Chem150 - Survey of Biochemistry

Chem150 - Survey of Biochemistry

Introduction

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 2

Introduction

• The chemistry we will focus on this semester• Organic Chemistry

• The chemistry of carbon

• Functional groups

• Biochemistry• The chemistry of living systems

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 3

Organic Chemistry

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 4

Organic Chemistry

• Hydrocarbons represent the starting point• Contain only carbon and hydrogen• Groups include Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

C C C C

H H H H

H

HHHH

H

Butane

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 5

Organic Chemistry

• Organic molecule are organized into functional groups• Many contain elements other than carbon and

hydrogen• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

• Sulfur

• Halogens (F, Cl, Br, & I)

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 6

Organic Chemistry

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 7

Organic Chemistry

• Functional Groups• Hydroxyl groups (alcohols)

C C C C

H H H H

O

HHHH

H H

HydroxylGroup

1-Butanol

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 8

Organic Chemistry

• Functional Groups• Amino groups (amines)

C C C C

H H H H

N

HHHH

H H

H

1-Butylamine

AminoGroup

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 9

Organic Chemistry

• Functional Groups• Carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones)

C C C C

O

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

Butanal

AldehydeGroup

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 10

Organic Chemistry

• Functional Groups• Carboxyl groups (carboxylic acids)

C C C C

O

O H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

Butanoic acid

CarboxylGroup

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 11

Organic Chemistry

• Functional Groups• Functional group affect the physical and

chemical properties of organic molecules.

Butane (alkane) Butanol (alcohol) Butylamine (amine)

Butanoic acid (carboxylic acid)Butanal (aldehyde) water

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 12

Organic Chemistry• Functional Groups

• chemical structure affects drug or hormone-receptor interactions

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 13

Organic Chemistry• Functional Groups

• Is this even possible? Or this?

http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/04/040429canspam.shtm

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction

THC and “designer” drugs: is there a case against “Spice” or K2?

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction

THC and “designer” drugs

9 tetrahydrocannabinol

JWH-018 ?

Anandamide

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 16

ORGANIC MOLECULE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 17

Nalgene polycarbonates

What chemical questions would you want to have answered to decide ?

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 18

PHARMACOPHORE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A

http://e.hormone.tulane.edu/learning/estrogens.html

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 19

Biochemistry

• Biological molecules• Amino acids and Proteins• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides

• Nucleotides and Nucleic acids

• Lipids (Fats, oils)

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 20

Biochemistry

• Biological molecules• Amino acids and Proteins

CN

H

C

O

O H

C

H

HH

H

H

AminoGroup

Carboxylic AcidGroup

Alanine

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 21

Biochemistry

• Biological molecules• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides

HOO

H

H

HO

H

OH

OHHH

OH

Glucose

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 22

Biochemistry

• Biological molecules• Lipids (Fats, oils)

H3C

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

C

O

O CH2

CH

CH2

H3C

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

C

O

O

H3C

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

C

O

O

Triglyceride

Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 23

Biochemistry

• Biological Macromolecules• Proteins, Polysaccharides and Nucleic Acids

• Metabolism• Taking things apart

• Putting things together

• Obtaining and using energy

• Regulation of processes.