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"Effluent Management in Small"Effluent Management in Small

RecirculatingRecirculating AquacultureAquacultureSystems in Guam"Systems in Guam"

David CrisostomoDavid CrisostomoAquaculture SpecialistAquaculture Specialist

University of GuamUniversity of Guam

Cooperative Extension ServiceCooperative Extension Service


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Aquaculture SystemsAquaculture Systems

Traditional Systems inTraditional Systems in

GuamGuam

zz Earthen PondsEarthen Ponds

zz Approximately 80Approximately 80

acres builtacres built


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Traditional SystemsTraditional Systems

EFFLUENT TREATMENTEFFLUENT TREATMENT

zz Heavy aeration andHeavy aeration and

water circulationwater circulation

zz Water held in retentionWater held in retention

ponds for 48 hoursponds for 48 hours

before release tobefore release to

surface waters.surface waters.


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Introduction of RecirculationIntroduction of Recirculation

TechnologyTechnology

Workshop sponsored byWorkshop sponsored byUOG CESUOG CES -- 19951995

Attended by over 50Attended by over 50people.people.

ConceptConcept -- intensiveintensivesystem transferring cropssystem transferring cropsbetween tanks.between tanks.

Maximizing space.Maximizing space.Footprint 40x40Footprint 40x40

Production claimProduction claim --

10,000 pounds/year10,000 pounds/year


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RecirculatingRecirculating SystemSystem

Fish Farm SystemFish Farm System

componentscomponentszz Three culture tanksThree culture tanks --

9, 12, 15 foot diameter9, 12, 15 foot diameter

withwith pvcpvc liner.liner.

zz Heavy gaugeHeavy gauge

galvanized corrugatedgalvanized corrugatedmetal ringmetal ring


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Filtration system:Filtration system:zz Two stage systemTwo stage system

Solids removal using electroSolids removal using electro--statically charged beads.statically charged beads.

Biological filtration through Bio strata mediaBiological filtration through Bio strata media


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Efficiency in collectingEfficiency in collecting

solid waste is criticalsolid waste is criticalto maximize fishto maximize fish

productionproduction

zz Pumped wastePumped wasteremovalremoval


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Efficiency in collectingEfficiency in collecting

solid waste is criticalsolid waste is criticalto maximize fishto maximize fish

productionproduction

zz Pumped wastePumped wasteremovalremoval

zz Gravity removalGravity removal

systemsystem


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Passive removal ofPassive removal of

solids w/central drain.solids w/central drain.zz Relies on waterRelies on water

movement to movemovement to move

solids to center.solids to center.zz Solids fall throughSolids fall through

grate and settle in 4grate and settle in 4

elbowelbow

zz Collected solids areCollected solids are

easily drained toeasily drained to

selected destinationselected destination


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Small, lighter solidsSmall, lighter solids

float and eventuallyfloat and eventuallyenter biological filterenter biological filter

through the standpipethrough the standpipe


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Water flows due toWater flows due to

difference in waterdifference in waterlevels.levels.

Filter tank is filledFilter tank is filledhalfway with biohalfway with bio--

media.media.


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Water returns toWater returns to

culture tank viaculture tank via

centrifugal pump (1/2centrifugal pump (1/2hp)hp)


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Effluent managementEffluent management

Effluent: Waste waterEffluent: Waste waterdischarge from fishdischarge from fishtank.tank.

Characteristically highCharacteristically high

in nitrogen (nitrate)in nitrogen (nitrate)with significantwith significantphosphorous andphosphorous andsulfur, depending onsulfur, depending onfeed used.feed used.


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Management schemes to harness theManagement schemes to harness the

power of effluentpower of effluent

zz ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

effluent is an aqueous solution. Water is valuableeffluent is an aqueous solution. Water is valuableresourceresource

Nutrients in effluent is valuable fertilizer.Nutrients in effluent is valuable fertilizer.

Aquaculture effluent is free from pesticides, heavyAquaculture effluent is free from pesticides, heavy

metals or toxic chemicals.metals or toxic chemicals.


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TREATMENTSTREATMENTS

zz

CompostCompost Increases nutrientIncreases nutrient

content of compost.content of compost.

Allows nitrification ofAllows nitrification of

organic material inorganic material ineffluent.effluent.


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Direct application to plantsDirect application to plants

Provides nutrient rich water to plants (Provides nutrient rich water to plants (fertigationfertigation))


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Effluent managementEffluent management Hydroponics: Culture ofHydroponics: Culture of

plants without soil.plants without soil.

AquaponicsAquaponics: Integration: Integrationof hydroponics withof hydroponics with

aquacultureaquaculture

SmallSmall--scalescale--no solidsno solidsremovalremoval


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MidMid--sized tankssized tankszz Solids removalSolids removal

becomes morebecomes more

important. Plantimportant. Plantselection is importantselection is important


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Large systemsLarge systems

Commercial systemsCommercial systems

zz developed at UVIdeveloped at UVI

zz Shown to growShown to growvegetable,fruit and herbvegetable,fruit and herb

crops.crops.


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Effluent managementEffluent management University of the Virgin Islands CommercialUniversity of the Virgin Islands Commercial

AquaponicAquaponic systemsystem


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Effluent managementEffluent management Smaller Systems demonstrated in GuamSmaller Systems demonstrated in Guam

Culture tank and filter tankCulture tank and filter tank


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HydroponicHydroponic troughs and water return systemtroughs and water return system

QuickTime and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.


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Effluent managementEffluent management Attached system using Ebb & Flow styleAttached system using Ebb & Flow style

hydroponicshydroponics


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Effluent managementEffluent management Water pumped to tank via submersible waterWater pumped to tank via submersible water

pump on a repeat cycle timerpump on a repeat cycle timer


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Effluent managementEffluent management Timer allows plantTimer allows plant

tank to fill with water,tank to fill with water,

then shuts off andthen shuts off anddrains back to fishdrains back to fish

tank.tank.


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Future DirectionFuture Direction

Maximize use of aquaculture effluent to allowMaximize use of aquaculture effluent to allow

for at least 2 uses and possibly more.for at least 2 uses and possibly more. Reduce overall water consumption.Reduce overall water consumption.

Encouraging Water Conservation and use ofEncouraging Water Conservation and use of

grey water from other sources.grey water from other sources.

Encourage regional approach to solvingEncourage regional approach to solving

regional issues.regional issues.

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