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ATPL Notes
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Earth Position & Distance
Of ATPL
2Table 1 Chart Classifications
3Table 2 Radio Spectrum Classification
3Table 3 Radio Emission Classification
3Table 4 HF Frequency Classification
4Table 5 Loading Type Classification
4Table 6 AI Turning Errors
5Table 7 Jetstreams and Global Latitude Reference
6Table 8 Macro Atmosphere Structure
6Table 9 Troposphere Structure
6Table 10 Pressure Datum Relationships (QNH/QFF)
7Table 11 Fire and Extinguisher Classifications
7Table 12 Pre-Ingnition and Detonation Characteristics
7Table 13 Equipment Requirements
8Table 14 Supplemental Oxygen Requirements
8Table 15 Safety Equipment Requirements
8Table 16 Reporting Requirements
9Table 17 Separation Question Matrix
10Table 18 Separation
10Table 19 Light Signals
11Table 20 ICAO Annexes
11Table 21 Licensing Requirements
11Table 22 - Visual Flight Rules
12Table 23AIP Contents and Subdivision
12Table 24 ATS and SAR Classification
12Table 25 Holding Speeds
12Table 26 Intenational Conventions
Table 1 Chart Classifications
MercatorConic/LambertPolar Stereo
ScaleScale at X = 1/Scale*CosX (Div by Cos X if going toward equator).
Or Scale at A*CosB=Scale at B*CosAExpands outside standard ||s Contracts between, correct at std ||. || of origin slightly North of midpoint. Max Lat spread 24 2/3 inside, 1/6 ea outside.Expands away from pole. Radius of || of lat is 2R tan(co-lat/2). For scale map R =250M/Scale. Co-lat is 90-lat (ie. degrees to pole)
RLStraight (see below for variants)Concave to poleConcave to pole
ConvergencyCorrect at tangency (Std Equator, TVM - central meridian & equator, OM - GC tangency and poles).Chart Convergency longitude(mins) * Sin || of origin. Same formula for grid convergence.longitude (ie. Sin lat= 1
Radio BearingsAdd conversion ( to all on Std, Otherwise only to ADF/AWR.Convergency @ station to ADF AWR.Convergency @ station to ADF AWR.
GCPoleward of RL
Concave to point of accurate convergence (Equator)Poleward of RL
Concave to point of accurate convergence (|| of origin)Poleward of RL
Concave to point of accurate convergence (meridian)
OtherUsable to 70N&S and 350nm either side of GC of tangency.Usable 80N&S.Usable 65N up.Light shone from opposite pole
VariantsTransverse Central meridian of longitude is tangency. GCs are straightish/ concave to central meridian. RLs concave to pole. ||s of lat are elipses xcpt equator.
Oblique Specific RouteSimple Cone touches earth once, std = origin
Table 2 Radio Spectrum Classification
VLFLFMFHFVHFUHFSHFEHF
VeryLowMedHighVeryUltraSuperExtra
Freq3-30K30-300K300K-3M3M-30M30M-300M300M-3G3G-30G30G-300G
Wavelength100km-10km10Km-1Km1Km-100m100m-10m10m-1m1m-10cm10cm-1cm1cm-1mm
MyriaKiloHectoDecaMetricDeciCentiMilli
Space Waves
Sky Waves
Surface Waves4000nm1000nm300nm100nm
Ionos Duct
Atmos. Attn
Surface Attn
Ionos Attn
Static
UsesLoran
NDB 190kNDB 1750kComms 2850K- 22MComms 118M-137MGldslp
GPS 1.5G(L1)C/A 1.2G(L2)
SSR
DMERadalt 4.3G
MLS
ATC/Wx Radar
9-10G
Table 3 Radio Emission ClassificationX3E (Comms)AXWX0NAXA
J HF SSB Sup Carr8 ILSP DME1 NDB Ident
A VHF DSB9 VORN NDB Carrier2 Alt NDB Ident
Table 4 HF Frequency Classification
Lowest Usable HFMaximum Usable FrequencyOptimum Frequency
Static & Ionospheric attenuationBest combination use highest frequency that worksEnd of skip distance a bit temperamental
Table 5 Loading Type Classification
Zero Fuel MassAirplane incl unusable fuel & oilBasic Empty MassDry Operating Mass (Wet if includes Fuel)All Up Mass
Crew & crew bags, catering, special equipmentVariable Load
Passengers & FreightTraffic LoadUseful (Disposable) Load
FuelFuel
Table 6 AI Turning Errors
Table 7 Jetstreams and Global Latitude Reference
JanJulCharacterEMEAAmericasFar East/Pacific
90
65Highs, Light EasterliesGreenland, Canada Northern Territories
80-120
80-120
65
40Disturbed Temperate (Travelling Westerlies)Europe (Madrid, Rome, Istanbul) to Arctic Circle, Russia,, Nthn California to NY, Northern US States, Alaska, CanadaMongolia Kazakhstan & Russia (Sakhalin, Kamchatka), Japan (Hokkaido)
12040
35Temperate Transitional (Mediterranean)Southern med (Lisbon, Athens, Izmir, Tehran, Kabul) Mid California, Colorado, VirginiaChina (Beijing to Xian), Japan (Honshu, Tokyo) Korea
2/300
35
20Arid Subtropical
Highs, DesertNth Africa (Morocco, Algeria , Libya, Egypt, Saudi, Middle EastSthn California, Texas, Georgia, Mexico City & Nth MexicoSthn China (Xian to HK) N India (Kashmir to Mumbai)
*10N20N*
25/5020
10Tropical Transitional
Savannah & TradesOman, Sudan, Mauretania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Chad, , YemenCuba, Sthn Mexico, Central America, CarribeanIndia (Mumbai to Bangalore) Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
25/35
orW
5S10
10Equatorial Easterlies, weaker even v light westerly in winter.S facing strip of W Africa (Lagos) to Horn (Addis Ababa), Congo to Tanzania, Northern S America (Panama, Venezuela) to mid BrazilSingapore Malaysia Indonesia, Sri Lanka & Sthn tip of India
15S10
20Tropical Transitional
Savannah & TradesAngola, Zambia, N MozambiqueSouthern Brazil, Bolivia S PeruNth Australia
90/1T20
35Arid Subtropical
Highs, DesertNamibia, Sth AfricaUruguay, N ArgentinaCentral Australia to Sydney/Perth
70/80
35
40Temperate Transitional (Mediterranean)Mid Argentia, ChileMelbourne, Auckland NZ North Island
60/7060/7040
65Dist TempSth Argentina, Chile, Tierra del FuegoNZ South Island, Tasmania
65
90PolarAntarcticaAntarcticaAntarctica
*Bombay/Oman/Sudan Cuba is northern limit of tropical easterlies in summer
*Lagos Addis Ababa/Panama/Singapore is northern limit of tropical easterlies in winter
Table 8 Macro Atmosphere Structure
DiscontinuityHeightThermal CharacterOther/Notes
F Layer (Appleton)225km (150-350Km)Temp RisesHigh Ion Density
E Layer (Kenelly-Heavyside)125km (100-150Km)Temp RisesMed Ion Density
Mesopause80kmTemp falls
D Layer (Day Only)75km (50-100km)Low Ion Density.
Stratopause50kmTemp rises at 0.3C/1000ft
ISA Limit20kmTemp steady -56.5 under ISA drops at 2C/1000ft under JSAUnless tropopause height specified. Then use actual tropopause temp.
Tropopause11kmSumWtrTemp drops at 2C/1000ft25,000ft -45C Pole
40,000ft -55C mid lat
55,000ft -75C equator
3016k16k
5012k9k
709k8k
Table 9 Troposphere Structure
Height.P dominates T affects P/HPress/Ht per HPa
96T(A)/P(HPa)TUC
((2 if from 7-8000ft cabin alt)Other
58,000ft100/200ft
49,000ft Need radiation monitoring
43,000ft8-12secs
40,000ft20secsO2 under pressure required
O3 a problem to 75,000ft
38,000ft200mb/102ft
35,000ft-min
30,000ft300mb/73ft-1min
25,000ft376mb2-4min
22,000ft4-8min35mm in lungs/ unconsciousness
18,000ft500mb/48ft30min50mm in lungs
10,000ft700mb/36ftIndefinite
5,000ft850mb/31ft
Sea Level1013mb/27ft. Use this for 9 seatsMax Cert TOM >5700kgs15,000kgs
or 30 seats27,000kgsWarning Required
Altitude Alerting((Visual up, Aural down.
GPWS(((Aural
1DFDR10h Apr/98 On
Type II
25h All A/C Jun/90 On
Turbine only B4 Jun/90( Type I
(Enh. Rec.)
CVR
30m Jan/90 On2hrs Apr/98 On
30 min B4 Apr/98(
TCAS IIJet/turbo plus all a/c >19 seats by 2005Jet/turbo(
TAWSNew jet turbo
from 2003Jet/turbo by 2005(Aural and visual with display
AWR
All press.a/c25kft
Flight DeckAfter 30 minsEntire time30min2hr
Cabin CrewAfter 30 minsEntire time30 min
10% PaxAfter 30 mins
30% PaxEntire time
100% PaxEntire time10 min
Unpressurised
Flight DeckEntire time
Cabin CrewAfter 30 minsEntire time
10% PaxAfter 30 mins
100% PaxEntire time
Table 15 Safety Equipment Requirements
Pax SeatsFire Extinguishers (Of which BCF)Crash axeMegaphone /deckFirst Aid Kits
7-3011
31-602 (1)
61-2003 (2)1+1(100
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