Biology 1744

Spring 2010

Introduction

Taxonomy/ Microscopy Complete Taxonomy Writing assignment quizzes Animal Kingdom Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Clean Lab. Quiz

Summary of Taxonomy

Taxonomy- is the science of classification (categorizing) and nomenclature (naming) for living things.

Organisms are classified according to phylogeny (relation of species, and order of evolution), and then given a binomial name (Genus species).

3 main domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Compound Microscope

Major Components: Oculars (10x) Objective Lenses Fine and Coarse

adjustment knob Condenser (iris) Condenser adjustment

knob Stage

Dissection/Stereo Microscope

Major Structures: Oculars (eyepiece) Focus Lens Light Sources

Animal Kingdom

Multicellular, eukaryotic, ingestive heterotrophs without cell walls

Capable of sexual reproduction Glucose reserves stored as glycogen Nerve and muscle cells/tissues unique to

animals

Animal kingdom

• Criteria used to differentiate between animal groups includes

1. level of organization 2. symmetry 3. body plan

4. embryological development

5. germ tissues present & derived structures

Phylum Porifera

• Porifera = “to bear holes”• sessile, filter feeders • Multicellular• No tissues, nerves, muscles, organs.• Reproduce sexually & asexually• Typically asymmetrical• Heterotrophs or autotrophs?Why?

Porifera (classes)

3 main classes Calcarea- spicules made of calcium.

(Grantia)

Demospongia- spicules contain spongin fibers. (Spongia)

Hexacinellida- spicules made of silica. (Euplectella)

Key terms

Porocytes Amoebocytes Choanocytes Epithelial cells Osculum Spicules Spongocoel mesenchyme

Structure

Assignment

• Pages 388-391. Do all highlighted regions and answer all questions 1-4.

• For procedure 36.1, use only prepared slides• Remember to draw and label on your own paper. • Also use the animal comparison chart

Phylum Cnidaria

Classes2. Hydrozoa (hydras)3. Scyphozoa (jellyfish)4. Anthozoa (corals & anemones)

Cnidaria

Radically symmetrical More complex than Porifera carnivores 2 basic body types: Polyps & Medusae Polyps= sessile/ Medusae=free swimming Classes are classified by the dominance of each

stage respectively. Some alternate between body types =

Polymorphism.

Characteristics

Level of organization = tissue (2); ectoderm and endoderm, held together by gelatinous mesoglea

Symmetry = radial Body plan = sac-like (common opening) Unique features = cnidocytes (stinging

cells) with nematocysts (stinging structure); some exhibit polymorphism in the life cycle

compare

Compare Poriferans with Cnidarias

Body forms: polyp and medusa

Class Hydrozoa

polyp stage dominates Examples: hydra (no medusae) Obelia (polymorphic) physalia (portuguese man-of-war)

(polymorphic) Gonionemus (polymorphic)(large medusae)

Class Scyphozoa (jellyfish)

Medusae dominates the life cycle. Large mesoglea Free swimming Reduced polyp stage Aurelia, Cassiopeia

Class Anthozoa

Anemones Corals (smaller/colonial) Largest class of Cnidarians No medusa stage

Gonionemus

Compare

Name differences between Hydrozoa life cycles and Scyphozoa life cycles

Today’s Activities

Pages 393-399 questions 6-10 and all highlighted procedures.

Afterwards, clean workstations, return slides to boxes, turn off and unplug microscopes, maintain sinks and common areas.

Pre lab #2due 2/5

Read Ex. 37- Phyla Platyhelminthes & Nematoda

1. list characteristics for each phylum 2. list characteristics and representatives for

each platyhelminth class 3. generally describe the life cycle of the

intestinal nematode