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Los Angeles SDAT
Los Angeles Sustainable Design Assessment Team
Downtown Neighborhood Sustainability
Los Angeles SDAT
Walter SedovicOverview
Los Angeles SDAT
DLANC!
Los Angeles SDAT
E.E.E.E.E!
Los Angeles SDAT
E.E.E.E.E!
Los Angeles SDAT
E.E.E.E.E!
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainability: Traditionally Defined as 3ESustainability: Traditionally Defined as 3E’’ss
Los Angeles SDAT
Working Working withwith Tradition: LA PolycentricTradition: LA Polycentric
DowntownDowntown RiversideRiverside
PasadenaPasadena
Long BeachLong Beach
Santa MonicaSanta Monica
Los Angeles SDAT
WhatWhat’’s In a Name?s In a Name?
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE
ECONOMICSECONOMICS
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
GREENGREEN
NET ZERONET ZERO
SMART GROWTHSMART GROWTH
CARBON FOOTPRINTCARBON FOOTPRINT
SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY
GREENGREEN
NET ZERONET ZERO
SMART GROWTHSMART GROWTH
CARBON FOOTPRINTCARBON FOOTPRINT
SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY
Los Angeles SDAT
EmpowermentEmpowerment
Expansive BaseAll stakeholdersNeighborhood ID
InitiativesGround-up (“Organic”)Complex: Stakeholder-Defined
AdvocacyData drivenShared vision
PartnershipsLeverage access to governmentSymbiosis
Los Angeles SDAT
Equity (Social/Cultural)Equity (Social/Cultural)
Diversity in Neighborhoods & Housing
SchoolsParks & Playgrounds
Job CreationWholesale DistrictVolunteer
Neighborhood Stability
Los Angeles SDAT
EnvironmentEnvironment
ShadeVest pocket parksIndigenous planting
Water retentionXeriscapeGreen roof initiatives
Bike/Pedestrian Friendly
Los Angeles SDAT
EconomyEconomyTransportation Linkages
Multi-modalInterspersed with green space
Ready for the Next Shovel-Ready OpPhilanthropic/Land BankPedicabsArt Window Shopping on Broadway
Los Angeles SDAT
ExampleExampleBaby Steps/Major Initiatives
Measure success
Data-driven change
Application
City-wide
Regional
Disseminate Success Stories
Paradigms/Recipes
Prepare for a World Stage
Empowerment2
Los Angeles SDAT
Jim Diers
Empowerment
Los Angeles SDAT
Moving from…
NO-the city has no money for parks
-we can’t stop the dumping of ex-offenders-we can’t have children in Skid Row
-we can’t change the streets-we can’t fight city hall
Los Angeles SDAT
To… YES, WE CAN!
Los Angeles SDAT
Power of People
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Caring for the Earth
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Neighborhood Matching Fund
Los Angeles SDAT
Neighborhood Planning
Los Angeles SDAT
Columbia City
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Can You Do This?
Los Angeles SDAT
Eve PickerHousing Thoughts
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don’t be developer driven
say yes to diversified housing
Los Angeles SDAT
did you know these housing facts? • between 2006 and 2008
less than 1000 of the 7000 units added in downtown were affordable
• in 2006 50% of all units were affordable. in 2008 only 26.5% were affordable
Los Angeles SDAT
did you know these housing facts?
• in 2006, 67% of all downtown residents commuted by car and only 11% by public transit
• in 2008, 33% commuted by car and 33% by public transit.
Los Angeles SDAT
• The composition of downtown’s residents is changing rapidly. What do you want it to become? To be sustainable we think you should support:
a. affordable housing to ensure a housing mix that embraces everyone
b. housing options that reflect the new, transit-friendly population
did you know these housing facts?
Los Angeles SDAT
how can you make moderate income housing happen?
Find ways to reduce costs for developers by eliminating parking requirements
– 0 parking for downtown units– shared parking options such as
- overnight parking in garages that are empty at night
- meter permits for downtown residents- reduced rate parking in parking
garages for residents by eliminating taxes for garage operators
Los Angeles SDAT
how can you make moderate income housing happen?
Explore public/private partnerships that provide incentives to developers AND residents
– reduced interest rate mortgages & deferred principal payments to developers
– second mortgages for median income buyers at 0% interest
– hand money assistance– special incentives for tenants with no vehicle
Los Angeles SDAT
• The CRA knows how to create public/private partnership. The question is, who is driving the vision for housing mix downtown.
• TAKE CONTROL
how can you make moderate income housing happen?
Los Angeles SDAT
Broadway:change the focus
Los Angeles SDAT
the most surprising asset in downtown Broadway is the most
surprising and energetic asset in downtown LA. It’s vibrant community, packed streets and delightful historic architecture are all an unexpected surprise in the heart of downtown. A short, and intense but unforgettable experience, here a visitor begins to understand the rich diversity of LA.
Los Angeles SDAT
broadway will be different soon
we heard that:• 50% of the retail tenants want to break
their lease.• asking rents have dropped to $1.50 per
s.f. with no appetite from potential tenants.
• businesses are closing at the rate of one a week.
• neighborhood efforts are focussed on an existing condition that is no longer tenable. Broadway is changing rapidly.
• Take control before it’s gone
Los Angeles SDAT
rethink the strategy
• instead of chasing elusive tenants
• create a land bank• buy properties and mothball them
until the economy turns around• find developers willing to tackle
small vacant upper floor projects • build artist housing, startup
commercial space, less amenities but more historic charm
Los Angeles SDAT
•instead of chasing elusive tenants•use broadway to fulfill some the moderate income housing supply •don’t require parking•seek a population that wants to live without a vehicle•use broadway for a demonstration bike lane project•be flexible - transitional uses may work
– pop up stores– free community galleries
rethink the strategy
Los Angeles SDAT
Mark McDaniel
Employment Pathways for Ex-offenders
Los Angeles SDAT
Addressing a Key Workforce Challenge
1,600 individuals returning from jail or prison each month
Los Angeles SDAT
Individual Barriers
Correctional Barriers
Arrest
Labor Market Barriers
Community BarriersRe-Arrest
Jail Prison
•Limited educational opportunities•Limited job training•Limited cognitive work•Lack of treatment and rehabilitative services
•Low educational attainment•Lack of job readiness and soft skills•Drug and alcohol addiction•Mental and physical health•Child support and related debt
•Lack positive social supports•Fragmented services •Transportation •Eligibility criteria for work supports
Reluctance to hire•Liability•Lack of post-hiring support•Concern about dependability•Negative publicity•Statutory restrictions
Employment Barriers
Los Angeles SDAT
• Education, vocational training , work release, and correctional industry programs are associated with increased attachment to employment and lower rates of re-offending.
• Substance abuse treatment and cognitive based programs reduce recidivism
• Immediate attachment to employment upon release reduces recidivism
• Connection to a mentor or positive support network increases attachment to work
• A “One Stop” bundling of services and supports increases job attachment and retention.
What Works?
Los Angeles SDAT
Community Outreach & System Engagement
StructuredRe-entry
Prison(Behind the fence)
Community Re-integration
Results• Stable Employment• Reliable Workforce• Reduced Recidivism
STRATEGIES
Employment Pathways &
Support ServicesData/tracking
IdentificationPost-release plans
Work ReleaseMentors
Assessment/Education/Voc
Training & WorkActivities
Employer Council
Employment Pathway
Los Angeles SDAT
Understanding the Impact of Public Policy Choices
• Assess employment restrictions on the formerly incarcerated
• Engage area employer/business community/philanthropy– Public/Private sector Transitional Jobs
• Offer support to emerging entrepreneurs– Micro-loans– Technical Assistance
• Assess SRO housing policies on economic mobility, family and social cohesion
• Assess results “what’s working”
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Jane JenkinsPartnerships
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Partnerships::Organizations
• Diverse organizations with mission overlap– Business– Neighborhood– Community redevelopment– Economic Development– Social services
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Partnerships::Government
• What can the City of Los Angeles do?– Incentives for small business– Enforcement of existing ordinances– More favorable zoning for housing and mixed
use.– Leadership
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Partnerships::Success
• Facilitate• Mediate• Advocate• Communicate
• Represent• Plan• Position• Listen
Los Angeles SDAT
PolycentricCity
Los Angeles SDAT
Downtown LA:: The Center of Polycentric
• geographic, political, and historic center• center for local and regional transportation• cultural attractions • entertainment venues• variety of diverse neighborhoods
– modern– historic – ethnic
Los Angeles SDAT
Los Angeles SDAT
Paula Reeves
Sustainable Transportation
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Sustainable TransportationBuilding Blocks
• Transportation & Equity– placing the people at the center of the discussion
• Transportation & Environment– connecting transportation modes downtown
• Transportation & Economy – creating safety, convenience, and supporting
neighborhood identity
Los Angeles SDAT
Some Transportation Stats
• 2% of the LA street network includes bicycle lanes (130 miles of 6,500 miles)
• 80% of City residents commute by auto• With sizable investment, 10% of the population
commutes by transit • With relatively small investment, 4% of the
population bikes or walks to work
Source: LADOT
Los Angeles SDAT
Transportation Stats (continued)
Source: LADOT and STPP
• 247 pedestrians, many of whom are young or aging, are hit and killed by cars each year in the LA area.
• One third of the traffic related fatalities in LA are pedestrians.
• Factors contributing to pedestrian traffic crashes are failure to yield and hit and run.
Los Angeles SDAT
National Sustainability Ranking –Los Angeles 28th
City CommutingMetro Transit Ridership
Congestion
Source: 2008 US Cities Ranking - SustainLane
Los Angeles SDAT
What are commonly sited transportation goals?
We heard…
• More walkable and bikable Downtown• Slower speeds in the Downtown• Better travel options with more connection
Los Angeles SDAT
What are the commonly cited barriers?
We heard…
• Wide, fast streets without crossings or bike facilities
• No street hierarchy• City is a through way for traffic • Not enough capacity in downtown• One way streets can’t be changed• No “DowntownWalks” type advocate group
Los Angeles SDAT
Going From Streets for Cars to Streets for People
Los Angeles SDAT
This change is taking place in cities across the US
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Measuring Safer, More Walkable & Bikable Streets
Traff
ic sp
eeds
& vo
lumes
allow
for s
afe tr
avel
Bicy
cle fa
cilitie
s and
cros
swalk
s enc
oura
ge us
e
Acce
ptable
air q
uality
for p
edes
trians
and
cycli
sts
Lack
of ba
rrier
s to b
iking
and w
alking
Well
conn
ected
bicy
cle an
d ped
estria
n rou
tes
Side
walk ac
tivitie
s and
recre
ation
al us
es
Enga
ging v
isual
envir
onmen
t
Los Angeles SDAT
Providing Better Signage & Information
Includes over 100 signs
Designed to help visitors and residents access cultural destinations in the downtown area.
Each sign includes a local, neighborhood map and/or glyphic district map along with directional information for destinations accessible on foot and by transit.
Los Angeles SDAT
Total Person Trip Capacityvs. Traditional Level of Service
Vehicle Trip Generation Rate (PM peak hour)X Percent New TripsX Person Trip Conversion (Average VehicleOccupancy & Mode Split)X Trip Length (miles)= Person Mile Rate per UnitX Units of Development= Person Miles of Travel (Mobility Unit Demand)
Source: City of Redmond, WA http://www.redmond.gov/connectingredmond/resources/concurrency.asp
Los Angeles SDAT
Example - Total Person Trip Capacity in Downtown
Development Status Land Use Units Mobility Rate Mobility UnitsDowntown Mixed Use New Retail(sq ft) 15,000 3.38 51
New MF(units) 150 1.28 192Existing Furniture(sq ft) (4,450) 0.33 (1)Existing Auto(sq ft) (6,450) 4.26 (27)
ExistingWarehouse/ Office(sq ft) (3,785) 1.5 (6)
209
Los Angeles SDAT
Adding Interest and Innovation
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Broadway Cycle Track Pilot Project
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One final benefit –support Downtown housing
• Single-family home with 2 cars generates 12-14 metric tons
• A household in denser urban housing with 1 car generates 6-8 metric tons
• A household in denser urban housing with no car generates 3-5 metric tons
-- Source Climate Trust Portland, OR
Los Angeles SDAT
Sara GeddesBob Yakas
Sustainable Urban Design
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainable Urban Design
• “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”
R. Buckminster Fuller
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainable Urban DesignA model design for sustainable urban development
promotes:• Mixed-use urban neighborhoods • Served by integrated energy generation and environmental
quality management systems and by • Residential, commercial and industrial structures that make the
most efficient use of all energy and material resources.
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainable Urban Design• Walkable, transit-served urbanism integrated
with high-performance buildings and high performance infrastructure
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainable Urban Design• Defined Centers and Edge-Neighborhood is the basic unit• Completeness: Neighborhood meet Daily and life-long Needs• Connectedness – Integrating transportation and Land use – multiple
opportunities for multi-modal circulation within and without.
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainable Urban Design• Sustainable Corridors – transit /pedestrian/bike corridors
are the backbone of sustainable urbanism• Connecting Humans with nature
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Sustainable Urban Design High Performance infrastructure – urban heat island,
storm and waste water filtration, remove impervious surfaces – new approaches through design and maintenance
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainable Urban Design Integrated Design – designing for all human and
natural systems
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Sustainable Urban Design• Knitting the
Neighborhoods together– Interventions on the
seams– Blurring the edges
while maintaining NH identity
– Connecting with the greater community
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Sustainable Urban DesignStrategy at the “Zipper”
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Sustainable Urban DesignNeighborhood Identity• Neighborhood “Green
Squares”• Green Connectors• Using the “Zippers”
for interventions• Connect to the larger
network
Los Angeles SDAT
Sustainable Urban DesignSmart Growth Principles
• Create an array of housing choices and opportunities• Create walkable neighborhoods• Encourage stakeholder collaboration and involvement• Foster distinctive places with strong sense of place• Make development decisions predictable, fair and cost-effective• Mix land uses• Create, Preserve and enhance open space and connections to
nature• Provide a variety of transportation options• Strengthen and direct development toward existing communities• Promote compact building design
Los Angeles SDAT
www.aia.org/[email protected]
AIA National ComponentCenter for Communities by Design
1735 New York Avenue NWWashington, DC 20006-5292
AIA Center for Communities by Design: Contact Information
