View
231
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 1)
Chapter 3: Perceptions of Self and Others in Interpersonal
Communication
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 2)
The Self in Interpersonal Communication
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
1) How we perceive ourselves2) How we present ourselves (or try to present
ourselves)3) How we actually are
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 3)
The Self in Interpersonal Communication
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Self concept – how you perceive yourself comes from four sources
1. Others’ images of you (looking glass self)2. Social comparisons
UpwardDownward
3. Cultural teachings4. Self evaluation
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 4)
The Self in Interpersonal Communication (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Self awareness – how well you know yourself
The Johari Model emphasizes four aspects of self awareness
1. Open – known to self and others2. Blind – known to others but not self3. Hidden – known to self but not others4. Unknown – no one knows
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 5)
The Self in Interpersonal Communication (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
The Johari Model
Known to self Unknown to self
Unk
now
n to
oth
ers
Know
n to
ot
hers
Open Self Blind Self
Hidden Self Unknown Self
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 6)
The Self in Interpersonal Communication (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Growing in self awareness Ask yourself about yourself Listen to others Actively seek information about yourself See your different selves Increase your open self
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 7)
The Self in Interpersonal Communication (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Self Esteem – how valuable you think you are.
Ways to increase self esteem1. Attack self destructive beliefs2. Seek out nourishing people3. Work on projects that will result in success4. Secure affirmation
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 8)
Perception in Interpersonal Communication
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Perception is the process by which we become aware of objects, events, and people around us
Interpersonal perception is a continuous series of processes that blend into each other
We separate processes into five stages for study and analysis
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 9)
Perception in Interpersonal Communication (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Five stages of perception
Stage One: Stimulation Selective perception
Selective attention (Only attend to what we like)
Selective exposure (Expose ourselves only to what confirms our existing beliefs)
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 10)
Perception in Interpersonal Communication (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Stage Two: Organization (of received info)
1. Rules Proximity (physically close things perceived as a unit)
Similarity (similar things = a unit)
Contrast (different things = don’t belong with each other.
2. Schemata (schema) (mental templates /stereotypes/ developed via experience)
3. Scripts (general idea of how some event should unfold; i.e. eating in a restaurant)
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 11)
Perception in Interpersonal Communication (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Stage Three: Interpretation and Evaluation Combined because they are simultaneous
Stage Four: Memory (storing interp. to memory– What would you remember about Ben, the football player?)
Stage Five: Recall (likely to recall info consistent with your schema OR contradicts your schema)
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 12)
Impression Formation
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Impression formation processes1.Self-fulfilling prophecy2.Implicit personality theory
“Halo effect” (if you believe a person has some positive qualities, you’re likely to infer he also has other positive qualities) Ex. “Susan is cheerful, positive, and (outgoing, shy).
“Reverse halo effect” or “horns effect” (opposite of halo)
3.Perceptual accentuation (magnify what will satisfy your needs: a thirsty person will see a mirage of water)
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 13)
Impression Formation (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
4. Primacy-recency effect4. Primacy: What comes first exerts most influence (i.e. first impressions)5. Recency :What comes last exerts most influence.
“Ben is smart, attractive, a good conversationalist, insecure, and selfish.
“Ben is selfish, insecure, smart, attractive, and a good conversationalist.”
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 14)
Impression Formation (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
4. Consistency (expect certain things to go together)
4. “I expect my friend to (like, dislike) my friend.”
6. Attribution of control6. “I couldn’t tear myself away from the beach. I wanted to get
a tan.” (Selfish, therefore negative response)7. “I was driving here when I saw an old man get mugged. I
broke it up and drove the couple home, but they didn’t have a phone, so I couldn’t call.” (Good Samaritan, therefore positive response)
8. “I got in a car accident and was taken to the hospital.” (Feel sorry that he got into an accident)
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 15)
Impression Management: Goals and Strategies
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Impression management – how to communicate to others the image of yourself you want them to see
Self-presentation Identity-management
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 16)
Impression Management (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Impression management strategies
1.To be liked Immediacy strategies– connects you to the
other person Affinity seeking strategies – techniques to get
others to like you Politeness strategies– make ourselves appear
likeable (“Would you mind opening a window.” vs. “Open that window!”
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 17)
Impression Management (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Politeness and Face
Positive face – desire to be seen favorably or positively by others
Keep positive face – help someone look favorably Attack positive face – make someone look bad
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 18)
Impression Management (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
Politeness and Face
Negative face – desire to be autonomous or free to act as we wish
Keep negative face – ask someone nicely to do something
Attack negative face – order or command someone to do something
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 19)
Impression Management (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
2. To be believed Credibility strategies (ex. emphasizing your education)
3. To excuse failure Self-handicapping strategies
4. To secure help Self-deprecating strategies
CH 3: Perception of Self and Others in Interpersonal Communication (slide 20)
Impression Management (cont.)
Copy
right
© 2
013,
200
9, 2
006
Pear
son
Educ
ation
, Inc
. All
Righ
ts R
eser
ved
5. To hide faults Self-monitoring strategies (closely censor what you share with
others)
6. To be followed Influencing strategies (stress your knowledge, expertise, or
position)
7. To confirm self image Image-confirming strategies (behaviors that confirm your self-
image i.e. as a funny person)
Recommended