INTELLIGENT LUMINANCE DETECTION SYSTEM OF THE HOTEL

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

The proponent has observed many opportunities by automating the light effects

of the hotels and other commercial establishments that offer lodging, food, and other

services to the public. The increasing demand in intelligent automation to most

industries was observed in the past few years particularly in the lodging industry. It is

because of the transition to modernize their structure just to give all the needs of the

customers and to gain competitive advantage over their business rivals.

The root of building of most intelligent automations were explicitly patterned from

the Alan’s Turing principle which was published in 1950, the “Computing Machinery and

Intelligence.” It is seminal paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the concept

of what is now known as the Turing Test. It was designed to provide a satisfactory

operational definition of intelligence. Rather than proposing a long and perhaps

controversial list of qualifications required for intelligence, Turing suggested a test

based on undistinguishability from undeniably intelligent entities-human beings.

Dr. Melquiades R, Hayag, Jr., considered the Alan Turing principle as he applied

in his thesis for Masters, The Deployment of Intelligent Automation in University of the

Immaculate Conception, Davao City and his dissertation ―Intelligent Automation for

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Buildings: An Application of Artificial Intelligence Sensory Approach at St. Paul

University Philippines-Tuguegarao City.

Think of a building that thinks and anticipates situation of the environment on what is

going on. It would be amazing seeing doors open/close in its own as the situation demands.

The light in the receiving area dims or switches on/off depending on the need of the occupant.

The building call the attention of the occupant and the authorities as the intruder breaks in.

(Dr. Hayag, 2005)

The paragraph above was quoted from Dr. Hayag’s discussion about different

applications of intelligent automation to society and people. Those were only few of the

different examples that could be happened through building intelligent systems. In his

research, he used relay and different types of sensors to run his robot and explicitly

followed the Turing principle.

The proponent decided to consider some of the functionality of Dr. Hayag’s

project research and delimited specifically in developing an intelligent system wherein

luminance detection is the concern. It was just that the proponent had observed

problems at the hotels with regards to their lighting structures, that is why he obtained

and utilized some of the functionality, features and sensors in Dr. Hayag‘s project

research. In a huge hotel scenario, the structure of lights was so complex, and mostly

they do not have intelligent application to ensure that these lights were properly used. If

there are lots of customers in the hotel, you need to monitor the proper lighting in most

common areas for customers where they are used to stay like (front-office/front desk,

bar, swimming pool, restaurants and lobby lounge, gym & casino, spa etc) to ensure

that these customers are comfortable with lights as they approach these areas.

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Additionally, without intelligent system to control and monitor the proper usage of these

artificial lights inside the hotel, the power bill increases.

The distribution of lights is very essential in a particular hotel, its quantity and

quality that would satisfy the needs of all concerned individuals. It should be well

planned for this is one way of persuading customers. Part of the plan in constructing the

artificial lights in the hotel should be to include the building of automation. This idea

triggered the proponent to have this study called Intelligent Luminance Detection

System of the Hotel. The sensors would be set-up at the said customers’ common

areas inside the hotel to gather the data and store it in the database to track down the

previous and current activity of the sensors particularly the luminance, for any proper

action depending on the need of the customers. The system would detect the luminance

of these areas through the intelligent sensor devices. This is to monitor if the customers

who are in those areas are well lighted or not.

The proponent used the state of the art Java-based open architecture technology

wireless sensor network base device. It is a comprehensive sensor equipment by the

small wireless sensor network base device. In general, this kind of sensor is very

important in broad range of emerging technology applications.

The proponent strongly believe that if the hotels particularly in the Philippines

would adapt the technology such as this, they could minimize their expenses for they

would not employ many hotel staffs to monitor the lights, reduce power consumption

and avoid conflagration. It provides convenience in the part of the customers in which

one way or another would help them gain competitive advantage over the other existing

hotels.

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Sun (SPOT) Data Receiver

Luminance (Data)

Search UnitWorking Memory

Knowledge Based(PR)

Decision Making

Conflict Resolver

Rule Firing

Sun (SPOT) Data Collector-Transmitter

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Fig1. Production System Diagram (Theoretical Framework)

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This study was based on the principles of Production Systems

(Knowledge Based Architecture Enhanced) and the Cybernetic View of Cognition

that discusses the different mental states of cognition and their relationship a tool for

Artificial Intelligence (By: Dr. Melquiades R. Hayag, Jr. AI, Robotics, KBS, Intelligent

Automation Specialist) .

In the Production System Diagram, the data are based from the level of

luminance captured through the capability of the Sensor (Small Programmable Object

Technology -SPOT) by Sun Micro System as a device used. The captured data would

then be passed through the Working Memory. The data are being held in the WM to

match it with the data stored in the Knowledge Base through the Search Unit. If the

datum captured is matched with one of the data stored in the KB then it would be fired

after making the decision following the rule and adds new data item to WM or delete old

(unnecessary) data, as suggested by the fired rule from the WM.

In case that the datum captured, matches multiple data in the KB, the Conflict

Resolution Strategy is Specificity. The Refractoriness and the Recency cannot be

applied in this purpose. The Specificity is appropriate Conflict Resolution Strategy

considering that, for this study, only the exact and specific data should be matched and

this strategy requires this principle that the rule with more number of antecedent clauses

be fired than rules handling fewer antecedent clauses. Thus, this principle applies in this

study.

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Fig.2 System Implementation Diagram (Conceptual Framework)

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SUN (SPOT)Data Receiver

INTELLIGENT LUMINANCE DETECTION SYSTEM

Intelligent Interfaces

(Results Display in the Monitor)

Hotel IT Staff

Common Areas of the Customers within a Hotel1. Front Desk2. Bar3. Swimming Pool4. Restaurants5. Lobby lounge6. Gym7. Casino8. Spa9. Others

SUN (SPOT)Data Collector-

Transmitter

In this research, the Small Programmable Object Technology or SPOT of Sun

Microsystems is a wireless sensor used by the proponent. This technology would be

installed in the different areas inside the hotel where the customers are usually

spending their time like: (front-office/front desk, bar, swimming pool, restaurants and

lobby lounge, gym & casino, spa etc). The intelligent sensor would perceive the

luminance of the area if it is Deep Twilight, Twilight, Very Dark Day, Dark Day or

Abnormal, and the data would be sent to the server located in a secured and favorable

area of the hotel which is managed by the IT staff assigned by the Hotel Management.

Each of these states of luminance has a corresponding value stored in the database

(knowledge based and will be used following the production rules). The equivalent

action fired depends on the data sensed by the said sensor.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to create an intelligent based system that has a capability of

detecting the luminance of the different areas of the hotel through the use of a wireless

sensor device of Sun Miscrosystems, which is the Small Programmable Object

Technology or SPOT. The proponent is hoping to answer the following questions:

1. Is it possible that the SPOT or wireless sensor network- based device can

sense the luminance from the area it was installed?

2. Is it possible that SPOT or the wireless sensor network-based device can fire

action based from its collected data?

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3. Is it possible that SPOT or wireless sensor network-based device can

handle decisions of data received from wireless transmissions without

human interventions?

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following:

The Hotel Management

The output of the research can really help the Hotel Management in a way

that they can not spend much of their money to employ additional number

of staffs to do the monitoring and checking of the lights all night and all

day long. It also removes the risk of conflagration or cause of burn/fire.

Additionally, it helps them to minimize the power consumption, thus, it

decreases their expenditures.

The Hotel Staff

The output of the research can also give benefits to the hotel staffs for this

can assist them check the usage of the artificial lights. It will intelligently

detect the luminance of the area which will give them information for them

to take proper action.

The Customers of the Hotel

Psychologically, the artificial lights have something to tell the people

compared to the natural lights. In the hotel, if these artificial lights are

properly installed and managed through intelligent system such as this 8

project research, it simply gives them a comfortable atmosphere to stay

and relax.

Scope and Limitation

The study was to come up with an Intelligent Luminance Detection System of

the Hotel wherein the management was open to adapt the new technology. The

specific technologies used were Sun Small Programmable Object Technology

(SPOT) devices, network device, and computer technology (both software and

hardware). This study was delimited to a prototype that is a replica of An Application of

Artificial Intelligence Sensory.

The prototype implementation was further Limited to the following:

1. SPOT Light Sensor – detecting and calculating luminance light of the artificial lights.

2. Simulated System of packet transmission over TCP/IP – the application

software that handles the packet received bytes to readable data from Sun

SPOT Environmental Data Collector Robot and Computes real-time luminance

states.

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Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined theoretically and operationally as used in

this study.

Algorithm - A step-by-step problem solving procedure, especially an established,

recursive computational procedure for solving a problem in a finite number

of steps. (http://www.answers.com)

Application - A set of files that make up the software for the user.

Candela-is the SI base unit of luminous intensity; that is, power emitted by a light source

in a particular direction, weighted by the luminosity function (a standardized

model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths, also

known as the luminous efficiency function. A common candle emits light

with a luminous intensity of roughly one candela. If emission in some

directions is blocked by an opaque barrier, the emission would still be

approximately one candela in the directions that are not obscured.

Desktop Computer- A single-user computer, it typically refers to a PC or Mac, but may

also refer to a workstation from Sun, IBM, etc. Also called "client computer"

or "client" or simply a "desktop," the term implies stationary use,

whether it resides on the top of the desk or under the desk in a tower case.

Luminance - is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light

travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes

through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid

angle.

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Program- To write the lines of code in a program. A collection of instructions that

tell the computer what to do. A program is generically known as

"software" and the programs users work with, such as word.

Recency – requires that the most recent elements of the WM be used up for

instantiating one of the rules

Refractoriness – this strategy requires that the same rule should not be fired more than

once when instantiated with the same set of data. (discard instantiations

from WM)

Server- A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users. Servers come

in all sizes from x86-based PCs to IBM mainframes. A server may have a

keyboard, monitor and mouse directly attached, or one keyboard,

monitor and mouse may connect to any number of servers via a switch.

Sensor - A type of transducer. Direct-indicating sensors, for example, a mercury

thermometer, are human-readable. Other sensors, such as a

thermocouple, only produce an output voltage or other electrical output

which must be interpreted by another device (such as a computer). Most

sensors are electrical or electronic, although other types exist.

Sensor array- A set of several sensors that an information gathering device uses to

gather information (usually directional in nature) that cannot be

gathered from a single source for a central processing unit.

Specificity – requires that the rule with more number of antecedent clauses be fired than

rules handling fewer antecedent clauses

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SPOT - a Sun wireless sensor which stands for a SMALL PROGRAMMABLE OBJECT

TECHNOLOGY

Transmissions- In telecommunications, it is the forwarding of signal traffic over

distances that are too great to be simply connected by a twisted pair wires.

Techniques available now may be microwave link, satellite link, coaxial cable

or fibre optic cable. Most modern transmission is digital.

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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

The proponent discussed every detail of the specific extension of the project

research of Dr. Hayag ―An Application of Artificial Intelligence Sensory with SPOT

Distributed Data System.

Research Design

The proponent has used an Exploratory Research Design (a sub-type of

Experimental Research Design) for the entire study. Exploratory Research Design is

often conducted when a problem is not clearly established as yet or its real scope

is ambiguous. The proponent allows familiarizing himself with the problem or concept to

be studied, a perhaps generate hypotheses to be tested. It is initial research, before

more conclusive research is undertaken.

Exploratory research is informal, relying on secondary research such as

reviewing available literature and/or data, or approaches such as informal discussions

with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and more formal

approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups, prospective methods, case

studies or pilot studies.

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Respondents of the Study

The proponent has chosen several Hotels at Davao City whose managements

are open to adapt Intelligent Automation particularly this kind of technology and the

following are: Marco Polo Hotel, Grand Men Seng Hotel, Mandaya Hotel and Apo View

Hotel.

Instrumentation/Data Gathering Procedure

The proponent has used several fact-finding methods during the information

gathering. The sampling of the existing documentation particularly the standard

operating procedure for the current implementation of the artificial light structures was

gathered. Research and site visits specifically in the official websites they have were

also done to ensure to get some details needed for the requirements analysis. The work

environment was keenly observed. Interviews were also conducted, which is the most

important information gathering technique.

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CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

PART I- PROJECT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Description of the Present System

Most of the hotels in the Philippines do not have the intelligent automation to

manage the artificial lights that they have installed. The present system of monitoring

and controlling of lights of these hotels is simply deploying the additional hotel staffs to

check every now and then if the lights are properly used.

Description of the Proposed System

The proponent has checked the presented data displayed in the screen in

response to what the sensors have sensed or detected, following the production rules

set to execute the data that are in the knowledge based . The data were limited only to

1000 cd/m2 and divided into different ranges that are fitted to the types of luminance,

and the following are:

=<2 -Deep Twilight

=11 -Twilight

=<107 -Very Dark Day

>= 997 -Dark Day

>=998 -Abnormal

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If the sensor senses the luminance that is within the range of =<2 for example

the Deep Twilight will be displayed and so on and so forth depending on the data

gathered by the sensor from the location to the server.

The values greater than or equal to 998 is abnormal because it exceeded already within

the ranges set for it to follow. But the overall data interpretations are also good.

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Passes Data (Sun, SPOT) Sensors

DATA(Luminance-

Different States )

Displays Matched Data (Luminance)

Transmits Data Collected

Data Collector(Sun, SPOT)

Sensor

Data Receiver (Sun, SPOT)

Sensor

Compares Data Received

Input

Output Process

Fig3. Input-Process-Output/Hierarchical-Input-Process-Output

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Luminance(Data)

Passes through Sun (SPOT) Data Collector

Transmitter

System’s Interfaces-

Server

Transmits Data Collected

Transmits Data ReceivedSun (SPOT) Data

ReceiverCompares Data Received to the stored knowledge

Displays Matched Data

Data Data

Data

Data

Data Data Data

Data

Data Data

Stored Knowledge

(Production Rules)

Fig4. Data Flow Diagram of the Project

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PART II -SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

Description and Features of the System

The Intelligent Luminance Detection System of the Hotel will work intelligently to

satisfy the purpose which is to have a well-managed Artificial Lights installed within the

hotel. In the prototype, the proponent used two sensors of SUN the Small

Programmable Object Technology or SPOT and a server (see Physical Design for an

illustration). The send data to server function was composed of comprehensive

algorithm that is responsible for Wireless Portal Robot Data Receiver Server as

decision maker for all distributor servers, this includes Artificial Intelligent function

that they could decide on its own decision. The algorithm function was real-time

computation of Luminance. The procedure was also having real-time environment

status, which is a visual monitoring with actual computation and status of all gathered

data from Wireless Sensor Network-Based Transmitter Device. It shows the capability

of performing luminance monitoring control and it was responsible for detecting

light condition in the environment.

The Java Programming language was used because of its flexibility. This

language is very capable of serving web, desktop and mobile implementations.

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Fig6. Physical Design of the Project

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Functions of the Developed System

The Intelligent Luminance Detection System of the Hotel will work intelligently to

help the Hotel Management to check and balance the usage of the Artificial Lights

which is one of the important structures to be considered within the hotel. It is one way

of persuading costumers to stay, relax and feel comfortable with the ambience.

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CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The proponent in this study indeed tried to develop an Intelligent Luminance

Detection System of the Hotel. This was made from an idea of the proponent because

of several problems found out during his initial investigation of the lighting structures

implementation to most of the hotels. Lodging industry here and abroad is now trying to

adapt the changes of time. In this intelligent system to detect the luminance of an area

is very essential particularly in the huge hotel. It helps all the concerned to become

productive for they can manage well the artificial lights installed for the benefit of the

customers.

This study was implemented to specify the luminance of an area, using the Sun

Small Programmable Object Technology (SPOT), the other term was called Wireless

Sensor Network-Based Device. This device was not available in the Philippines as of

now due to US export restriction. This was acquired through the effort of Dr. Hayag.

Findings

The study was working well during the testing. The proponent set up all the

devices used and run the system. The display shows the data based from the

luminance the sensor has detected from the area where it was installed. The

performance of the system was based also from the stored knowledge served as the

data to be followed during its execution. If the sensor detected =<2 candela per square

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meter, it displays DEEP TWILIGHT, =<11 for TWILIGHT, <=107 for VERY DARK DAY,

<=997 for DARK DAY and >=998 for abnormal, it is abnormal considering the designed

was being limited to that candela per square meter. These data are very useful for the

hotel management for them to know the luminance of an area if it has lighted well for

the customer’s satisfaction.

Conclusion

Based on the output of the study, the proponent concludes that the Intelligent

Luminance Detection System of the Hotels set intelligently to help the hotel

management in managing their artificial lights, since it gives them timely information of

the current luminance of the area, they would then be able to attend the customer’s

needs.

Recommendation

The Intelligent Luminance Detection System has been created and functioned

like a very basic intelligent system, but concepts applied were solid for future

development. The proponent recommends the following for further development and

acceptance of the lodging Industry:

1. Actual implementation of the system in the hotel to see its usefulness.

2. Every hotel must have and IT division to check and maintain the different

technologies installed, especially the artificial lights managed by an intelligent

system.

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3. Centralized the structure of implementation to fully monitor the luminance of

the different areas within the hotel.

4. To acquire more powerful Sun SPOT to perform the purpose in wide areas

like a hotel.

5. Add other algorithm that allows AI capability of SPOT widen the range of

decision making and assessment for every gathered data.

6. Add triggering features to take intelligent action that will fit the to customers’

need in a particular area of the hotel based on the detected luminance

through the use of intelligent devices.

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REFERENCES

Dr. Melquiades R. Hayag, Jr., Intelligent Automation for Buildings: An Application of

Artificial Intelligence Sensory Approach, 2009 DIT. Dissertation Documents

Dr. Melquiades R. Hayag, Jr., The Deployment of Intelligent Automation in the

University of the Immaculate Conception, 2005 MSIT. Master’s theses

David Flanagan, JAVA IN A NUTSHELL a Desktop Quick Reference, Third Edition,

1999.

Mr. Eric P. Lozarita, Wireless Sensor Network-Based Distributed Data System:

Application to Artificial Intelligence, 2009 MSIT. Master’s Thesis

Elliotte Rusty Harold, Java Network Programming, 3rd Edition, October 2004.

David Flanagan, JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 5th Edition, August 2006.

David Flanagan, JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 4th Edition, November 2001.

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