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RESEARCH METHOD IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
GROUP 7 PRESENTS :
Lingga Wardhana (11P2155) M Farhan Lucky (11P2156) Novita Vilianty (11P2160) Prasasti Rinta Dewi (11P2161)
RESEARCH FLOW CHART
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Business Problem Theory
ModelHypothesis
Methodology
Conclusion
Business Impact
“Before doing your research I want to share my dogmas. Methodology is there to make it credible to the reader that
you have planned and carried through your study as well as analysed and drawn conclusions in a way that we can rely on
what you write.”
Professor Christer Karlsson
OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH METHOD IN OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Survey Research
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
The collection of information from individuals about themselves or about the social units to which they belong (Rossi et al., 1983)
Exploratory survey research:Early stages of research into a phenomenon to gain preliminary insight on a topic, and provides the basis for more in-depth survey.
Confirmatory (or theory testing or explanatory) survey researchKnowledge of a phenomenon has been articulated in a theoretical form using well-defined concepts, models and propositions.
Descriptive survey researchUnderstanding the relevance of a certain phenomenon and describing the distribution of the phenomenon in a population.
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
SURVEYS
Advantages & Disadvantages of
Using Surveys
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Advantages : Disadvantages :
a. Relatively short period of
time
b. Less expensive
c. Created quickly &
administered easily
d. Wide range of things :
personal facts, attitudes,
past behaviors and
opinions
a. Poor survey can undermine
otherwise well-designed
studies.
b. May be not accurate
depend on participant feels
c. Response rates can bias in
random sampling
Mail - An example might include an alumni survey distributed via direct mail by your almamater.
Telephone - An example of a telephone survey would be a market research call about your experiences with a certain consumer product.
Online - Online surveys might focus on your experience with a particular retailer, product or website.
At home interviews - The U.S. Census is a good example of an at-home interview survey administration.
Types of Survey Data Collection
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Case Research
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Exploration: To build new theory
Theory Building: To identify linkage between variables, to find out “why” the relationships exist
Theory Testing: Testing theories in previous stage to predict future outcomes
Theory extension/refinement: To better structure the theories in light of the observed results
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Case Research Purpose
When to use case research : when researcher wants to seek phenomenon happen in the past or current with primary or secondary data mining
Developing the research framework, construct, and questions : Building a conceptual framework will force the researcher to think carefully and selectively about the construct and variables to be included in study
Choosing cases : What is the ideal number of cases, longitudinal or retrospectives cases, case selection and sampling, sample controls
Developing research instruments and protocols : broad open ended questions for interviews, single or multiple respondents and viewpoints
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Steps to Conduct Case Research
Conducting the field research : who to contact: better be senior in organizations for easy access to information, field data collection: usage of different methods to study same phenomenon, conducting interviews, single or multiple investigators, collecting objective data, administering questionnaires, recording the data, seeking convergence and clarification, determining sequence (cause and effects), challenges of observers bias, when to stop, summary.
Data documentation and coding : Documentations, coding
Data analysis, hypotesis development and testing : Analysis data within cases , hypothesis development and testing, shaping hypotheses, testing hypotheses, enfolding literature
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Steps to Conduct Case Research
Reliability and Validity in Case Research
Construct Validity : establishment of correct operational measures for the concept being studied
Discriminant Validity : If the construct as measured can be differentiated from other construct
Internal Validity: The extent to which we can establish a causal relationship, where by certain condition are shown to lead to other conditions, as distinguished from spurious relationship
External Validity: Knowing whether a study’s finding can be generalized beyond the immediate case study
Reliability: The extend to which a study’s operations can be repeated, with the same result
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Reliability and Validity in Case Research
Action Research
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
An interactive inquiry process that balances problem solving actions
implemented in a collaborative context with data-driven collaborative analysis or
research to understand underlying causes enabling future predictions about personal
and organizational change
Action Research
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Contrast between Positivist Science & Action Research
Positivist Science Action Research
Aim of research Universal knowledge, theory building and testing
Knowledge in action, Theory building and testing in action
Type of knowledge acquired Universal Covering law ParticularSituational, Praxis
Nature of data Context free Contextually embedded
Validation Logic, measurement Consistency of prediction and control
Experiential
Researcher's role Observer ActorAgent of change
Researcher's relationship to setting
Detached neutral Immersed
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Action Research
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Major Characteristics in Action Research1. Action researchers take action2. AR always involves two goals : solve a problem and
contribute to science3. AR is interactive : the researchers and personnel co-
operation4. AR needs holistic understanding5. AR is fundamentally about change6. AR requires an understanding of the ethical framework7. AR can include all types of data gathering methods
(Qualitative, Quantitative, Interviews and Surveys)8. AR requires a breadth of pre-undersatnding 9. AR should be conducted in real time10.The AR paradigm requires its own quality criteria
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Action Research VS Consulting1. Consultant in AR mode required to be more rigorous in their inquiry
and documentation 2. Researchers require theoretical justifications, while consultants
require empirical justifications3. Consultant work under tighter time and budget constraints4. Consultation is frequently linear - engage, analyse, act and disengage
In contrast, AR is cyclical
Modelling and Simulation
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
History of quantitative model-based OM research For teaching purpose problem in real life were simplified and
formulated, we call it idealized problems e.g. inventory control problems, sequencing and scheduling problems, routing problems, statistical quality control problems and maintenance problem
Idealized Problem Imperfection :• Not the complete reality is included • Cannot be considered as predictive scientific models of operational
processes
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Overview of OM research methodologies using quantitative modeling
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Quantitative Model Research : Survey Research : a. Rational knowledge generation approachb. Based on the assumption that we can build
objective model from real life operational processes
c. Relationship between the variables are described as causal
d. Models can be used to predict the future state
a. Variables is not always defined explicitlyb. Relationship between the variables is not
causal and not quantitative
Axiomatic Modeling Research : Empirical Modeling Research: a. Driven by idealized model (normative
research) b. Explain about the behaviour of certains
variables in the modelsc. Explain about how to manipulate certains
variables in the modelsd. Assuming desired behaviour of still other
variables in the modelse. Heavily leans on mathematics, statistics
and computer science
a. Driven by empirical findings and measurements (descriptive and normative research)
b. Creating a model that adequately describes the causal relationships that may exist in reality
Review of relevant methodological literature
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta
Conceptaulization : design variables in the model Modeling : defining relationships between the variables Model Solving Implementation
Conclusion
Please just doing your thesis! And get graduated
Research Method in Operations Management – Class 21 B Group 7 MM UGM Jakarta