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Understanding Yourself and Others
Derek Bergeron, Ph.D.Derek Bergeron, Ph.D.Psychologist III Psychologist III CVM Satellite OfficeCVM Satellite OfficeStudent Counseling ServiceStudent Counseling ServiceRoom 060 – CVM TunnelRoom 060 – CVM TunnelTexas A&M University Texas A&M University [email protected]@scs.tamu.edu
4 scales with two dimensions: Extraversion-Introversion Sensing-Intuition Thinking-Feeling Judging- Perceiving
16 total “types” The MBTI is dichotomous (i.e. which one of
these two dimensions is the best fit) The MBTI looks at preferences; a
preference means that there is a tendency to favor one dimension over the other; the MBTI assumes that there WILL be a preference
No combination of preferences or type is “better or worse” than the other
Each type represents a valuable and reasonable way to be – each with it’s own potential strengths as well as likely blind spots
Increased self awareness can help balance our strengths and weaknesses, allowing us to be more comfortable in a variety of settings
Energized by being with others
Center of attention Experience the world Think out loud Easier to “read” Breadth Talker Enthusiastic, fast
paced 75% of population
Energized by being alone
Avoid attention Understand world Think quietly Private Depth Listeners Enthusiasm is kept
to self, contemplative
25% of population
Extraverts Slow down; LISTEN Ask people if they are
busy before talking If someone is silent,
ask what they think Remember some
people need time alone
Monitor yourself for redudancy
Demonstrate active listening
Don’t assume pauses are an invitation
Introverts Make an effort to verbalize Don’t forget to socialize Remember that extroverts
often need to talk Ask questions- use your
listening skills to engage Be clear when you need
space- if possible specify how much time you need
Try and offer thoughts more quickly (prefiltering)
Remember: people can’t read your mind…
Trusts what is certain, concrete
Practical application Realist, common
sense Specific, literal,
detailed Oriented in the
present Down to earth 75% of Americans
Trusts inspiration and inference
New ideas, conceptual
Imagination, creativity
General, figurative, big picture
Oriented toward the future
Head in the clouds 25% of Americans
Sensors Remember that facts
aren’t everything Make an effort to
consider factors other than what is concrete
Consider that a problem/practical limitation doesn’t automatically make an idea invalid; perhaps there is a workaround
Intuitives Consider sticking
to the issue at hand
Be open to examining and critiquing ideas
Provide concrete examples
Work to develop a plan for your ideas
50% of Population 65% of Men Distrust feelings,
fear of being biased
Logical, detached Objective values Justice, clarity Firm-minded Laws, rules
50% of Population 65% of women Feelings are a source
of information Empathic, involved Subjective values Harmony, mercy Compassionate Individual situation,
open to exceptions to the rule
Feeling Be direct, don’t avoid
confrontation Provide balanced
feedback Avoid becoming
overly emotional during a discussion
Remember that criticism can be constructive, and isn’t always destructive
Thinking Allow emotion to
be expressed Personal factors
can be logical to consider
Look for points of agreement
Avoid focusing on only the cons of a situation
Happy when decision is made
Work first, play later Predictable, planned
environment Prefers rules Planning=less stress Structured Satisfied by
completing projects 50% of population
Happy when options are open
Play first, work later Flexible, changing
environment Dislikes rules Planning=more
stress Spontaneous Satisfied by starting
projects 50% of population
Judgers Take more time Be patient Don’t jump to
conclusions Remember: your way
isn’t always best Allow some room for
flexibility Negotiate on plans; if
people are not following your plans, it may in part be because they did not have enough input
Perceivers Decide sooner than
might be preferable Avoid sharing too
many options Negotiate on timelines
and deadlines Avoid making changes
at the last minute on group efforts
Realize that delaying a decision and avoiding plans can be a stressor for others
A visual overview of the 16 typesNote: the descriptions and examples given
are simply illustrative, it is fair to conclude that George Washington never had an opportunity to take the MBTI; the individuals listed with each category are simply individuals that have been identified by others as a likely fit for this personality type
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJDuty Fulfillers Nurturers Protectors ScientistsOrganizers, driven Loyalty, service Gentle, inspiring Independent, curiousGeorge Washington Mother Theresa Gandhi Sir Isaac Newton
ISTP ISFP INFP INTPMechanics Artists Idealists ThinkersJust do it Action, live and let Making life kinder Idea millsClint Eastwood Mozart Mr. Rogers Einstein
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTPDoers Performers Inspirers Visionaries
Risk taking Free spirits; surprise People are the product Progress is the productGeorge W. Bush Bill Clinton Barack Obama Thomas Edison
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJAdministrators Caregivers Persuaders Executives
Responsible, productive Gracious, trusted Eloquence Vision, enthusiasmHillary Clinton Sally Struthers Martin Luther King, Jr. Bill Gates
A satirical take on the 16 types:
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
Thought Police TyrantConspiracy Theorist
Criminal Mastermind
ISTP ISFP INFP INTPVigilante Crackpot Hippie Egghead
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ConmanNational Enquirer Headline Drama Queen Mad Scientist
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJBureaucrat Control Freak Cult Leader Evil Overlord
o You likely have a preferred styleo Being aware of the strengths & limitations of that
style may help you avoid mistakeso You may need to take into account the needs of
others so that they can work better with youo Although you may not change who you
fundamentally are, you can learn to be more flexible, understanding, and develop a wider range of skills; it is certainly possible to go outside of one’s comfort zone on occasion
o Said differently: your preferences might not change drastically, but your comfort level on non-preferred dimensions certainly can be developed
Introvert - 55 Sensation - 84
Thinking - 64 Perceiving - 37
Extravert - 58
Intuition - 29 Feeling - 49 Judging - 76
ISTJ - 24 ISFJ – 10 INFJ - 2 INTJ - 4 ISTP - 3 ISFP - 3 INFP - 4 INTP - 5
ESTJ - 13 ESFJ - 16 ENFJ - 5 ENTJ - 2 ESTP - 11 ESFP - 4 ENFP - 5 ENTP - 2
Introvert - 57 Sensation - 87
Thinking - 64 Perceiving - 42
Extravert - 77
Intuition - 47 Feeling - 70 Judging - 92
Introvert - 67 Sensation - 95
Thinking - 80 Perceiving - 49
Extravert - 63
Intuition - 35 Feeling - 50 Judging - 82
Introvert - 67 Sensation - 88
Thinking - 68 Perceiving - 49
Extravert - 67
Intuition - 46 Feeling - 66 Judging - 85
Introvert– 246 Sensation- 354 Thinking- 276 Perceiving- 177
Extravert– 265 Intuition- 157 Feeling- 235 Judging- 334
ISTJ - 21 ISFJ - 13 INFJ - 4 INTJ - 5 ISTP - 3 ISFP - 4 INFP - 5 INTP - 2
ESTJ - 18 ESFJ - 15 ENFJ - 11 ENTJ - 5 ESTP - 6 ESFP - 7 ENFP - 11 ENTP - 4
ISTJ - 23 ISFJ - 17 INFJ - 5 INTJ - 2 ISTP - 9 ISFP - 2 INFP - 4 INTP - 5
ESTJ - 21 ESFJ - 5 ENFJ - 3 ENTJ - 5 ESTP - 11 ESFP - 7 ENFP - 7 ENTP - 4
ISTJ - 19 ISFJ - 17 INFJ - 5 INTJ - 2 ISTP - 10 ISFP - 4 INFP - 7 INTP - 3
ESTJ - 11 ESFJ - 17 ENFJ - 5 ENTJ - 9 ESTP - 9 ESFP - 1 ENFP - 10 ENTP - 5
ISTJ - 87 ISFJ - 57 INFJ - 16 INTJ - 13 ISTP - 25 ISFP - 13 INFP - 20 INTP - 15
ESTJ - 63 ESFJ - 53 ENFJ - 24 ENTJ - 21 ESTP - 37 ESFP - 19 ENFP - 33 ENTP - 15