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"Effluent Management in Small"Effluent Management in Small
RecirculatingRecirculating AquacultureAquacultureSystems in Guam"Systems in Guam"
David CrisostomoDavid CrisostomoAquaculture SpecialistAquaculture Specialist
University of GuamUniversity of Guam
Cooperative Extension ServiceCooperative Extension Service
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Aquaculture SystemsAquaculture Systems
Traditional Systems inTraditional Systems in
GuamGuam
zz Earthen PondsEarthen Ponds
zz Approximately 80Approximately 80
acres builtacres built
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Traditional SystemsTraditional Systems
EFFLUENT TREATMENTEFFLUENT TREATMENT
zz Heavy aeration andHeavy aeration and
water circulationwater circulation
zz Water held in retentionWater held in retention
ponds for 48 hoursponds for 48 hours
before release tobefore release to
surface waters.surface waters.
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Introduction of RecirculationIntroduction of Recirculation
TechnologyTechnology
Workshop sponsored byWorkshop sponsored byUOG CESUOG CES -- 19951995
Attended by over 50Attended by over 50people.people.
ConceptConcept -- intensiveintensivesystem transferring cropssystem transferring cropsbetween tanks.between tanks.
Maximizing space.Maximizing space.Footprint 40x40Footprint 40x40
Production claimProduction claim --
10,000 pounds/year10,000 pounds/year
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Fish Farm SystemFish Farm System
componentscomponentszz Three culture tanksThree culture tanks --
9, 12, 15 foot diameter9, 12, 15 foot diameter
withwith pvcpvc liner.liner.
zz Heavy gaugeHeavy gauge
galvanized corrugatedgalvanized corrugatedmetal ringmetal ring
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Filtration system:Filtration system:zz Two stage systemTwo stage system
Solids removal using electroSolids removal using electro--statically charged beads.statically charged beads.
Biological filtration through Bio strata mediaBiological filtration through Bio strata media
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Efficiency in collectingEfficiency in collecting
solid waste is criticalsolid waste is criticalto maximize fishto maximize fish
productionproduction
zz Pumped wastePumped wasteremovalremoval
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Efficiency in collectingEfficiency in collecting
solid waste is criticalsolid waste is criticalto maximize fishto maximize fish
productionproduction
zz Pumped wastePumped wasteremovalremoval
zz Gravity removalGravity removal
systemsystem
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Passive removal ofPassive removal of
solids w/central drain.solids w/central drain.zz Relies on waterRelies on water
movement to movemovement to move
solids to center.solids to center.zz Solids fall throughSolids fall through
grate and settle in 4grate and settle in 4
elbowelbow
zz Collected solids areCollected solids are
easily drained toeasily drained to
selected destinationselected destination
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Small, lighter solidsSmall, lighter solids
float and eventuallyfloat and eventuallyenter biological filterenter biological filter
through the standpipethrough the standpipe
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Water flows due toWater flows due to
difference in waterdifference in waterlevels.levels.
Filter tank is filledFilter tank is filledhalfway with biohalfway with bio--
media.media.
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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem
Water returns toWater returns to
culture tank viaculture tank via
centrifugal pump (1/2centrifugal pump (1/2hp)hp)
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Effluent managementEffluent management
Effluent: Waste waterEffluent: Waste waterdischarge from fishdischarge from fishtank.tank.
Characteristically highCharacteristically high
in nitrogen (nitrate)in nitrogen (nitrate)with significantwith significantphosphorous andphosphorous andsulfur, depending onsulfur, depending onfeed used.feed used.
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Effluent managementEffluent management
Management schemes to harness theManagement schemes to harness the
power of effluentpower of effluent
zz ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
effluent is an aqueous solution. Water is valuableeffluent is an aqueous solution. Water is valuableresourceresource
Nutrients in effluent is valuable fertilizer.Nutrients in effluent is valuable fertilizer.
Aquaculture effluent is free from pesticides, heavyAquaculture effluent is free from pesticides, heavy
metals or toxic chemicals.metals or toxic chemicals.
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Effluent managementEffluent management
TREATMENTSTREATMENTS
zz
CompostCompost Increases nutrientIncreases nutrient
content of compost.content of compost.
Allows nitrification ofAllows nitrification of
organic material inorganic material ineffluent.effluent.
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Effluent managementEffluent management
Direct application to plantsDirect application to plants
Provides nutrient rich water to plants (Provides nutrient rich water to plants (fertigationfertigation))
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Effluent managementEffluent management Hydroponics: Culture ofHydroponics: Culture of
plants without soil.plants without soil.
AquaponicsAquaponics: Integration: Integrationof hydroponics withof hydroponics with
aquacultureaquaculture
SmallSmall--scalescale--no solidsno solidsremovalremoval
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Effluent managementEffluent management
MidMid--sized tankssized tankszz Solids removalSolids removal
becomes morebecomes more
important. Plantimportant. Plantselection is importantselection is important
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Effluent managementEffluent management
Large systemsLarge systems
Commercial systemsCommercial systems
zz developed at UVIdeveloped at UVI
zz Shown to growShown to growvegetable,fruit and herbvegetable,fruit and herb
crops.crops.
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Effluent managementEffluent management University of the Virgin Islands CommercialUniversity of the Virgin Islands Commercial
AquaponicAquaponic systemsystem
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Effluent managementEffluent management Smaller Systems demonstrated in GuamSmaller Systems demonstrated in Guam
Culture tank and filter tankCulture tank and filter tank
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Effluent managementEffluent management
HydroponicHydroponic troughs and water return systemtroughs and water return system
QuickTime and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Effluent managementEffluent management Attached system using Ebb & Flow styleAttached system using Ebb & Flow style
hydroponicshydroponics
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Effluent managementEffluent management Water pumped to tank via submersible waterWater pumped to tank via submersible water
pump on a repeat cycle timerpump on a repeat cycle timer
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Effluent managementEffluent management Timer allows plantTimer allows plant
tank to fill with water,tank to fill with water,
then shuts off andthen shuts off anddrains back to fishdrains back to fish
tank.tank.
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Future DirectionFuture Direction
Maximize use of aquaculture effluent to allowMaximize use of aquaculture effluent to allow
for at least 2 uses and possibly more.for at least 2 uses and possibly more. Reduce overall water consumption.Reduce overall water consumption.
Encouraging Water Conservation and use ofEncouraging Water Conservation and use of
grey water from other sources.grey water from other sources.
Encourage regional approach to solvingEncourage regional approach to solving
regional issues.regional issues.
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