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Chem150 - Survey of Biochemistry. Introduction. Introduction. The chemistry we will focus on this semester Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon Functional groups Biochemistry The chemistry of living systems. Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chem150 - Survey of Biochemistry
Introduction
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 2
Introduction
• The chemistry we will focus on this semester• Organic Chemistry
• The chemistry of carbon
• Functional groups
• Biochemistry• The chemistry of living systems
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 3
Organic Chemistry
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 4
Organic Chemistry
• Hydrocarbons represent the starting point• Contain only carbon and hydrogen• Groups include Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
C C C C
H H H H
H
HHHH
H
Butane
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 5
Organic Chemistry
• Organic molecule are organized into functional groups• Many contain elements other than carbon and
hydrogen• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Sulfur
• Halogens (F, Cl, Br, & I)
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 6
Organic Chemistry
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 7
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Hydroxyl groups (alcohols)
C C C C
H H H H
O
HHHH
H H
HydroxylGroup
1-Butanol
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 8
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Amino groups (amines)
C C C C
H H H H
N
HHHH
H H
H
1-Butylamine
AminoGroup
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 9
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones)
C C C C
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Butanal
AldehydeGroup
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 10
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Carboxyl groups (carboxylic acids)
C C C C
O
O H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Butanoic acid
CarboxylGroup
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 11
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups• Functional group affect the physical and
chemical properties of organic molecules.
Butane (alkane) Butanol (alcohol) Butylamine (amine)
Butanoic acid (carboxylic acid)Butanal (aldehyde) water
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 12
Organic Chemistry• Functional Groups
• chemical structure affects drug or hormone-receptor interactions
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 13
Organic Chemistry• Functional Groups
• Is this even possible? Or this?
http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/04/040429canspam.shtm
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
THC and “designer” drugs: is there a case against “Spice” or K2?
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
THC and “designer” drugs
9 tetrahydrocannabinol
JWH-018 ?
Anandamide
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 16
ORGANIC MOLECULE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 17
Nalgene polycarbonates
What chemical questions would you want to have answered to decide ?
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 18
PHARMACOPHORE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A
http://e.hormone.tulane.edu/learning/estrogens.html
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 19
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Amino acids and Proteins• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides
• Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
• Lipids (Fats, oils)
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 20
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Amino acids and Proteins
CN
H
C
O
O H
C
H
HH
H
H
AminoGroup
Carboxylic AcidGroup
Alanine
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 21
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides
HOO
H
H
HO
H
OH
OHHH
OH
Glucose
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 22
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules• Lipids (Fats, oils)
H3C
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
C
O
O CH2
CH
CH2
H3C
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
C
O
O
H3C
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
CH2
H2C
C
O
O
Triglyceride
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction 23
Biochemistry
• Biological Macromolecules• Proteins, Polysaccharides and Nucleic Acids
• Metabolism• Taking things apart
• Putting things together
• Obtaining and using energy
• Regulation of processes.