View
0
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
SISTEMIEMBEDDED
EmbeddedSystemsSOPCDesignFlow
FedericoBaronti Lastversion:20160229
Definition(s)ofEmbeddedSystems• Systemswithembeddedprocessors
– Hamblen,Hall,Furman,“Rapid PrototypingOf DigitalSystems,”Springer2008
• Oneormorecomputersareusedascomponents– Ashenden,“DigitalDesign:AnEmbeddedSystemsApproach
UsingVerilog,” Elsevier 2008• Aphysicalsystemthatemployscomputercontrolfora
specificpurpose,ratherthanforgeneral-purposecomputation– Hamacher,Vranesic,Zaky,Manjikian,“ComputerOrganization
AndEmbeddedSystems,”McGrawHill2012• Devicethatincludesaprogrammablecomputerbutisnot
itselfintendedtobeageneral-purposecomputer– Wolf,“PrinciplesofEmbeddedComputingSystemDesign,”
Elsevier 2008
EmbeddedSystems(1)
• Noteasytofindaprecisedefinition.Butwecanidentifysomeprominentfeatures:– Containacomputerwhichisnot general-purpose– Arepartofalargerdevice/equipment/plantthattheycontrol
– Areapplication-specificandsinglefunctioned;functionsarea-prioriknownandexecutedrepeatedly
– Needtobeoptimizedforcost,size,energyconsumption,…
– MayhaveRealtimeandsafetyrequirements– Typicallyhaveminimaluserinterface
EmbeddedSystems(2)
• Areverypervasiveinourdailylife:– Householdappliances,cars(ABS,EPS,…),ATMs,printers,scanners,cameras,videogames,TVs,smartwatches,alarmsystems,“smartphones”,“tablets”,…
• Everyyearbillionofnewembeddedcomputers– 100embeddedcomputerseveryonegeneral-purposecomputer
ApplicationExamples(1)
ApplicationExamples(2)
MicrowaveOven Camera
EmbeddedSystemBlockDiagram
EmbeddedSystem
Processor
Device/Equipmenttobecontrolled
Memory
Peripherals
EmbeddedComputer
Actuator
Actuator
Indicator
DRIVER
SENSO
RCO
NDITIONING
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Anembeddedsystem isacomputersystemthatisnot general-purposelikeapersonalcomputer
Mainbuildingblocks:
• Processor(s)• Memories:FLASH,EEPROM,SRAM,SDRAM,DDRAM
• Peripherals:GPIO,Timer/Counter,PWM,Communicationinterfaces(SPI,I2C,CAN,…),A/D,D/A,…
• …• anddefinitelysome“specific”SOFTWARE
Processor
Memory
Input Output
Anembeddedsystem isacomputersystemthatisnot general-purposelikeapersonalcomputer
• Developmentcost(Non-RecurringEngineeringcost)
• Productioncost• Powerconsumption• Physicalsize
• Theirrelativeimportancevariesfromoneembeddedsystemtoanother
Maindesignconstraints:
Anembeddedsystem isacomputer systemthatisnot general-purposelikeapersonalcomputer
ASIC COTS
SOC
Hardwaredesignoptions:
DiscreteµCs,DSPs
FPGA
SOCFPGA
Designlogic,mem.andproc.
FPGAwithmem.and
hard-coreproc.
DesignlogicDesignlogic
Configuremem.andsoft-coreproc.
SOPCSOPC(SystemOnaProgrammable Chip)
SoCalternatives:MCP,PoP,SiP
MCP:MultiChipPackagePoP:PackageonPackageSiP:SysteminaPackage
(Commercial-off-the-shelf)
SOC:SystemonaChip
System-on-Programmable-Chip
• Configuresoft-coreprocessor:– Coreconfiguration• Coreversion(E.g.economy,standard,fastforAlteraNios II)• Instruction/DataCache,PipelineStages,JTAGDebugModules,CustomInstructions,etc.
– Peripheralconfiguration(whatandwhere)• Peripheralselection
– StandardperipheralsfromAlteraandthird-partyvendors:GPIOs,Timers,SerialCommunicationInterfaces,MemoryInterfaces,etc.
– Customperipherals• Addressmapping
SOPCDesignFlow
J.O.Hamblenetal.“RapidPrototypingofDigitalSystems– SOPCEdition”,Springer, 2008
Altera’s CAD tools• LogicDesign:Quartus II– Nios IIConfigurationandComputer integration:Qsys– Qsys generatestheHDLdescriptionoftheComputer
• LogicSimulation:ModelSim-Altera• SoftwareDevelopment:Nios IIEmbeddedDesignSuite(EDS)– Eclipse
• DE2:Development&Educationboard– CycloneIIEP2C35F672C6(33216LE;105M4K)
NiosII/e NiosII/s NiosII/f
#LE 600-700 1200-1400 1400-1800
#M4K 2 2+cache 3+cache
Nios IIversions:economystandardfast
Nios IIHW/SWDesignFlow
Nios IISBTDesignFlow• Creatingaproject– Nios IIApplicationandBSPfromTemplate
• Targethardwareinformation(.sopcinfo,CPU)• Projecttemplate• BoardSupportPackage(BSP)
• Codeediting(.c,.h)• BuildingtheProject(.elf)• ConfiguringtheFPGA– Quartus IIprogrammer(.sof)
• Running/ Debugging theProjectonNios II– Run/Debugconfigurations
BoardSupportPackage(BSP)
• Libraryandheaderfiles(e.g.system.h)specifictothetargetprocessor
• Automaticallygeneratedthrough.sopcinfoandCPU
• Hidesmemorymap,availabledevices,deviceimplementationandprocessorconfiguration– Devicedrivers– HardwareAbstractionLayer(HAL)– RTOS:Micrium MicroC/OS-II
Recommended