Tropical Fruits

CIAT May 2009

Tropical Fruits

CIAT May 2009

Tropical Fruits

2001- Conformed as a project- approved by BOT

2005- New Leadership

2007 – TF project is embedded in the Markets, Institutions and Livelihoods outcome line of RDC2

2008 TF merged with the group of Rural Agroentreprise Development and with The Institute of Participatory Research in Agriculture to form the Outcome Line Linking Farmers to Markets.

2009 Back as a full Program and clearly visible in the CIAT Strategic Directions

Mission:

•Improve the competitiveness of smallholder producers of tropical fruits and service providers through information and technologies that result in more sustainable production practices and systems, better access to markets and increased household income

Key aspects of the program

•No germplasm based- No breeding

Partner institutions/farmers- Germplasm

•Partners are critically important to develop- implement the agenda

•Demand driven

•Multiprone-multidisciplinary approaches

•Focus in LAC

Production Processing Market

Crop management (IPM)

Germplasm Evaluation under Different Markets

Capacity Building, innovation, Institutional Strengthening

Germplasm Characterization

Germplasm selection

•Output 1: Technologies for improving the competitiveness of smallholder tropical fruit producers

Latin America and Caribbean Programs

Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012

Latin America and Caribbean Programs

Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012

•Propagation of planting material

Participatory selection of elite clones.• Product quality

Propagation technologies (low cost)

•Optimization of production systems

A closer look at the system level

• Relevant germplasm characteristics for

Farmers, traders, buyers (processors)

• Relevant germplasm characteristics for

Farmers, traders, buyers (processors)

Criterios de selección - Evaluación Participativa de materiales

Criterio Puntaje Relacionado con

Color de pulpa (amarillo-verdoso) 16

Adaptabilidad a diferentes pisos térmicos 16

Color cáscara Amarillo - Naranja 15

Consistencia dura del fruto 14

Fruto extra de 190 grs (+ -10) grs y 7 cm de diámetro 13

Calidad de fruta

40% (+ - 5) de cuajamiento 12

Buena Producción (20kg/planta) 9 Producción

Tolerancia a Fusarium 9

Tolerancia a Gota 8

Tolerancia a Bacteriosis 8

Tallo principal (Corto, grueso, vigoroso) 7

Tolerancia a Esclerotinia 6

Tolerancia a Enfermedades

Entrenudos cortos 5

Planta porte mediano ( 2 mt) 4

7 parcas bien distribuidas 3

Tolerancia a Ácaros 2

buen sistema de anclaje 2

Hojas grandes 0 Arquitectura de la planta

Propagation of tropical species

Solve specific issues

1. Phytosanitary2. Quality (clonal propagation)3. Costs

Clonal propagation of rootstocks

A Mejia, J Villamizar

• Low cost Low cost propagation laboratory-lulo laboratory-lulo• Low cost Low cost propagation laboratory-lulo laboratory-lulo

AslubelAslubel

• Methods

• Know how

• Impact --?

• Methods

• Know how

• Impact --?

Optimization and characterization of production systems

• Ecoregional Program of the AIEcoregional Program of the AI

• Decision and Policy Analysis Program Decision and Policy Analysis Program

• Ecoregional Program of the AIEcoregional Program of the AI

• Decision and Policy Analysis Program Decision and Policy Analysis Program

Ecosystem services

Land use system

Resource flow (inputs)

Product Quality

Resource flow (outputs)

Drivers of change

Assessment and modeling of resource flows and ecosystem services in fruit production systems

• Quantification of resource flows in selected fruit producing systems (chontaduro, lulo, mora, …)

• Identification and quantification of ecosystem services within the land use system

• Identification of major drivers affecting land use

• Representation of interactions between the elements in a model

• Up-scaling of farm-level data to the landscape level

Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012

•Output 2: Improved market value chain management .

Lulo (Colombia and Ecuador)

Andean Blackberry (Colombia- Ecuador)

Peach palm ( Colombia )

Science for impact: Linking Farmers to Markets

New business models for sustained trading relationships

GIAR (Gestores de Innovación en Agroindustria Rural)

ComercializaciónProducción Transformación

Supply chain Analysis- Peach Palm

$ 20.000/balde 14kg

$ 35.000/balde 14kg

$ 40 – 50.000/ balde 14kg

Productores

Intermediario Intermediario

Industria

Platonera

Consumo

Intermediario

$ 45 - 50.000/balde 14kg

Selección

Platoneras Platoneras

Venta al detalVenta al detal

• > 18 hours of work per day

• High price of raw product- too many intermediaries

• Women head of household

• Market expanding

• Great venue for income generation

Alcaldía Mayor de

Buenaventura

Tropical Fruits MTP-2010-2012

•Output 3: Technologies for management of diseases and pests

• Disease agent characterization

• Germplasm evaluation

• Generic pests (fruit fly---in progress)

• Management alternatives

• Disease agent characterization

• Germplasm evaluation

• Generic pests (fruit fly---in progress)

• Management alternatives

A Mejia, J Villamizar, Corpoica

Areas where avocados are affected by root rots (P. cinnamomi)

Some isolates of P cinnamomi are more aggressive than othersSome isolates of P cinnamomi are more aggressive than others

Caracterización de clones de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth.)Caracterización de clones de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth.)

Resistencia a la antracnosis:

Identificación de cuatro grupos de genotipos:

G1- altamente susceptibles – 2%

G2 – susceptibles - 67%

G3 – intermedios – 23%

G4 – resistentes – 8%

Resistencia a la antracnosis:

Identificación de cuatro grupos de genotipos:

G1- altamente susceptibles – 2%

G2 – susceptibles - 67%

G3 – intermedios – 23%

G4 – resistentes – 8%

GT CGA

ADN totalADN total

Caracterización molecular genotipos:

En proceso evaluación de RAMs (8 cebadores) para determinar diversidad en Rubus spp.

Caracterización molecular genotipos:

En proceso evaluación de RAMs (8 cebadores) para determinar diversidad en Rubus spp.

RAMsRAMs

qPCR (real time PCR)qPCR (real time PCR)

Detección e identificación mediante técnicas moleculares:Detección e identificación mediante técnicas moleculares:

Bio-PCRBio-PCR

Detección de 1×10–3 cfu ml –1 a partir de muestras

frescas de tejido

Diluciones seriadas de Ralstonia a partir de

muestra de tejido fresco

Ralstonia solanacearum -Ralstonia solanacearum - enfermedad del Moko en plátano enfermedad del Moko en plátano

Germplasm Evaluation- Disease Resistance

Lulo: In Colombia, Out of 36 clones evaluated, 3 showed resistance to Antracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) y Gota (Phytophthora infestans). In Ecuador, interspecific hybrids showed the most promising behaviour.

Soursoap: 21 clones, 4 resistant to Antracnosis (C. gloeosporioides)

Avocado: Colección de cepas de Phytophthora cinnamomi para evaluar resistencia de patrones comerciales y clones colectados en Colombia

Andean Blackberry: Currently testing disease resistance of germplasm in Ecuador and Colombia (> 200 accessions total)

Plantain: Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) _

• Lots of interest from partners in the region

• Becomes a barrier for market access

• Losses ..up to 70% in some crops

(>1 billion US/year)

• Multiple individual projects- little sharing of

success stories and approaches.

• Proposal under development.

• Lots of interest from partners in the region

• Becomes a barrier for market access

• Losses ..up to 70% in some crops

(>1 billion US/year)

• Multiple individual projects- little sharing of

success stories and approaches.

• Proposal under development.

Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for

4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.

Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for Fruit Fly: Regional coordination action for

4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.4F: Fruit Fly Free Fruits.

Reflexions

•We are co-learning with partners

•CIAT is well positioned to facilitate, and promote coordinated action in the region for TF research x development

•We need to develop and test a solid strategy for scaling up.

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