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Human Geography Jerome D. Fellmann Mark Bjelland Arthur Getis Judith Getis

Fellmann11e ch7

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Page 1: Fellmann11e ch7

Human Geography

Jerome D. FellmannMark BjellandArthur GetisJudith Getis

Page 2: Fellmann11e ch7

Human Geography

Chapter 7

Folk and Popular Culture:

Diversity and Uniformity

Insert figure 7.21

© 1997 IMS Communications Ltd/Capstone Design. All Rights Reserved

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Human Geography 11e

Folk Culture

• Folk and Popular Culture: Polar Opposites?

• Folk Life• Collective heritage of

institutions• Stable and close knit• Usually a rural

community

• Tradition controls• Resistance to change• The homemade and

handmade dominate in tools, food, and music

Buildings erected without architect or blueprint

• Use of locally available building materials

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Human Geography 11e

Material Culture• Physical, visible

things• Tools, buildings,

instruments, and furniture

• Collectively material culture comprises the built environment

Non-Material Culture• The intangible part• Mentifacts• Sociofacts• Oral traditions• Songs• Customary behavior

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Human Geography 11e

Anglo American Hearths

• Brief History• Regional Settlements• Early European

colonists established footholds along the East Coast

• European settlement areas became cultural hearths

• Relocation of concepts and artifacts from Europe

• Early European colonists brought with them clear ideas of what tools they needed, how they should fashion their clothes, cook their food, and practice their religion

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Human Geography 11e

Anglo American Hearths• European material and nonmaterial culture

frequently underwent immediate modification in the New World– Climates and soils were often different from

their homelands– European colonists modified tools and

ideas as they adapted and adjusted to different materials and terrains

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Human Geography 11e

Folk Building Traditions• Native rural societies established types of

housing, means of construction, and use of materials appropriate to their economic and family needs and materials available to them

• Vernacular houses are traditional, with no formal plans

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Human Geography 11e

Folk Building Traditions1. The Northern Hearths

– The Lower St. Lawrence Valley

– Southern New England

2. The Middle Atlantic Hearths– The Delaware

Valley– Chesapeake Bay

3. The Southern Hearths• The Southern

Tidewater• The Mississippi Delta

4. Interior and Western Hearths

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Human Geography 11e

Architectural DiffusionsThree Source Regions1. New England

Vernacular houses are heavily framed structures with steep roofs and massive central chimneys

2. Middle AtlanticThe most influential of the North American housing stylesLog cabins, later carried into Appalachia

2. Middle AtlanticThe one room deep I house with two rooms on each floorTwo-story floor plan with four rooms on each floor

3. SouthernHeat and humidity were an environmental problem requiring distinctive housing solutions

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Human Geography 11e

The Passing of Folk Cultural Regionalism

• Decline during 20th century• Urban – Rural contrasts • Widespread adoption of new

inventions

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Human Geography 11e

Popular Culture

• Urban• Ever changing• The general mass of people• Global uniformity

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Human Geography 11e

Patterns of Popular Culture

• Popular versus mass culture

• Placelessness– The replacement of

local identity and variety with a homogeneous and standardized landscape

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© Michael Dwyer/Stock Boston

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Human Geography 11e

National Uniformities and Globalization

• International standardization

• Expanding markets• Appeal to local tastes• Local resistance

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Jon C. Malinowski/Human Landscape Studio

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Human Geography 11e

The Shopping Mall

• Consumption as a way of life

• Changing trends: Enclosed malls versus lifestyle centers

• Quick diffusion of fashion and style

• Big box stores

Regional Patterns of Popular Culture

• Sports: viewing and participation

• Drink and music• Globalization of

Reggae• Vernacular regions