Communism spreads in East

Asia

Ch 15 Sec 3

Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi) vs.

Mao Zedong

1949 – Rise of Communist China

• In June, Jiang Jieshi defeated by Mao• Oct 1, Mao proclaims People’s Republic of

China (PRC)

How the Communists Won

• Mao Zedong Triumphed for many reasons:

1) He won the support of the huge peasant population.

2) The Nationalist Party lost support.

3) Widespread support of Communists helped them to gain rail lines and surround Nationalist-held cities.

Mao held office from 1945 to 1976

Mao Changes Chinese Society

• Mao built a communist one-party totalitarian state in the People’s Republic of China.

• The gov’t seized properties-both rural & urban.

• Opponents were killed, beaten or sent to labor camps.

Mao Makes Changes Con’td

• W/Soviet help China built new dams and factories.

• Mao called for collectivization (the forced pooling of peasant land & labor) in attempt to increase productivity.

Great Leap Forward (GLF)

• 1958-1960 Mao led a failed program called the Great Leap Forward.

• The goal was to increase farm & industrial output.

Great Leap Forward• The Great Leap

Forward was a horrible failure-it produced low quality goods, there was no incentive & weather became a problem.

• 55 Million thought to have starved to death

Cultural Revolution

• 1966 Mao launched the Cultural Revolution.

• The goal was to purge China of “bourgeoisie” tendencies.

• The accused were publicly humiliated or beaten & sometimes killed.

• With a decline of skilled people China’s economy slows yet again…

A painting depicting Mao Zedong with the Red Guards.

The “Little Red Book”

• A collection of Mao’s quotations

Catching Up• Relations sour between China & USSR

• United States Attempts to improve relations with China in order to isolate the USSR. We “play the China card”

The Korean War

Containment

• Containment: a policy to stop the spread of communism or to contain communism.

38th Parallel

• When WWII ended Korea became divided at the 38th Parallel.

• The Soviets supplied North Korea w/tanks, airplanes & money.

38th Parallel38th Parallel

North Korea Attacks South Korea

• June 25th, 1950 North Korea swept across the 38th Parallel into South Korea.

• W/in days North Korea had moved deep into South Korea.

• Link 25:00

The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

North Korea Attacks Cont’d

• The U.S. Policy of Containment was being tested

• South Korea asked the UN for help.• 15 Nations led by MacArthur went to

South Korea to help stop the invasion.

Profile: General Douglas MacArthur – Born 1880, father was successful army officer

– Trained @ West Point, top military school– Fought in WWI, 13 medals for bravery– Became younger Colonel in US Army in (F)– 1930: Became Chief of Staff of Army– In WWII commanded allied forces in southern

Pacific. Devised successful island-hopping campaign– 1945: Personally accepted (J) surrender– 1945-51 ruled (J) as commander of occupation– Bullying, no-nonsense style got things done– Sometimes annoyed political leaders by not following

orders– 1950: @ age 70 given command of UN forces in

Korea– 1951: Relieved of command for criticizing Truman’s

desire to limit war in Korea– Failed to get Republican nomination for ’52 election– 1964: Died

North Korea Advances but…• By September 1950 North Korea

controlled the entire Korean peninsula except for a tiny area around Pusan in the far southeast, the “Pusan perimeter.”

• That same month MacArthur launched a surprise invasion..

• Troops came north from Pusan and from an amphibious landing from Inchon.

North Korea Retreats• The amphibious landing led by

MacArthur was a huge success.

• UN troops push all the way to the Yalu River

Soldiers enteringSouth Korea at Inchon ->

Korean War

[1950-1953]

China feels threatened!• China sends 300,000

troops into Korea

China Pushes Back• The Chinese greatly outnumber the UN

forces.• By Jan. 1951 they pushed the UN out of

Northern Korea & then captured the capital, Seoul.

Peace (?)• Stalemate

• July 1953– Armistice signed

– Technically, the US/UN are still fighting NK

– US 2nd Infantry Division still stationed on De-Militarized Zone (DMZ) on the border of the two Koreas

Casualties in the Korean War

30,000 70,0004500

780,000 500,000

US Forces S K Forces Other UN Forces

S K Civilians N K & Chinese Soldiers

QW How does this image illustrate the negatives of communism

2 Min