 : = �?> 9�= � 8 : = ��@ A (B�-DC" B��(E92�

8 .N# �;: 1<���������� � .N# 8 : = ��� # 8 : = � 1 @

k§X�F+fWb�I�UhdVaeF+f aed±TBUhF�b'aeHJI$H�dhF«MhNµRzM�F+fJIX�R�fGX$UhI�RzMOI9^�`Ìb+I$X$MOF�UhdqR�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d

. �U:��;�U: 1

UOR,MONJI$U·MhNµR�f)NµR*b'aefJxÉMOF«�·UVacMOI

. � � � �D�U:/� � � � ��:D� 1

P±NJI$UhI[R�UhIdVI$b+I$UOR�K¬L��JfJXyMOacF+fJd·R�fJH TJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI�d·TJUhF�b'aeHBI�H dh�JXYN�R�d

F��E: . : 1<�)'�'" "�5#"$ � : 8 :'��� J . : 1<�)'�'" ���#"$ � F�� U�. F��E: . : 151

� �E B� �K: ������ �� . : 1�� � ����� * ����$ � .0'��� J . : 1 � M �� �T: = �?� M �� UT?: = �?� MY1

' � �K: ���Y�� �� . : 1 � � ����� * ����$ � .0'��� J . : 1�� � M �� �T. : = � � � M ��D: = � � � MB1�1

'��� J #"$ H � �U(�� . : 1 � � ����� * ����$ � .0'��� J . : 1 � O 1

� �E B� �����U B� �K: �B�Y�� � .NM � MB1 @

�Q.0' � : 1 � �� J #"$ H � �E( � . O �'��� J .0' � : 1�1 8 ' � :

CB#E "#�$�$E�"$��<.0' � 9 � ' � : 1<� * ����$ � �Q.0' � 9 1 8 �Q.0' � : 1 � O�����Q.0' � 9 1 8 �Q.0' � : 1 � 3�O

�� U��P� I �'B#�$�� .09 �;: 1<� * ����$ � 9 8 :?� M @

P±NJI$UhI[R�UhIdVI$b+I$UOR�K�HJF �$I�f KeI$v�v�R�d±R*bzR�aeKeR��JKcIqL�F+U±v�R�fJacTJ�JK R,MOaefBx[b+I$X$MhF+Uhd�dh�JXYN�R�d

#E(�( � # F�F �5� � R�� ��� � 9 > . :�> ,P1 � .;9 >E: 1 > ,#E(�( ��J � : � � HI �5 � R�� ��� � 9 > , �+: &����+9 � : 3 ,

@+@

#E(�( � �K#�'P�K��$ � $E���� � R�� ��� � 9 >+:?� 9 > , & ���5R & ���+:�� ,'B� I � ( HUF 5 ��F 9 * � R�� ��� ��3 . : 3 9 1 � 9 3 :(B�- � � ��� #E IYF��EI � � R�� ��� � 9 8 9 4U� M(B�- � ( HUF 5 � #E(�( � HI �5 � R�� ��� � . :"> ,21 8 9 �+: 8 9 > , 8 9(B�- �BF �K#"$ � $E���U � R�� ��� � .N# 8 9 1 8 : � # 8 .09 8 : 1(B�- �BF �K#"$ � �K#�'��' � R�� ��� � .N# 8 9 1 8 . * 8 : 1 � . # 8 * 1 8 .09 8 : 1F��E: �BF �K#"$ � R�� ��� � F��E: . # 8 : 1 � F�� .N#B1 8 F��E: . : 1F�� U ��F��E: � '��� J � R�� ��� � F�� U/. F��E: . : 1�1 � '��� J . : 1'��� J � � ��� M � R�� ��� � '��� J . : 1 � M & ��� : � � �E Y��K#�9P� � � ��F � �5,�#E U � � R�� ��� � F�� .09 8 : 1�� �GF��E: .09 1 8 F��E: . : 1

� ��� � � � &/� � �= � � � � -�,10 !P±NJI«MONBI�F+U� �+��¢°� �O�£�B¥�¢ �� I�fJNµRzfJX�I$dQMhNJI²b+I$X$MOF�UQdVTµR�X$IÉ�·aDMON X�F�fJdVMhUh�JXyMOdL�F+UdhT�I�X$acL1'aefBx�HJaedÒMYR�fJX$I�d$Ap6fJI±L�UhI )'�BI�fWMOK�w�lR�fWMOd³MOFQ�JdVI R6b+I$X$MhF+U�MhFQHBI�dhacx+fµRzMhI�RQKcF�X�RzMOacF+f«aef�^�` dhTµR�X$I�A�P�F[v�R��zI·MhNJaed³vwF+UhIIy|�TJKcaeX$acM8�'MONJIL�F+KcKeF��·aefBx9M�'T:IQHJI$¹JfJacMhaeF+f��lR�dqR�HJHJI$H� � F X T ����� ����� �B����X

MONBF+�Jx+N acM±acd±UhI�R�KeK� /V�JdÒMqRwd��fBF+f+�v A qI°|�MqacM3aed±�JdVI$L��JK�MOFÉNµR*b�I9R«vwI$MOUVaeXF+U±HBaedVMOR�fJX$I\L��BfJX$MhaeF+f 7F���� ( HUF �.0C OQ� CBX�� � � F X T 1<�)'�'" "��#�$ � F�� .0C O = � 3 CYXL= � 1 >�F�� .0C O = ��3 CBXL= � 1

( HUF /.0C OQ� CYX�� � � F X T 1 �!'�'" "��#�$ � F�� U/. F���� ( HUF �.0C OQ� CBXB151

E�R�f+)KcI�vwvgR�dlR�UhIQR*bzR�aeKeR��JKcI��'aefJX$Ke�JHJacfJx( HUF � "���B$ � RU� ��� � ( HUF �.0C � C 1 � M( HUF ��F-�KJ � RU� ��� � ( HUF �.0C OQ� CBXB1 � ( HUF �.;CBX � C O 1( HUF � � ��� M � RU� ��� � ( HUF �.0C OQ� CBXB1 � M & ��+C O � CYX( HUF � '��� J � RU� ��� � ( HUF �.09 �0: 1 � '��K J .09 3E: 1F���� ( HUF � $U� � RU� ��� � F���� ( HUF �. : OQ�0: XY1�� �GF���� ( H�F �.0C O � CBXB1 & ���5R & ���

( HUF �. : OQ�;: XB1�� � ( HUF /.0C OQ� CYXB1( HUF �EI � �E� � RU� ��� � ( HUF �.0C OQ� CBXB1 4U� # *PF .;C O = �G3 CBXL= � 1( HUF �EI � �E� � RU� ��� � ( HUF �.0C OQ� CBXB1 4U� # *PF .;C O = �G3 CBXL= � 1( HUF � 5 H #K' I $E��� RU� ��� � F�� . ( HUF �.;CBX � CBMY1�1 � F�� . ( H�F �.0C O � CBMB1�1 > F�� . ( HUF /.0C OQ� CYXB1�1

3 X 8 .;C O3 CBMY1 8 .0C O-3 CBXB1P±NJI\L�F+KeKcF��·aefJx[TJUhI$HJaeX�RzMOI$d R�UVI\R*b�RzaeK R��JKeI�7�' � � H Y�U$E��� .0C � P1<� * ���5$ � ( HUF /.0C � � �U B�"1 �

�' � $ H 'B� � .;C OQ� CBX � C21<� * ����$ ���� & � � � . � �! "��#�$"1 � C � C O > � 8 .;CBX 3 C O 1

�' ��F � IKJ ��'"�� .0C O � CBX � C 1<� * ����$ ���� & � � � . � � � � '5'" "��#"$�� � � � O� 1 � C � C O > � 8 .0CBX 3 C O 1

@�t

� � � � � � � ��! P±NJIMONBI�F+U� �n�_¥���¢ �� <TBUhF�b'aeHJI$d�X$F+fWb+I$fJaeI$f>M�L�F+UVvgR�Kca ��RzMOacF+fJd³L�F+U3KeacfJI�dlaefG^:��HBaevwI�fJdVaeF+fµRzK:dVTµR�X�IzA³P±NJIMOUhR�HJaDMOaeF�fµR�K��3R8GMOF�HJIy¹µfJI$d[R�KcaefJI�� acdF�+ dVT:I$X�aDL1�acfJxgM���F)HJaedÒMOaefBX$M6T�F+acf>Mhd�� %&�" R�fJH %& � �:F+f acM�AkKeacfJI��rX*Rzf R�KedVF>�:I9HJI$¹µfBI�H � RgT�F+aefWM\R�fBH RgHJaeUVI�XyMOaeF�f7A\Ï�I$M %& " ��I«RgT�F+aefWMF�f�MONJI«KcaefJI�� RzfJHKeIyM % � ��I[RÉfJF+f ��I�UVFwb�I�XyMOF+U�dhT�I�X$acL1'aefJx«MhNJI\HJaeUVI�X$MhaeF+f)F�L�MONBIQKcaefJIzA�P±NJaed·acd±I�)>�JacbzR�KcI�fWM·MOF«MONBI\M���FT�F+aefWM6HBI$¹µfJaDMOacF+f �"dVaefJX$I9��I«X�F+�JKcH /V�JdÒM\TJ�BM % � 3 � %& � � %& " �°A#�ªI²X�R�f R�KcdhF�R�HBH H 'fµR�vwaeX�dqMOF�F+�BUKeacfJI�A�ЮL���I\R�dVdh�JvwI\R²TµR�UÒMOaeX$KeIqaed3vwF�b�acfJx²acf�R²KeacfJIq�·aDMON)R²X�F�fJdVMOR�fWM±b+I�KcF�X$acM����MONBI�f��lIX�R�f)HJI$¹JfJIMONBaed·KeacfJI*R�Ulv�F�MhaeF+f)�JdVaefJx«MhNJI[KcF�X�RzMOacF+f�F�L�MONJI\T�F+aefWMqRzM±MOacv�I �$I�UVF ��RÉb�I�KeF'X�aDM��b+I$X$MhF+U RzfJH�R«MOacv�ITµR�UhR�vwI$MOI$U3¦97

%&�" 1 ¦� %� ����·NJacXYNGTJUVF�b�acHJI�d±MhNJI\KeF'X*RzMhaeF+f�F�L�MONBIQTJR�UVMhaeX�KcIRzM±MhaevwI ¦°A

Ð�f MhNJI\Kea#�JUOR�U����KeaefBI�d·R�UVIQHBI$¹µfJI$H R�d·R«MO�BTJKeI�7A S # F5H � � T5� 'B# J H �A�3�3�3�3�353�3�3�3�353�3�3�3�353�3�3 � 353�3�3�3�3"3�3�3"3�3�3�3"3�3�3�3

R�H 'B� �)��� ����� �0� C �)�����BX � A C�� H '" �-' ��Y�?$ H 'B� � C�� F5H H �' #K H J � M: � � �K: ����X ��% A ( H "�B� H �' : ���Y�� � : �"$��5� H �?: ���-Y��

R�H 'B�5X T ����� �����DR�H 'B�

P±NJacd�I$fµR��JKcI�d·F+fJIMhFwUVI�TJUVI�dVI�fWM6RÉKeacfJI6�JdVaefJxwR«T�F+aefWM�R�fJHGR«HJaeUVI�XyMOaeF�f)b�I�XyMOF+U

C/. R 1 > : . R 1 �� R =�C >+R = :

F+U±�JdVaefJxwRÉT:F�aefWM·R�fJHGR²b+I$KeF'X�acM�gb+I�XyMOF+U

C/. R 1 > : . R 1 �� R =�C > 8 R = :

P±NJI\L�F+KeKcF��·aefJx9R�KcMhI�UhfJRzMOI6¹µI$KeH fµR�vwI�d·R�UVI\TJUhF�b'aeHJI$H

CBM . R � R�H 'B�B1 � � ����� �����BX � C/. R 1 A #"$-��U E'B#K�� � H �"$�(D'B# J � F: �"$ . R � R�H 'B�B1 � � ����� �����BX �+: . R 1

{µF+U±Iy|BR�vwTJKcIR =�CYM > 8 R = : ��$

P±NJacd�X�R�f5�:I\R�TBTJUhIyb�aeRzMOI$HG�BdhaefBxÉMhNJIL�F+KeKcF��·aefJx²v�R�X$UhF 7

$��5� . R � R�H 'B�B1 .;� � "��#�$"1<� � ����� �B����X � C�. R 1 > � 8 : . R 1

P3��FwL��JfBX$MOacF+fJd�R�UVIQTBUhF�b'aeHJI$H MhFwX�R�KeX$�JK R,MOI MhNJIb+I�KcF�X$acM��b�I�XyMOF+U±L�F+U±HJa��"I$UhI$f>M�dVacMO�JRzMOacF+fJd�7

� ��� � e�B� �Y� 7 x�I�fJI$UORzMhI�d·b+I�KcF�X$acM��b�I�XyMOF+U±L�UhF�v¿M��lFwT�F+aefWMOd·RzfJH MhUOR�fBdhT�F+UVM±MhaevwI� ��� � e�B� ¢���¡ 7Åx�I�fJI$UORzMhI�d·b+I�KcF�X$acM��b�I�XyMOF+U±L�UhF�v¿M��lFwT�F+aefWMOd·RzfJHGdVT:I$I�H

P±NJI$dhI[R�UhI\HJIy¹µfJI�H�R�d±L�F+KeKcF��·d

@W]

: �"$ � �5 B� J � J .0C OQ� CBX � P1 � : � CBX � C O > 8 : � O �� 8 .0CBX 3 C O 1

: �"$ � �5 B� J ��F C"( .0C O � CBX � F 1<� ������X � & �+C O � CBX ��B��' � �E B��5R �K� F ��( H�F �.0C O � CBXB1 8 .0CBX 3 C O 1� UT & �

p MONJI$U·�JdhIyL��JK�KeI$v�v�R�d3acfJX�Kc�JHJI

: �"$ � �5 B� J � J � "�K, � RU� ��� � : �"$ � �5 B� J � J .0C OQ� CBX � P1 � O �- 8 .0CYX 3 C O 1: �"$ � �5 B� J � J � � ��� #E IYF � RU� ��� � : �"$ � �5 B� J � J .0C � C � P1 � � �E Y�: �"$ � �5 B� J ��F C"( � $E� J � RU� ��� � C O � � CBX & ���5R & � �

: ��$ � �� B� J ��F C"(�.0C OQ� CYX � C F 1 �+: �"$ � �5 B� J � J .0C OQ� CBX � ( H�F �.0C O � CBX�1�C F 1: �"$ � �5 B� J ��F C"( � '��K J � RU� ��� � C O � � CBX & ���5R & � �

: ��$ � �� B� J ��F C"(�.0C OQ� CYX � F 1 � F 8 '��� J #"$ H � �L.0CBX 3 C O 1

i�F+vwITJUVI�HJacX*RzMhI�d·F+f KeaefBI�d·R�UVI\R�KedVFwTBUhF�b'aeHJI$H 7

R��;R2OQ� R X���� ���?R�H 'B�

�' � $ H 'B� � .0C �;R 1<� * ����$ � ��� & � � � . � �) "�5#"$"1 � C � C/. R 1 >D� 8 : . R 1

�' ��F � IKJ ��'5 � .0C �;R 1<� * ���5$ ���� & � � � . � � � � '�'� "��#"$ � � � � O� 1 � C � C/. R 1 >D� 8 : . R 1

�� U���� I �'B#"$� . R2OQ� R XB1<� * ����$ � � . : . R2O 1�1 8 �Q. : . R XB151 � M

CB#E "#"$5$E�"$�� . R2OQ�;R XY1 � * ����$ � � . : . R2O 1�1 8 �Q. : . R XB151 � O ��� �Q. : . R O 1�1 8 � . : . R XY1�1 �?3�O

� ��� �2� &�! // ! 0 & � ��� � � ��! P±NJIlMhNJI�F�U�«��¥�����  ¢Ò���$�O� �B¥�¢ �� TBUhF�b'aeHJI$d dhF+vwIlI%�wX�aeI$fWM vwI$MONBF�HJd�L�F+U�HBI$MOI$UhvwaefJacfJx·�·NJI$MhNJI�U�M���FKeacfJI�daefWMhI�UhdVI�XyM«F+U9fBF�M«R�fBH�MONJI�T�F+acf>M[F�L·acf>MhI�UVdhI�XyMOacF+f�acLlMONJI%�HJF dVFJA P±NJI�MONJI$F+U� aed �J�JaeKDM²RzUhF+�JfBH RL��JfJXyMOacF+f)fµR�vwI�H)�� e�+¢V¢%7

��  �+¢Ò¢�� & � � � 3 &�� � �� � � &�P±NJI\L�F+KeKcF��·aefJx[dhaevwTJKcI6TJUhF�T:I$UVM�)NJF+KcH�L�F+U±�� e�+¢V¢%7

�� e�+¢Ò¢�� & � � � 3 � ��  �+¢Ò¢�� � � & �P±NJI�UVI9RzUhIMONJUVI�I\X*RzdhI�d·L�F+U3M���F�KcaefJI$d �³��R�fBH �±C�7

acf>MhI�UVdhI�XyMOacfJx 7 �� e�+¢V¢*� �³��� � �±C������3 �TµRzUOR�KcKeI�K 7 �� e�+¢V¢*� �³��� � �±C���� 3 �¿k ` ��  �+¢Ò¢���� � �Ê���*���3 �dhR�v�IKcaefJI�7 �� e�+¢V¢*� �³��� � �±C���� 3 �¿k ` ��  �+¢Ò¢���� � �Ê���*� 3 �

�·NJI$UhI� 3 �±C� � �³��WAÊjlF+UhUVI�dVT:F+fBHJaefJx�K#���MONJI\Kea#�JUORzU��TJUhF�b'aeHJI$d�MhNJIL�F+KeKcF��·aefJx²TBUhI�HBaeX*R,MOI�d 7

@+m

H '5��U F ��� � . R M � R2O 1<� * ����$ � �� B� F�F . R ML= :/� R2O = : 1 � � M

F # J � � $ H 'B��� . R M � R2O 1<� * ����$ � R�� � T5�5R � �?� R O =�C 3+R M =�C & �- B� F�F . R M = :/�;R2O = : 1 � M � UT �� B� F�F . T��5R � �/�;R ML= : 1 � M

� acb+I$f�M��lF�KeaefBI�dlMhNµRzM�aefWMOI$UhdVI�X$M·MhNJIL��JfJX$MhaeF+f �_¥�����  ¢Ò���y� ����UhIyMO�JUVfJd�MhNJI\aefWMOI$UhdVI�X$MhaeF+f)T�F+aefWM�7H '5��U F ��� � C5�. R M�� R�H 'Y��X T/�;R O � R�H 'B��X T � �- B� F5F . R ML= :/�;R2O = : 1 � � MB1<� � � F X T?�

RU� � T��5R � �?� R2O =�C 3+R ML=�C �F�F � �- B� F5F . T��5R � ���;R2O = : 1�5�� B� F�F . R ML= :/�;R2O = : 1 & R ML=�C > F5F 8 R ML= :

i�Iyb+I�UhR�K ��I%)KeI�vwv�R�d±R�UVIQTBUhF�b'aeHJI$H 7H '5��U F ��� H �' � $U� J � RU� ��� � �- Y� F�F . R ML= :/�;R O = : 1 � � M & ���5R & � �

RU� � T��"R � �?� R2O =�C 3 R ML=0C �F�F � �- Y� F�F . T5�5R � ��� R2O = : 1��5�- B� F5F . R M�= :/�;RQO = : 1 �� � �- Y� F�F . T5�5R � ��� R ML= : 1��5�- B� F5F . R M�= :/�;RQO = : 1

& R ML=�C > F�F 8 R ML= : � R2O =0C > � 8 R2O = :

C5 �BH '5��E F ��� � RU� ��� � �' � $ H 'B��� .0C �;R MB1 �� UT �' � $ H 'B� �<.0C �;R2O 1 �� UT � � F # J � � $ H 'B� � . R M �;R2O 1G& ���5R & � �

H '"��E F �B��� . R M �;R2O 1

H '5��U F ��� � C5 � 95' H�� 9B� � RU� ��� � H '"��E F �B��� . R M �;R2O 1G& ���5R & � �C�'P�- � �GH '"��E F �B� � C5/. R M �;R O 1 �� �T�' � $ H 'B��� .0C�'��� �;R MB1

& ���5R & ��� � �G�' � $ H 'B��� .0C�'��� �;R2O 1

F # J � � $ H 'B� � $E� J � RU� ��� � CBM � � C O�� UT. �-' � $ H 'Y� � .0CBM �;R MB1 � UT �-' � $ H 'Y� � .0CBM �;R2O 1 � UT�-' � $ H 'Y� � .0C O �;R MB1 � UT �-' � $ H 'Y� � .0C O �;R2O 1 1& � �5R & � �GF # J � � $ H 'B� � . R M �;R2O 1

'��- �BF # J � � $ H 'B� � RU� ��� � �' � $ H 'B��� .0C �;R MB1 �� UT � �G�' � $ H 'B��� .0C �;R O 1

& ���5R & ��� �� � F # J � � $ H 'B� � . R M �;R2O 1

H '5B�E F ���- � C5 � $E� J � RU� ��� � �� � F # J � � $ H 'B� � . R M �;R2O 1 �� UT�' � $ H 'B��� .0C�'��� �;R MB1 �� UT�' � $ H 'B��� .0C�'��� �;R2O 1

& ���5R & ���H '5��E F ��� � C"�. R M � R2O 1 � C�'���

@Ws

� ��� � " � ! & � -�-�/)�%,102(P±NJIlMhNJI�F�U�[��� ��¢V�$¢Ò� �3�-��  �+�,�, �� TJUhF�b'aeHBI�d�dhF�v�IÊMOF'F+Ked¬MOF6X�R�KeX$�JK R,MOI³MONJI3T�F+acf>M�F�L5X�KcF+dhI$dVM³RzTJTJUhF+R�XYN��j3o�k�@�:IyM��lI$I�fªM���F�T�F+acf>MhdMONµRzM[R�UVI�H!�fJR�v�acX*R�KcK#Gv�F�b'aefBx acf R dÒMOUORzaex+NWMQKeacfJI�AwP±NJaed\acd[Rzf acv �T�F+UVMOR�fWM X$F+v�TB�BMYRzMhaeF+f)L�F+U·X�F�KeKeacdhacF+f�HJI$MhI�XyMOaeF�f7A�{5F�U�I°|BR�v�TBKeI��µMhNJaed�X*R�f �:IQ�JdhI$H MOFwX*R�KcX��JKeRzMOI\MONBIMOacv�I\RzfJHGHBaedVMOR�fJX$I[F�L�M��lFgR�aeUVX*RzL�M[��UhI$TJUhI$dhI�fWMhI�H R�d·KeacfJI6b+I$X$MhF+UhdO�·�·NJI$fGMONBI R�UVI9RzM·MhNJI�acU�X$KeF+dVI�dÒMT�F+aefWM*A

i��JTJT�F+dVIQ��I[NJR�b�IM��lFwMOaevwI%�®TµR�UhR�v�IyMOUVaeX�KeaefBI*R�U3I )>�µRzMOacF+fJd

%& ��¦V� 3 %& " 1 ¦�%� %� ��¦V� 3 %� " 1Φ�%�EGacfJaev²�Bv�dVI�TµR�UhRzMOacF+f)F�X$X��JUVd R,M87

¦�� � � 3+� %� " ��%� � %� ��.%� � %� � ��·NJI$UhI %� "3 %& " � %� " A�P±NJIQKea#�JUOR�U�gTBUhF�b'aeHJI$dqR«L��JfJXyMOacF+f��O���q� ��� �+¢V�$¢Ò�97 H J � � �U$�� F � F �.0CBM � � M � 9 �0: 1<� "��#"$ �& � '��� J .09 3K: 1 � M+��� � A CB#E "#"$5$E�"$ � � � F CB���U(M

�5R �K�3 .�.;CBM 3�� MY1 8 .09 3E: 1�1� F�� .0'��� J .09 3E: 1�1

� �T & �

P±NJI\L�F+KeKcF��·aefJx[KeI�vwv�R²x+acb�I�d�R�f R�KcMhI�UVfµRzMOI6�lR8�MOFÉX*RzKeX��BK RzMhI6MONJIL��JfJXyMOacF+f7A

H J � � �U$�� F � F � $E� J � RU� ��� � '��� J .;9 3K: 1 � � M � UT# � .09 3K: 1 8 .09 3K: 1 �� UT*?� X 8 .0CBM 3�� MB1 8 .09 3K: 1& ���5R & � � H J � � �U$�� F � F �.;CBM � � M � 9 �0: 1 � 3�* � .NX 8 #B1

P±NJI6KcI�vwvgR\�O���q� ���,�[I�dÒMYR��BKeaedVNJI�d�MONµRzM�MONJacd�MhaevwIqacdlaefBHJI�I$H�MONJIqT:F+acfWMl�·NJI$UhI6MONBI HJacdVMYRzfJX�I6acd3RzM3RvwaefJacv²�Jv A

H J � � � CB#�� RU� ��� � � � CB# � H J � � �U$�� F � F �.0CBM � � M � 9 �0: 1& ���5R & � �HUF��-J H ' H J 9 J � .; � �CB# � . R����"SUT�� � F���� ( HUF �.;CBM > 8 9 � � M > 8 : 1�151

i�I$I

�5�UC � ��� I ��� J �K5 � #"$ I �K H �� J F�� �U� J � � �� � H : ���E#"$ I �� H �� J � M O M����E#"$ I �� H � J � M O M�� � �5 J

L�F+U·R²b+I$U�)fJacX�I\HJacdhX��BdhdhacF+f7A

@+~

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188

2. REPORT TYPE

Technical Memorandum 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Formal Modeling and Analysis of a Preliminary Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) Concept

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S)

Carreno, Victor A.; Gottliebsen, Hanne; Butler, Ricky; and Kalvala, Sara

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, VA 23681-2199

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationWashington, DC 20546-0001

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

L-18449

10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)

NASA

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESCarreno and Butler, Langley Research Center; Gottliebsen, National Institute of Aerospace; Kalvala, University of WarwickAn electronic version can be found at http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/ltrs/ or http://ntrs.nasa.gov

12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTUnclassified - UnlimitedSubject Category 61Availability: NASA CASI (301) 621-0390 Distribution: Standard

19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON

STI Help Desk (email: help@sti.nasa.gov)

14. ABSTRACT

New concepts for automating air traffic management functions at small non-towered airports raise serious safety issues associated with the software implementations and their underlying key algorithms. The criticality of such software systems necessitates that strong guarantees of the safety be developed for them. In this paper we present a formal method for modeling and verifying such systems using the PVS theorem proving system. The method is demonstrated on a preliminary concept of operation for the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) project at NASA Langley.

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Safety; Software; Formal methods; Verification; Air traffic management

18. NUMBER OF PAGES

44

19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code)

(301) 621-0390

a. REPORT

U

c. THIS PAGE

U

b. ABSTRACT

U

17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UU

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

23-786-10-10

11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)

NASA/TM-2004-212999

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.

1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)

03 - 200401-

Recommended