Advances in TLUD and Other Micro-gasifierStoves During 2014

( TLUD refers to “Top-Lit UpDraft” micro-gasification )

Juntos Energy Solutions, NFPAwamu Biomass Energy Ltd (Uganda)

Paul S. Anderson PhD

“Dr TLUD” ( Doc Tee-lud ) psanders@ilstu.edu

A Presentation at 2015 ETHOS ConferenceSeattle-Kirkland, WA, USA 23-25 January 2015

Paal was one of the two independent originators of what is now known as TLUD

(Top-Lit UpDraft) Micro-gasification.

Forever appreciated!!

Presentation dedicated to the memory of PaalWendelbo, who

passed away in 2014.

Abstract (Enhanced)• Numerous advances in TLUD and other micro-gasifiier

cookstoves occurred in 2014 and six have their own presentations at the ETHOS 2015 conference.

• This presentation is an overview of thirteen additional work and status reports that otherwise would not be presented.

– One or a few slides from several TLUD stove projects,

– Wide range of diversity of approaches and underlying issues are seen on a world-wide basis.

• The presenter has done some editing to organize the inputs of what the contributors have provided.

• The oral presentation of over 40 slides is very rapid. This digital document with full details is at www.drtlud.com

Presentations with TLUD or Micro-gasification Content at

ETHOS 2015• Aprovecho Research Center

• Colorado State University

• Anamol Pundle from CSU, PhD research

• GIZ – Roth’s “Micro-gasification:…” manual

• Julian Winter

• Kirk Harris

• Look for others in the final program.

Manual by Roth for GIZ(Revision released in 2014)

Micro-gasification: Cooking with Gas from Biomass

• Should be considered Required Reading for anyone working with micro-gasification in cookstoves.

• Available via the Internet at several sites, including www.drtlud.com

TLUD-ND Stoves with

Natural Draft

Prime Cookstoves -- Indonesia

Prime Cookstoves -- Indonesia 2014 Summary

Clean Stove Initiative Results for Prime Square Regular Fuelwood Efficiency: 1 star CO emissions: 3 stars PM emissions: 3 stars

Background

Prime Cookstoves AS is a company established by Differ AS and Dr. M. Nurhuda in 2013 to internationalize and scale up sales of Nurhuda’s TLUD gasifier stoves (UB-03), which utilizes pre-heating, counter-flow burning mechanism and co-firing. Prime Cookstoves manufactures its stoves in Indonesia and exports these globally.

Products

Prime Square Regular Fuelwood Prime Square Regular Granular (pellets) Large version of the square design to be released in 2015 Cylindrical version to be phased out

Sales

Prime Square Regular Fuelwood: 4,200 units Prime Square Regular Granular (pellets): 2,200 units Other models: 500 units Accumulated sales (2013-2014): > 8,000Approximately 70% of these stoves have already been sold on to end-users by Prime’s distribution partners on commercial terms.

Markets Indonesia, Zambia, South Africa, Senegal, other countries in SEA and Africa Samples sold to more than 20 different countries worldwide Ongoing pilot projects in new potential markets.

Capacity

Outsourcing at high precision manufacturing facilities expected operational from Q2 2015

Capacity of up to 40,000 units per month

Lessons learnt and way forward

For more information: E-mail: camilla.fulland@primestoves.com Website: www.primestoves.com

Growth Prime seeks strong distribution partners in key markets in Asia and Africa for long term collaboration.

Financing

The lack of suitable loan facilities for cash-constrained distribution partners is a major barrier for scaling up operations. Distributors commonly sell the cookstoves to end-users utilizing various financing schemes (instalments etc.). As the total financial outlay will only be collected several months later, distributors are unable to purchase new cookstoves on a regular basis and risk running out. Differ and Prime are crafting solutions to deal with distributors' initial cashflow needs through financing as well as other ways to gradually scale up deliveries.

Pricing

Land transportation costs are a main barrier for exporting to distributors in land-locked countries in Africa - can more than triple the per unit shipping cost

Prime has supported long-term distribution partners by finding flexible solutions for minimizing shipping costs such as optimizing container usage. In 2015, Prime will explore flatpacking and local assembly, aiming to increase the quantity in a 20’’ container from 1,000 to 2,000 units.

The Prime Square TLUD has successfully met the three criteria (fuel efficiency, low emissions of CO and PM) of the Indonesian Clean Stove Initiative (CSI) and is elegible for an Indonesian government subsidy in the two selected pilot areas.

Markets

The granular stove, which is mainly being used for woodpellets or rice husk pellets, has been increasingly popular in 2014, due to ease of use (no chopping of wood needed), smokeless burn, long cooking time, as well as it being suitable for more urban areas where end-users are accustomed to paying for the energy needs. The fuelwood version is mainly sold in rural areas.

Products End-users are more positive towards Prime Square Biomass Cookstove than the cylindrical design 2015: Cylindrical design will be phased out and Prime will release the square stove in a large version (for

households of 6-8 members).

Low Emission Enterprises (LEE) ProjectPT. Ditana Energy Solutions -- Indonesia

In 2013, Differ received co-funding from USAID and the Walton Family Foundation under Conservation International's Sustainable Landscape Partnership (SLP) program in North Sumatera, Indonesia, to develop and establish PT. Ditana Energy Solutions (Ditana), a financially sustainable distribution company for clean and efficient Prime cookstoves in North-Sumatra, Indonesia. Differ is distributing and selling the fuel-efficient cookstoves under the Low Emission Enterprises Project (LEE) on SLP in collaboration with Kopernik, an Indonesian NGO.

Stoves are not subsidised – Ditana will be a commercial enterprise

Background

Project started on 1 November 2013

1,750 stoves sold to date 16 full-time staff More than 100 local retailers have signed up: individual agents and group agents

(cooperatives, formal/informal associations) Stove models sold: Prime Square Regular Fuelwood (95%) and Prime Cylindrical Large

Fuelwood (5%).

About LEE Project

Local agents purchase from LEE/Ditana, then resell the stoves with a margin LEE/Ditana provides a recommended retail price but the market determines the end-user price LEE/Ditana recruits agents, provides technical training and marketing support, logistics

Sales system

LEE Ditana Distribution System

Individual agents: Upfront cash or 3-months’ installment system Group agents: Upfront cash or 6-month installment system with consignment Payment default rate on installments to date: < 1%

Purchasing methods

Fuelwood savings: 57% Monetary savings per household per week: > USD 2.5 Payback time for the Prime cookstove: < 3 months Time saving for cooking : 30 min/day Time saved on fuelwood collection: 8 hrs/household per week

Preliminary Impact Assessment results (Dec 2014)

Installment payment system needed to mirror financing offered by agents to the end-user to ensure reordering and remove financing bottleneck

Strict procedures for payment collection are extremely time consuming but highly necessary

Lessons learnt

Ditana seeks equity, debt or grant funding for expanding operations to other parts of Indonesia beyond 2015Financial needs

For more information email lincoln.rajali@ditanagroup.com

Photos of Prime Square TLUD-ND --Indonesia

• Establishing production of the Troika Bingwa, now with a contracted producer.

• Working with agencies [SNV, GIZ, UNACC, BEETA, CREEC] to establish TLUD gasifiers in Uganda stove programs, including trade fairs and expositions.

• Award by SEED (low carbon category)

Moto (Mwoto) TLUD-NDBy ACON (Salim Shaban) Western Kenya

• 18,000 stoves sold over two year period,

• 25,000 local farmers trained on application and utilization of biochar,

• 900 stoves being manufactured per month,

• 13 artisans trained in how to make Moto stoves,

• Moto stove users reported using roughly 1/3 less wood compared to traditional stoves,

• Email: ctkbungoma@gmail.com

ServalsChennai, India

• Continuing manufacture and sales of the Champion TLUD.

• Project in Sunderbans region in West Bengal mangrove forest, in cooperation with Atmosfair, a European NGO with carbon credit arrangements.

• Also working on some new designs.

• E-MAIL : servalsmds@gmail.com

Home Energy Systems Ltd in Zambia

• Production of cookstove fuel: Pellets

• Assembly of cookstoves: Peko Pe flatpacks

• Sale of cookstove fuel and cookstoves

Home Energy Ltd / Miombo AS --Zambia• In the pilot project, 3

Peko Pe cookstove models are offered. – One in stainless steel

– One in mild steel, painted black (USD 15)

– One in mild steel unpainted

With 6 weeks of selling some 60 stoves are sold. The only marketing tool is a sign at the sales outlet. At the time, all marketing is by «word of mouth». This to test the effect of this marketing tool. Marketing will be scaled up as the pilot progress.

Email to Jan Sørensen: jan@miombo.no

TLUD-FAStoves with

Fan Assistance

Eco ChulaAlpha Renewable Energy Ltd

Guijarat, India

This appears to be the same manufacturer of the Reed Woodgas Campstove that is no longer available outside of India. Attempts to communicate have not yet been successful. Price information is not available. Website: www.ecochula.co.in

Three components:

• Pot stands: Either 3 pot supports or a Stove Frame (lower photo)

• TLUD gasifier body(reactor)

• Fan-Assisted Air Base, known as the FAAB™ unit, as in FAABulous™

– Separate from the gasifier body.

– Circular (above) or rectangular.

– Incl. fan, speed controller, wire to external battery / power supply.

FAABulous™ TLUD-FA Cookstoveby Khaya Power – South Africa

FAAB air base with Stove Frame, and in operation with Juz Box power source.

Notes about electrical power requirements:

• Only a couple of Watts are needed, 12 v or 5 v.

• Full & local grids and battery systems.

• The primary product and service of Khaya Power is an intelligent battery management system called the Juz Box Intelligent Power Pack. The TLUD-FA gasifier stoves help market the Juz Box.

FAABulous™ TLUD StoveAdvantages

• Separate stove frame (pot support) for ease of inserting TLUD gasifier units.

• TLUD gasifier units manufactured with industrial qualities and quantities of “tincanium” container production.

• Separate Air Base with easy maintenance.

• Low-cost to be under US$20.

• Contact: Website: khayapower.co.za Email: dave@khayapower.co.za

Rice Husk Fuel in FA-TLUDS

• Several efforts are underway and focused on South-East Asia.

Source: Do Duc Tuong, 2012

Rice husk gasifier stoves tested bySNV in Vietnam in 2013

Rua TLUD-FA-RH Stove• Original Rua TLUD-FA.

Production in Rua, near Hanoi, VN.

• Sold several tens of thousands of stoves (not verified yet) at <US$ 15.

• Questions of longevity.

• People use the char in soil.

• Modified versions by SNV-VN, NovoTera (Canadian), and Joe James (USA).

JJQUAD Stove Improvements to Ruaby Joseph James

• 1. Optimized primary and secondary air hole ratio that greatly improved the emissions performance.

• This stove has forced air (fan assisted) secondary air, as does the Ruastove.

JJQUAD Stove Improvements to Ruaby Joseph James of Akron, Ohio

• 2. A plastic controllable air valve that encases the fan. It improves control at low power by operating at a constant voltage, with air controlled by a physical valve.

JJQUAD Stove Improvements to Rua

• 3. A “bowl” has been inserted into the burner top to deflect the combustion gases toward the outer edge to go through the secondary air.

• Test units are being made in Vietnam.

• Contact Joe James at:

jjquad@gmail.com

• Website: jjquad.com

The new improved TLUD-FA-RH gasifier stove (Info by SNV-Vietnam)

Some features

• Long lifespan: up to 18 months

• Stainless steel construction

• Cooking time: 40-50mins

• Fuel use: 1.4kg/batch

• Inner combustion chamber is replaceable, 1 year guarantee

• Better fan performance, 6 months guarantee

• Price: ~US$35.

• Uses the Belonio-style combustor based on modest pressure inside the fuel chamber.

• Does not have fan-assisted secondary air supply.

Mass-production of improved gasifier stove

Rice husk gasifier stove - Results Slide provided by SNV - Vietnam

Developing a brand name for the improved stoveThe new improved gasifier stove - finished product

Video:http://www.bepsach.com.vn/p/start.htmlSource of info, and stove design assistance provided by SNV – Vietnam

Marketing and sales in local retail stores in Vietnam.

• By NovoTera (Canadians Dylan Maxwell and Olivier Kolmel), with efforts in Vietnam.

• Designs and prototypes combining TLUD and Rocket combustion.

• Email: info@novotera.ca

• Websites: novotera.ca & http://planetstove.com

Planetstove

Carbon Neutral Commons (CNC)and Alexis Belonio -- Philippines

• Rice husk gasifierstoves with continuous feed and auto-collection and dousing of char.

• Two models: Single-burner and double-burner.

Website: www.carbonneutralcommons.orgEmail: info@carbonneutralcommons

Considerable Missing Data• Although reporting here on several significant

efforts, information is lacking from several entities.

• Several companies in China.

• Some additional companies in India and Indonesia.

• Some projects in Africa.

• Micro-gasifiers in Mongolia with low-grade coal as fuel.

Dr TLUD’s Internet Presence

Website: drtlud.com

Email: psanders@ilstu.edu

YouTube (Videos): youtube.com/user/drtlud

SlideShare (PowerPoint Slideshows): slideshare.net/bitmaxim

Facebook (unused at present): facebook.com/DrTLUD

Twitter (unused at present): @drtlud (twitter.com/drtlud)

Biomass Cooking Stoves Mailman List (“Stoves Listserv”):lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/stoves_lists.bioenergylists.org

This web page has links to the Stoves Archive and the Improved Biomass Cooking Stoves website, as well as a subscription form for visitors who want to become list members.

drtlud.com

• Primarily a news and resource-sharing venue. • Not a blog or discussion venue, although visitor

comments are welcome.• Dr TLUD’s discussion venue is the Stoves Listserv (see

previous slide).• The Resources page (drtlud.com/resources) is, for

many, the centerpiece of the website. Here, visitors find a searchable and ever-growing collection of online resources about TLUDs and TLUD Technology (PDF paper publications, videos, slideshows, spreadsheets, website URLs, etc).

• The resource collection is continually updated with new content – this includes all publications of the former Biomass Energy Foundation (BEF).

Sharing TLUD Resources

• In 2013 and 2014, the Dr TLUD website generally had 150-300 visitors per day from every major country in the world.

• As we continue to update and grow the website in 2015 and beyond, we will host and/or link to many, many more TLUD-related resources. Our goal is to be the first-choice destination for finding TLUD-related content that is:a) Freely available, centrally-organized, easily-searched, andb) Open for content creators who want to share their papers, videos,

slideshows, images, spreadsheets, drawings, and external links to similar resources where they exist elsewhere on the web.

• We invite visitors to send an email to admin@drtlud.com to submit new or existing TLUD-related content for inclusion on the website as a new resource. Submissions of files (PDF, PPTX, MP4, etc) should also include the author’s or publisher’s permission to upload and share. For items already uploaded and available elsewhere on the web, please send us a link. We also welcome links to relevant blog posts, articles, informative websites, and the like.

Developer CreditAll preparation, conversion, and tagging (indexing) of resources is handled by James S. Schoner, the Dr TLUD website administrator and developer. James also administers the Dr TLUD YouTube and Slideshare accounts for videos and slideshows (respectively).

James lives in Phoenix, Arizona and is interested in doing additional technical work in the Stove and Biocharcommunities. Anyone with online technical needs is invited to contact him by email: jss@bitmaxim.comAdditional information can be found on his business website: bitmaxim.com

Stove Camps and Research

• TLUD technology featured at Stove Camp at Aprovecho in July 2014.

• Stove Camp in Kenya by Christa Roth and Elisha …..

Making Charcoal with TLUD Stoves

• This is certainly possible.

• This continues to be a topic of discussion because of the differences in perception of the value of biochar for soil amendment.

• Is the energy value of char allowed to offset the calculations of ENERGY efficiency and also of FUEL efficiency?

• Contact persons include Art Donnelly art.donnelly@seachar.org

Conclusion• This review of TLUD activities during 2014 has

not included the major studies that are being reported at this ETHOS conference. See those other presentations.

• The volume and quality of activities about TLUD technology continues to increase every year, suggesting that 2015 will also be highly productive.

• Stay up to date about TLUD technologies at www.drtlud.com