Internet Protocol Version 6[IPv6]

Md. Iqbal Hossain shuvo050214

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What is Internet Protocol ?

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.

What is IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next-generation Internet Layer protocol for packet-switched internetworks and the Internet. IPv4 is currently the dominant Internet Protocol version, and was the first to receive widespread use.

New in IPv6

• 128 bits address• IPv6 is that it will solve the problem of the shortage of IP

addresses

• Support for mobile devices

• Built-in security

• Improve packet transmission

• Quality of Service (QoS) and Flow Control fields

Why IPV6?

It supports billions of hosts

Reduce the size of the routing tables

Simplify the protocol, to allow routers to process packets faster

Provide better security

Roam a host without changing its address

Allow the protocol to evolve in the future

Permit the old and new protocols to coexist for years

Difference Between IPv4 and APv6• Simplified header format.

-IPv6 has a fixed length header, which does not include most of the options an IPv4 header can include

• Address extended to 128 bits. -This allows for hierarchical structure of the address space and provides enough addresses for almost every 'grain of sand' on the earth.

• A lot of the new IPv6 functionality is built into ICMPv6 -such as Neighbor Discovery, Auto configuration, Multicast Listener Discovery.

• Enhanced Security and QoS Features

Deployment of IPv6• The Ipv6 protocol will be deployed slowly.

• IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) has specified some transition mechanisms to allow IPv6 networks to co-exist with IPv4 networks .

• There are three basic types of transition mechanisms for the deployment of IPv6 over IPv4 networks.

Dual Stack

Tunneling

Translation

Cost of Deployment

• The deployment of IPv6 is not costly, if the regular upgrading

process includes the implementation of IPv6 as a part of regular

task.

• To deploy IPv6 suddenly in a large corporate network is costly.

• The cost of migrating or deploying IPv6 depends on the network

size, design and the purpose of the network.

• IPv6 deployment is cost savings. Because it reduces network

administration cost, simplify network designs and increase

revenues.

IPv6 Packet Format

The IPv6 packet is composed of two main parts: the header and the payload.

40 bytes 65,355 byte 40 bytes 65,355 byte

Base Header Pay load

Extension headers(optional)

Data from the upper layer

IPv6 Header

Comparing the IPv4 and IPv6 headers

IPv4 Header IPv6 Header

Extension Headers

Summary of Header Changes• 40 bytes

• Address increased from 32 to 128 bits

• Fragmentation and options fields removed from base header

• Header checksum removed

• Header length is only payload(because fixed length header)

• New flow label field

• Alignment changed to 64 bits

• Protocol ->next header (extension header)

• Time to live-> Hop time

IPv6 Addressing

Types of IPv6 Addresses• Unicast

– Identifies a single interface

– Delivery to single interface

• Anycast

– Identifies a set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes

– Delivery to a single “nearest” interface in the set

• Multicast

– Identifies a set of interfaces

– Delivery to all interfaces in the set

• No more broadcast addresses

IPv6 Address Notation

• IPv6 addresses are denoted by eight groups of hexadecimal quartets separated by

colons in between them. Example of a valid IPv6 address: 2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652

• Any four-digit group of zeroes within an IPv6 address may be reduced to a single

zero or altogether omitted. Therefore, the following IPv6 addresses are similar and

equally valid:

2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652 2001:cdba:0:0:0:0:3257:9652 2001:cdba::3257:9652

• The URL for the above address will be of the form: http://[2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652]/

Converting IPv4 to IPv6

Until IPv6 completely supplants IPv4, a number of transition mechanisms are needed to enable IPv6-only hosts to reach IPv4 services and to allow isolated IPv6 hosts and networks to reach the IPv6 Internet over the IPv4 infrastructure.

• Existing IPv4 can be upgraded to IPv6 easily

• IPv4 and IPv6 can communicate each other without changing their

address

• Both versions are compatible to have same infrastructure

IPv6 Transition Mechanisms

• Dual Stack

• Tunneling

• Translation

Dual Stack

It is the most basic mechanism to support the connectivity between IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. This mechanism relies upon all the network nodes which have both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks.

Tunneling

This mechanism works to communicate among the IPv6 nodes. If the network has both IPv4 and IPv6 nodes then this mechanism is used to provide interconnection among IPv6 nodes.

Translation

This mechanism handles the communication from IPv6 nodes to IPv4 nodes or vice versa. The translation mechanism provides a nice solution to the end users but it is a bit complex.

Quality-of-Service(QoS)

• Traffic Classifier

->This is an 8 bit field. This field provides packet level identification to

QoS enabled service tools in the network.

• Flow Label

->This 24 bit field is used to identify a stream of packets from a

source requiring a set of QoS network services

Security

• Transport mode In this mode the security is implemented between remote

systems. But the remote systems must support the IP security features.

• Tunnel mode 1.Security Association

2.Authentication only

3.Encryption and authentication

4.Key management

Controversies

Conclusion

The world is running faster with the help of modern technology. To run with the future world we have to take the state-of-the-art technology and implement those properly. The IPv6 networks are not widely used at this stage. But in the near future the full functional IPv6 network will be deployed for its better security, auto configuration, mobility support and the capability of allocating a huge 128 bit address space. People may hope within 10 to 15 years all of their network enabled devices will get all the advantages of fully functional IPv6 network.

Thanks to All

Any Question ?