Biology 1744
Spring 2010
Introduction
Taxonomy/ Microscopy Complete Taxonomy Writing assignment quizzes Animal Kingdom Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Clean Lab. Quiz
Summary of Taxonomy
Taxonomy- is the science of classification (categorizing) and nomenclature (naming) for living things.
Organisms are classified according to phylogeny (relation of species, and order of evolution), and then given a binomial name (Genus species).
3 main domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Compound Microscope
Major Components: Oculars (10x) Objective Lenses Fine and Coarse
adjustment knob Condenser (iris) Condenser adjustment
knob Stage
Dissection/Stereo Microscope
Major Structures: Oculars (eyepiece) Focus Lens Light Sources
Animal Kingdom
Multicellular, eukaryotic, ingestive heterotrophs without cell walls
Capable of sexual reproduction Glucose reserves stored as glycogen Nerve and muscle cells/tissues unique to
animals
Animal kingdom
• Criteria used to differentiate between animal groups includes
1. level of organization 2. symmetry 3. body plan
4. embryological development
5. germ tissues present & derived structures
Phylum Porifera
• Porifera = “to bear holes”• sessile, filter feeders • Multicellular• No tissues, nerves, muscles, organs.• Reproduce sexually & asexually• Typically asymmetrical• Heterotrophs or autotrophs?Why?
Porifera (classes)
3 main classes Calcarea- spicules made of calcium.
(Grantia)
Demospongia- spicules contain spongin fibers. (Spongia)
Hexacinellida- spicules made of silica. (Euplectella)
Key terms
Porocytes Amoebocytes Choanocytes Epithelial cells Osculum Spicules Spongocoel mesenchyme
Structure
Assignment
• Pages 388-391. Do all highlighted regions and answer all questions 1-4.
• For procedure 36.1, use only prepared slides• Remember to draw and label on your own paper. • Also use the animal comparison chart
Phylum Cnidaria
Classes2. Hydrozoa (hydras)3. Scyphozoa (jellyfish)4. Anthozoa (corals & anemones)
Cnidaria
Radically symmetrical More complex than Porifera carnivores 2 basic body types: Polyps & Medusae Polyps= sessile/ Medusae=free swimming Classes are classified by the dominance of each
stage respectively. Some alternate between body types =
Polymorphism.
Characteristics
Level of organization = tissue (2); ectoderm and endoderm, held together by gelatinous mesoglea
Symmetry = radial Body plan = sac-like (common opening) Unique features = cnidocytes (stinging
cells) with nematocysts (stinging structure); some exhibit polymorphism in the life cycle
compare
Compare Poriferans with Cnidarias
Body forms: polyp and medusa
Class Hydrozoa
polyp stage dominates Examples: hydra (no medusae) Obelia (polymorphic) physalia (portuguese man-of-war)
(polymorphic) Gonionemus (polymorphic)(large medusae)
Class Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
Medusae dominates the life cycle. Large mesoglea Free swimming Reduced polyp stage Aurelia, Cassiopeia
Class Anthozoa
Anemones Corals (smaller/colonial) Largest class of Cnidarians No medusa stage
Gonionemus
Compare
Name differences between Hydrozoa life cycles and Scyphozoa life cycles
Today’s Activities
Pages 393-399 questions 6-10 and all highlighted procedures.
Afterwards, clean workstations, return slides to boxes, turn off and unplug microscopes, maintain sinks and common areas.
Pre lab #2due 2/5
Read Ex. 37- Phyla Platyhelminthes & Nematoda
1. list characteristics for each phylum 2. list characteristics and representatives for
each platyhelminth class 3. generally describe the life cycle of the
intestinal nematode