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Human Geography
Jerome D. FellmannMark BjellandArthur GetisJudith Getis
Human Geography
Chapter 7
Folk and Popular Culture:
Diversity and Uniformity
Insert figure 7.21
© 1997 IMS Communications Ltd/Capstone Design. All Rights Reserved
Human Geography 11e
Folk Culture
• Folk and Popular Culture: Polar Opposites?
• Folk Life• Collective heritage of
institutions• Stable and close knit• Usually a rural
community
• Tradition controls• Resistance to change• The homemade and
handmade dominate in tools, food, and music
Buildings erected without architect or blueprint
• Use of locally available building materials
Human Geography 11e
Material Culture• Physical, visible
things• Tools, buildings,
instruments, and furniture
• Collectively material culture comprises the built environment
Non-Material Culture• The intangible part• Mentifacts• Sociofacts• Oral traditions• Songs• Customary behavior
Human Geography 11e
Anglo American Hearths
• Brief History• Regional Settlements• Early European
colonists established footholds along the East Coast
• European settlement areas became cultural hearths
• Relocation of concepts and artifacts from Europe
• Early European colonists brought with them clear ideas of what tools they needed, how they should fashion their clothes, cook their food, and practice their religion
Human Geography 11e
Anglo American Hearths• European material and nonmaterial culture
frequently underwent immediate modification in the New World– Climates and soils were often different from
their homelands– European colonists modified tools and
ideas as they adapted and adjusted to different materials and terrains
Human Geography 11e
Folk Building Traditions• Native rural societies established types of
housing, means of construction, and use of materials appropriate to their economic and family needs and materials available to them
• Vernacular houses are traditional, with no formal plans
Human Geography 11e
Folk Building Traditions1. The Northern Hearths
– The Lower St. Lawrence Valley
– Southern New England
2. The Middle Atlantic Hearths– The Delaware
Valley– Chesapeake Bay
3. The Southern Hearths• The Southern
Tidewater• The Mississippi Delta
4. Interior and Western Hearths
Human Geography 11e
Architectural DiffusionsThree Source Regions1. New England
Vernacular houses are heavily framed structures with steep roofs and massive central chimneys
2. Middle AtlanticThe most influential of the North American housing stylesLog cabins, later carried into Appalachia
2. Middle AtlanticThe one room deep I house with two rooms on each floorTwo-story floor plan with four rooms on each floor
3. SouthernHeat and humidity were an environmental problem requiring distinctive housing solutions
Human Geography 11e
The Passing of Folk Cultural Regionalism
• Decline during 20th century• Urban – Rural contrasts • Widespread adoption of new
inventions
Human Geography 11e
Popular Culture
• Urban• Ever changing• The general mass of people• Global uniformity
Human Geography 11e
Patterns of Popular Culture
• Popular versus mass culture
• Placelessness– The replacement of
local identity and variety with a homogeneous and standardized landscape
Insert figure 7.24
© Michael Dwyer/Stock Boston
Human Geography 11e
National Uniformities and Globalization
• International standardization
• Expanding markets• Appeal to local tastes• Local resistance
Insert figure 7.22
Jon C. Malinowski/Human Landscape Studio
Human Geography 11e
The Shopping Mall
• Consumption as a way of life
• Changing trends: Enclosed malls versus lifestyle centers
• Quick diffusion of fashion and style
• Big box stores
Regional Patterns of Popular Culture
• Sports: viewing and participation
• Drink and music• Globalization of
Reggae• Vernacular regions