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Chinese Civil War & Chinese Civil War & Korean WarKorean War
Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War
Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek Unified the Unified the
Nationalists in Nationalists in southern Chinasouthern China
Received about Received about $3 billion in aid $3 billion in aid from the U.S.from the U.S.
Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War Mao ZedongMao Zedong Leader of Leader of
Communists in Communists in northern Chinanorthern China
Wanted to make all Wanted to make all of China of China communist.communist.
Financial aid from Financial aid from Soviet Union.Soviet Union.
Civil WarCivil War Civil war broke out as early as 1946Civil war broke out as early as 1946
By 1949 Nationalists were losingBy 1949 Nationalists were losing
Nationalists forced off of mainland China Nationalists forced off of mainland China and onto Taiwan = REPUBLIC OF CHINAand onto Taiwan = REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Mao Zedong controlled Mao Zedong controlled ““PeoplePeople’’s s Republic of CHINA,Republic of CHINA,”” with communism. with communism.
WHY DID THE U.S. CARE?WHY DID THE U.S. CARE?
CHINA = COMMUNISTCHINA = COMMUNIST USSR = COMMUNISTUSSR = COMMUNIST USA = CAPITALISTUSA = CAPITALIST
CONTAINMENT HAD FAILED!!!!!CONTAINMENT HAD FAILED!!!!! IF CHINA COULD BECOME IF CHINA COULD BECOME
COMMUNIST SO COULD ANY COMMUNIST SO COULD ANY OTHER ASIAN COUNTRY.OTHER ASIAN COUNTRY.
WHAT THIS MEANS FOR THE WHAT THIS MEANS FOR THE U.S.U.S.
$$ ISN$$ ISN’’T THE SOLUTIONT THE SOLUTIONU.S. MUST DO MORE TO U.S. MUST DO MORE TO STOP COMMUNIST STOP COMMUNIST THREAT!THREAT!
NO MORE COMMUNIST NO MORE COMMUNIST COUNTRIES!!COUNTRIES!!
KOREAN WAR / Forgotten KOREAN WAR / Forgotten WarWar During WWII Japan During WWII Japan
had invaded Koreahad invaded Korea As the war closes in As the war closes in
on Japan & Asia the on Japan & Asia the Allies invade.Allies invade.
Soviets invade Soviets invade from Northfrom North
America invades America invades from South to the from South to the 38 parallel.38 parallel.
Forgotten WAR CONT…Forgotten WAR CONT… North of 38 parallel North of 38 parallel
became Communist = became Communist = NORTH KOREA NORTH KOREA (Pyongyang)(Pyongyang)
South of 38 parallel South of 38 parallel became Democratic = became Democratic = SOUTH KOREA (Seoul)SOUTH KOREA (Seoul)
Each government Each government claims to be the Real claims to be the Real versionversion
INVASION OF SOUTH INVASION OF SOUTH KOREAKOREA
July 25, 1950 – North Korea surprise July 25, 1950 – North Korea surprise attack against South Korea.attack against South Korea.
America caught off guardAmerica caught off guard Truman calls for naval and air Truman calls for naval and air
forces.forces. UN members send 520,000 troopsUN members send 520,000 troops 590,000 Korean troops590,000 Korean troops All troops were placed under All troops were placed under
MacArthurMacArthur’’s command.s command.
June 1950June 1950
AMERICAN FEARSAMERICAN FEARS
TRUMAN WAS AFRAID TRUMAN WAS AFRAID KOREAN WAR WOULD = KOREAN WAR WOULD =
INTERNATIONAL WARINTERNATIONAL WAR
SEPTEMBER 1950SEPTEMBER 1950
U.S U.S troops troops pushed pushed to to PUSANPUSAN
Next six weeks is desperateNext six weeks is desperate Bloody struggle as North Bloody struggle as North
Koreans threw everything Koreans threw everything at American and ROK at American and ROK (South Korean) forces in an (South Korean) forces in an effort to regain control. effort to regain control.
Attempt to gain complete Attempt to gain complete control over Korea. control over Korea.
October 1950October 1950
MacArthurMacArthur’’s s Miracle Miracle CounterattaCounterattackck
MacArthurMacArthur’’s Miracle s Miracle CounterattackCounterattack
MacArthur MacArthur changes the changes the course of warcourse of war
Communist China Communist China tries to warn North tries to warn North Korea, but NK Korea, but NK ignores warning.ignores warning.
Throws off North Throws off North KoreansKoreans
Double invasionDouble invasion
October 1950October 1950U.S. U.S.
forces forces invade invade North North KoreaKorea
Chinese ThreatChinese Threat Truman clamed by Truman clamed by
MacArthur…MacArthur…
"We are no longer "We are no longer fearful of their fearful of their intervention,...if the intervention,...if the Chinese tried to get Chinese tried to get down to Pyongyang down to Pyongyang there would be the there would be the greatest slaughter." greatest slaughter."
GUESS GUESS WHAT????WHAT????
NOVEMBER 1950NOVEMBER 1950
300,000 300,000 CHINESE CHINESE FORCES FORCES INVADE INVADE NKNK
THE CHINESE ARE THE CHINESE ARE COMING!!!COMING!!!
Chinese push U.S. Troops Chinese push U.S. Troops backback
Past 38 ParallelPast 38 Parallel Seoul changes hands Seoul changes hands
again= 3again= 3rdrd time time
JAN-MAR 1951JAN-MAR 1951
““MEATGRINDERMEATGRINDER”” Slowly U.S. troops push NK & Slowly U.S. troops push NK &
Chinese back to 38 parallelChinese back to 38 parallel Seoul changes hands (for 4Seoul changes hands (for 4thth and and
last time)last time) Inflicted heavy casualties on the Inflicted heavy casualties on the
Chinese and North Koreans Chinese and North Koreans MacArthur fired by Truman for MacArthur fired by Truman for
insubordination insubordination
END OF WAR?END OF WAR?
Stalemate lasted Stalemate lasted for 2 more yearsfor 2 more years
54,000 54,000 Americans killedAmericans killed
More than 2 More than 2 million Intmillion Int’’ll
Armistice signed Armistice signed July 27, 1953July 27, 1953
WE ALSO LEARNED WE ALSO LEARNED
#1 Local conflict stays local = NO #1 Local conflict stays local = NO WORLD WARWORLD WAR
#2 Leaves inconclusive decisions.#2 Leaves inconclusive decisions. Ex: Did we stop communism?Ex: Did we stop communism? EX: Did we help anyone?EX: Did we help anyone? EX: Was it worth it?EX: Was it worth it? Only time can tell.Only time can tell.
RESULTS OF THE WARRESULTS OF THE WAR
Still a NK & SKStill a NK & SK NK is nuclear threatNK is nuclear threat SK surviving SK surviving
economicallyeconomically NK struggling with NK struggling with
food food storages/energystorages/energy
U.S. still has about U.S. still has about 40,000 troops there.40,000 troops there.
2000 SUMMER OLYMPICS2000 SUMMER OLYMPICS N & S KOREA unveiled a unified flag and N & S KOREA unveiled a unified flag and
marched into Olympic stadium TOGETHER.marched into Olympic stadium TOGETHER. Currently experimenting with a SINGLE Currently experimenting with a SINGLE
Korea, but still talks very difficult.Korea, but still talks very difficult.
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