- 1. ElectricsPowers Plants
2. .ElectrityINDEX.How does an electric power plant works?.Types
of electric power plantsNuclear powers plantsThermal powers
plantsHydroelectric power plantsWind powers plantsSolar powers
plantsGeothermal power plantsBiomass Thermal power plants 3. MORE
INDEXOcean power plantsEnvironment impactsStage of energy
consumptionExtraction of natural resourcesTransport fuelsEnergy
generationFinal useWaste treatmentSome solution for environment
problemsCan wind energy produce fresh water? 4. ElectricityIt is
the flow or movement of electrons though a material.It is the most
used energy in our society, because it can be transformed easily
and it can be transporyed long distances. 5. How does an electric
powerplant works?In a generating plant,the energy of different
fuels is converted into another form of energy. This occurs in a
turbine-alternator system. The fan-like blades turn with the help
of energy inside the turbine. The shaft turn with the blades.This
caused a magnetic field that makes generator to move and this
produce electricity. Electricity cannot be stored,it must be
transported to consumption centres 6. Types of Electric Power
PlantsNon-conventional Conventional Nuclear Power Wind farmsPlants
Solar power Plants Fossil fuel Geothermal powerthermal power
plantsPlants Biomass thermal Hydroelectricpower plantsPower Plants
Ocean power plants 7. Nuclear power plantEnergy is produce from a
nuclear fission.When a radioactive mineral breaks down produce
heat, this ocurr in the reactor.Then in the pipes the high pressure
steam that was produced move a turbine and a generator.This produce
electricity.The most used energy mineral is uranium. Advantage: the
produce a lot of energy.Disvantage: an accident can be very
dangerous for environment 8. Advantage:Disvantage:the produce a lot
of energy.an accident can be verydangerous for environmentThey dont
generate pollutingand society. gases to the atmosphere as fossils
fuelsThe waste generate cant be eliminated 9. Thermal power
plantFuels(coal,fuel oil...)are burn in the boiler, these produce
heat than converts the water into high pressure steam.This make
turn a turbine that is connecte to a generator,it produce
electricity. 10. Advantages: Disdvantages:Fuels are cheap It
produce pollutant smokes and fumes.They require less space than
otherHuge requirement of waterWaste" heat might be used for
district heating, or an industrial Efficiency of thermal plant is
quite processless 11. Combines cycle power plantElectricity is
roduced by the burn of a mixture of air and gas.That, in a boiler,
transform into high pressure gas that move aaturbine and a
generator. The combustion gases are transported toanother boiler
where the heat of the gas is used to heat water.That is a second
cycle.This type of power plant produce more electricuty and
performs better than the other ones that have only one cycle. 12.
Hydroelectric power plantsThey use the force of the water. The
force of gravity and the height of the flow of water helps the move
of the bladews of the turbine to turn quicklier by kinetic energy
There are 2000 hydroelectric powerplants in the USA. This makes USA
one of thebiggest producers of Hydraulic energy. 13. Gravity-driven
hydraulic power plants: Water used follows thecourse okf a river.
Water is not reuse.Pump-driven hydraulic power plants: water
descent to anotherreservoir in a lower heigh. Tha water stored on
it is pumped to the highestlevel again. Water is reuse 14. Wind
Power PlantsWind power plants usethe force of the wind formove the
blades whichtourn a generatour atthe top a the mills. It isone of
the bestalternatives to fossilfuels because windenergy is clean
andrenewable. 15. Wind farmsTheyre groups of wind turbines
together. Thay can beOnshore : Theyre on the landOffshore : Theyre
on the sea near coast.Europe is leader of this type of wind energy.
16. Solar Power PlantsThey can be:Photovoltaic power plants : They
use sun energy to produce electricity. They can be also named as
Solar cells. Theyre made of semiconductive materials and the energy
provided is produced by a group of Solar Cells connected together.
They need large places full of Solar Cells. There are also Smaller
power plants called Isolated wich are used for domestic production.
17. Photo-thermal power plants:Use the heat of the sun for heating
water that produce steam that turn a rotor in a generator. They use
Heliostats ( strange type of mirror that reflect the sunlight and
concentrate it at one point) 18. Geothermal Power PlantsThey use
the subsoil heat founded at deep leevls of the earth crust. This
heat reach the surface in the form of steam, hot water or gasesThey
can be:Directly: That use the stracted heat directlyIndirectly: Use
the heat for production of electricity. 19. Biomass Thermal Power
PlantsThey produce energy from the burning of organic compounds
such as urba, agricultural and food wastes.This occurs in Biomas
Power Plants, where fuels are burned to produce energy that heat
water which produce steam that move a generator. 20. Ocean Power
PLantsThey use the force of sea to move a turbine and a generator
which produce electricity. They use:Energy from tidesEnergy from
wavesTheyre not very usual because their production is low 21.
Environmental impact assessmentIs the evalution of the possible
negative or positive impact that theelectric power plants can made
in the environment.Environmentalimpact:The diferences forms of
electric power plants,madeenvariomental impacts, in their building
and operating. . 22. The impact of each electric power plantName of
the powerEnvironmental impactplant.FOSSIL FUEL THERMAL POWER PLANT:
The air is pollute because the combustion.The cooling system
release warm water.The extraction and production of the coal, oil
and natural gas can produce dust, noise,hydrocarbon emissions,
solid and liquid waste, blowouts, leaks.NUCLEAR: The waste that are
produce are non recycable, it only can be use once.The radiation
contamination pollute the plants, the water and the
animalsHydroelectric: Produce a lot of carbon dioxide , methane and
gases of greenhouse effect.Seasonal changes in water level produces
a continuous supply of material decomposition.The environment
change.Wind power Cause a visual impact, because always there are a
lot of wind turbines.Also cause a sound impact,because there are
not insulations.But there are not polllution.Solar: It can produce
pollution if contact with the environment.It need large areas.It
can produce changes in the flora and in the fauna. During the
manufacture of the materials used for solar panels and solar cells
(steel, copper and aluminum,that are often used as raw material)
produces pollution.BiomassProduces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
and oxides of nitrogen and in some cases oxides of sulfer, when
biomass it burns.If we use a lot of biomass can affect the
greenhouse effects.Ocean power: There are not visual impact.Only
there are impact when it is building.Affect to the animals, that
some of them were killed. 23. Stage of the energy
consumption1.EXTRACTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2. FUEL TRANSPORT 24.
3.ELECTRICITY GENERATION 4.FINAL ENERGY USE 25. Extraction of
energy resourcesThe deforestation of the areas where the resources
are is ocurr,this causes serious consequences to the
environment.Also this causes that the resources are running
out.Pollute the air and the water by the machines and techniques
that are use to the extraction.The changes in the fauna and in the
flora.Can be environment damage cause by accident.Uranium mining
leads to radioactive dust releases, mine water seepage, protection
of workers from radioactivity, and the disposal of a large quantity
of mine waste containing a low level of radioactivity.Coal mining,
particularly surface mining, has both long-term and short-term
effects on land... 26. Fuel TransportIs transport in oil pipelines
and oil tankers.1.Oil pipelines can cause damage in the environment
bynature or human error.This lead a spill.If there area leak or a
break can damage the soil and thewater.Some agricultural activities
will be affect.Cancause the disappearance of the plants in
aforest...They can change the marina environment, ifthey are
building near the coast.2.If Oil tankers spill afect directy to the
soil,water,airand flora and fauna. The sand of the beaches is
verydifficult to clean,is neccesary years to clean all, thisleave
the soil unusable.The water has lessoxygen,organic and inorganic
material and it hasmore salinity.The flora and fauna cant live in
thesea or ocean and began to die. 27. Electricity
GenerationConventional thermal power plants produce different
problems: When they burns the carbon we transform into carbon
dioxide, that it stays in theatmosphere ,this increase the
greenhouse effect and the global warming. They also emit sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide that contribute to the acid rain andthe
smog.They damage a lot the environment. The animals and plants of
the marine ecosystem are affected by the warm water usedin the
cooling system that is expelled to the oceans, rivers andseas. 28.
Hydroelectric power plants:They needs water reservoirs , and this
change the water circle of the rivers.Sometimes flood large land
areas.They block the fish routes, and destroy river
ecosystems.Nuclear thermal power plant:The release of the nuclear
wastes is very difficult and dangerous because they are
radioactive.Accidents in nuclear power plants have a high risk of
environmental contaminationNuclear accidents can cause large
amounts of radioactive contamination, many deaths, and leave the
near land unusable for the next century 29. Final Use:The fuels
that we use in some of our daily needsproduce gases that pollute
the air, for example thevehicles.All the electricity that we use
before causeenvironmental impacts during it
extraction,transportation and generation.We have to thing aboutit.
30. Waste TreamentWaste and their consequences from the thermal
power plant can be reduce if we:Use carbon with low sulphur to
reduce the acid rain that is produce bay this elementMaintain and
increase the forests that act as a sink of the carbon
dioxide.Install special filters to the canonades of the power plant
to catch somepollutants gases for example : sulphur and nitrogen
oxide.. 31. Nuclear power plant waste : Is stored in steel drums,it
must be close very well to prevent leaks , it isburied underground
in specialized sites Also in ocean trenches can be store,but have
the risk of the materialleaking because the steel drums corroding
32. Some solution for enviromental problemsEffiency: We have tu
reduce the energy that we consume,use for example electric car, of
use products that have low fuels. The goverment has to worry about
the pollution problems, have to implant environment laws, and have
to punish the people dont carry out them .Energy savings:Adopt our
live to reduce the comsuption of all forms of energy, and habits
that are moreenvironmentally.Examples: Use transport that pollute
less( public or bicycles) Turn off the electrical appliances when
we stop use. Dont open the window if the heating is set. Try to
save water .Dont turn on the light if it is day.Replaces the normal
bulbs for low consumption bulbs.Energy diversificationThe
fundamental thing is to use renewable energy
suchas:wind,solar,biomass,ocean,hydroelectric,because the
non-renewable such as fuelsare more expensive and will end.And use
to produce electricity alternative powerplants.The goverments also
help to aim this objective 33. Can wind energy produce fresh water?
Yes.A French eneering discovered a formto do this.Eole water is
working now in aprototype.Firts the energy is produce like the
normalswind turbines, the kinetic energy of the windmove the blades
of a rotor that is on a top of atower.Then an air blower sucked
airthought a nose that is in the turbine.Aelectric cooling
compressor extracts thehumidity of the air that it condensed and it
iscollected.The water collect is carry throughstainless steel pipes
to a tank in theturbine.Finally the water that was obtain
isfiltered and purified,then is ready for useand consume. 34. By:
Ins Garcia Cceres andlvaro Domnguez Larios
