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A Passion for FruitsThe International Tropical
Fruits Programme
A Passion for FruitsThe International Tropical
Fruits ProgrammeJoachim Voss
26th International Horticultural CongressToronto, Canada
August 2002
Joachim Voss26th International Horticultural Congress
Toronto, CanadaAugust 2002
ContentsContents
1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits
2. Fruits and Rural Development
3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme
1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits
2. Fruits and Rural Development
3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme
Species:Tropical America ~1000 – 1500 Africa more than 1000Tropical Asia ~ 500Australia almost nothing
Cultivated species:Abundance in SE Asia and tropical America
Species:Tropical America ~1000 – 1500 Africa more than 1000Tropical Asia ~ 500Australia almost nothing
Cultivated species:Abundance in SE Asia and tropical America
Great DiversityGreat Diversity
Characteristicsof the Crop
Characteristicsof the Crop
• Generally perennial crops• Frequently grown in mixed
stands• Commonly selected varieties
(not the result of formal breeding programs)
• Generally perennial crops• Frequently grown in mixed
stands• Commonly selected varieties
(not the result of formal breeding programs)
ProductionProduction
• Generate high income• Producers face cash flow
problems in the first years• Intensive labour requirement• Production and exports of
each species is concentrated in a few countries
• Generate high income• Producers face cash flow
problems in the first years• Intensive labour requirement• Production and exports of
each species is concentrated in a few countries
EmploymentEmployment• Average of 1-2 man years per ha
in production and processing• Sugarcane with manual
harvesting uses about 0.3 man years per ha
• Average of 1-2 man years per ha in production and processing
• Sugarcane with manual harvesting uses about 0.3 man years per ha
MarketingMarketing• Exports*:
– 1.5 million t per year– US$1.3 billion
• Average total value per ha:– US$9,000 for exports– US$3,000 for local produce
• Exports*:– 1.5 million t per year– US$1.3 billion
• Average total value per ha:– US$9,000 for exports– US$3,000 for local produce
* Without bananas and citrus* Without bananas and citrus
ConsumptionConsumption• Global per capita consumption increased
30% in 30 years.• Consumption concentrated (96%) in the
producer countries (excluding bananas and citrus)
• Traditionally consumed as fresh fruit.• Increase in processed products• Increasing consumption in developed
countries• Demand for varied diet• Demand for health(y) products
• Global per capita consumption increased 30% in 30 years.
• Consumption concentrated (96%) in the producer countries (excluding bananas and citrus)
• Traditionally consumed as fresh fruit.• Increase in processed products• Increasing consumption in developed
countries• Demand for varied diet• Demand for health(y) products
ContentsContents
1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits
2. Fruits and Rural Development
3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme
1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits
2. Fruits and Rural Development
3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme
Rural DevelopmentRural Development
050
100150200
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Pric
e $(
1961
)
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Valu
es r
elat
ive
to 1
965
MangoBananaCashew fruitCítrusDatesOthersPapayaPineapplePlantain
Rural DevelopmentRural Development• Fruits offer the opportunity to:
! Increase rural income and employment!Attract ancillary services related to processing
and marketing !Establish stable production systems in hilly or
high rainfall regions
• Fruits offer the opportunity to:! Increase rural income and employment!Attract ancillary services related to processing
and marketing !Establish stable production systems in hilly or
high rainfall regions
VisionVisionVibrant rural communities that provide a
pleasant life for their constituents and their children principally through the
wealth and healthy environment generated by production, processing and marketing of
tropical fruits
Vibrant rural communities that provide a pleasant life for their constituents and their children principally through the
wealth and healthy environment generated by production, processing and marketing of
tropical fruits
Crops generally are more successful outside their centre of origin
E.g.: ColombiaCoffee, sugarcane, banana, flowers,
and African oil palm
Crops generally are more successful outside their centre of origin
E.g.: ColombiaCoffee, sugarcane, banana, flowers,
and African oil palm
Guiding PrinciplesGuiding Principles
Where do we focus?Where do we focus?• Well developed export crops• Locally important crops• Potential export crops• Export of crop know-how
! Seed!Production techniques!Marketing
• Well developed export crops• Locally important crops• Potential export crops• Export of crop know-how
! Seed!Production techniques!Marketing
Technology for Fruit Export CropsTechnology for Fruit Export Crops• New concept for developing countries• Success of crops outside their centre of origin• Provide technology to countries outside the
centre of origin • Recompense those in the centre of origin
• New concept for developing countries• Success of crops outside their centre of origin• Provide technology to countries outside the
centre of origin • Recompense those in the centre of origin
Capturing the Potential of Export Crops
Capturing the Potential of Export Crops
• Policies directed to export of tropical fruits
• Exporting maximizes the return on high investment cost
• Future markets will be diversified with regions specialising in certain products
• Policies directed to export of tropical fruits
• Exporting maximizes the return on high investment cost
• Future markets will be diversified with regions specialising in certain products
Diversity is Key to SuccessDiversity is Key to Success• Total production of most cultivated
species is small• Great diversity of minor species • The importance of minor species tends to
be localised • Minor species can have a major impact at
the local level
• Total production of most cultivated species is small
• Great diversity of minor species • The importance of minor species tends to
be localised • Minor species can have a major impact at
the local level
ContentsContents
1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits
2. Fruits and Rural Development
3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme
1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits
2. Fruits and Rural Development
3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme
MissionMissionTo use science and technology to
provide information and support with partners in order to promote production, processing and
marketing of tropical fruits by rural communities which leads to
increased wealth and improved welfare for present and future generations in the countryside
To use science and technology to provide information and support with
partners in order to promote production, processing and
marketing of tropical fruits by rural communities which leads to
increased wealth and improved welfare for present and future generations in the countryside
Tropical FruitsTropical Fruits• Major questions:
• What can we grow successfully?• Of those we can grow which can we sell and
how?• How do we produce and market selected crops?
• Tendency to look at locally growncrops or indigenous crops
• Major questions:• What can we grow successfully?• Of those we can grow which can we sell and
how?• How do we produce and market selected crops?
• Tendency to look at locally growncrops or indigenous crops
• Concentrates on:! What grows well where! Rural agri-business approaches! Basic research to support
production processing and marketing
• Concentrates on:! What grows well where! Rural agri-business approaches! Basic research to support
production processing and marketing
CIATCIAT
What Grows Well WhereWhat Grows Well WhereInformation systems
based on GIS combined with data collection,
expert and localknowledge
Information systems based on GIS combined
with data collection, expert and local
knowledge
Rural Agri-businessRural Agri-business
CIAT works with local agencies in the development of fruit based rural agribusiness
CIAT works with local agencies in the development of fruit based rural agribusiness
Basic Research on FruitsBasic Research on Fruits• Develop areas that cut across a wide
range of species! Inducing and managing flowering ! Biological management for reducing post
harvest deterioration ! Varietal adaptation information! Selected phytosanitary constraints (e.g.,
fruit flies)! Propagation techniques (selection done by
national agencies and local farmers)• Collaborate with other agencies
• Develop areas that cut across a wide range of species! Inducing and managing flowering ! Biological management for reducing post
harvest deterioration ! Varietal adaptation information! Selected phytosanitary constraints (e.g.,
fruit flies)! Propagation techniques (selection done by
national agencies and local farmers)• Collaborate with other agencies
Flowering DynamicsFlowering DynamicsSource: J. Botella U. Of QueenslandSource: J. Botella U. Of Queensland
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
26-S
ep-0
103
-Oct
-01
10-O
ct-0
117
-Oct
-01
24-O
ct-0
131
-Oct
-01
07-N
ov-0
114
-Nov
-01
21-N
ov-0
128
-Nov
-01
05-D
ec-0
112
-Dec
-01
19-D
ec-0
126
-Dec
-01
02-J
an-0
209
-Jan
-02
16-J
an-0
223
-Jan
-02
30-J
an-0
206
-Feb
-02
13-F
eb-0
220
-Feb
-02
27-F
eb-0
206
-Mar
-02
13-M
ar-0
220
-Mar
-02
27-M
ar-0
2
w/o flowering geneswith flowering genes
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
26-S
ep-0
103
-Oct
-01
10-O
ct-0
117
-Oct
-01
24-O
ct-0
131
-Oct
-01
07-N
ov-0
114
-Nov
-01
21-N
ov-0
128
-Nov
-01
05-D
ec-0
112
-Dec
-01
19-D
ec-0
126
-Dec
-01
02-J
an-0
209
-Jan
-02
16-J
an-0
223
-Jan
-02
30-J
an-0
206
-Feb
-02
13-F
eb-0
220
-Feb
-02
27-F
eb-0
206
-Mar
-02
13-M
ar-0
220
-Mar
-02
27-M
ar-0
2
w/o flowering geneswith flowering genes
Induction19/02/02InductionInduction19/02/0219/02/02
Clonal Propagation and Selectionof Woody Species
Clonal Propagation and Selection of Woody Species
• Case study with Sour Sop• Collaborative project
with Corporacion Biotec
• Case study with Sour Sop• Collaborative project
with Corporacion Biotec
CommentsComments• There are no quick solutions
to developing new products
• Persistence over time is essential for the success of any horticultural project
• There are no quick solutions to developing new products
• Persistence over time is essential for the success of any horticultural project
The role of the international centres—in collaboration with other entities-- is to establish criteria and methods that other entities can use to promote agri-businessand improve the livelihood of rural communitiesand their children
The role of the international centres—in collaboration with other entities-- is to establish criteria and methods that other entities can use to promote agri-businessand improve the livelihood of rural communitiesand their children
Thank you!Thank you!
• The Chilean Model– Transplant technology – Successful when edapho-climatic
conditions are similar – Needs similar zones with good technology– Depends on market windows
• The Chilean Model– Transplant technology – Successful when edapho-climatic
conditions are similar – Needs similar zones with good technology– Depends on market windows
Potential Export CropsPotential Export Crops
• The Chilean ModelThe Chilean model is not appropriate
for totally tropical species
• The Chilean ModelThe Chilean model is not appropriate
for totally tropical species
Potential Export CropsPotential Export Crops
