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Future of Energy Summit
MaRS Discovery District
Toronto, Canada Dan Rastler
Electric Power Research Institute
Electric Energy Storage Systems for the Electric Enterprise Trends and Opportunities
Presented by:Mark TinklerPrincipal Energy ConsultantEmerging Energy Options
June 8, 2012
2© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Takeaways
• Key Technical Challenges in the Electric Enterprise offer New Business Opportunities
• The Evolving Smart Grid Landscape is a channel to new products and services; business models
• Energy Storage Solutions / Services are a key thread and part of this evolving landscape;
• Opportunities for the right enabling technology(ies), services solution(s), providers, business model(s)
• Global markets vary & require different solutions
• Barriers and economics are also challenging – but that is why there is the opportunity for Innovation!
5© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Help Move Technologies to the Commercialization Stage…
EPRI’s Role…
Technology Accelerator!
7© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Strategic Technical Issues in the Electric Enterprise
Long-TermOperations
SmartGrid
EnergyEfficiency
Near ZeroEmissions
Water ResourceManagement
Renewable Resourcesand Integration
Solutions and services in each of these areas are potential growth & new business opportunities
8© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Today’s Power System …is Evolving, Creating New Opportunities for Products and Services
Central generation, one-way power flow, passive consumersCentral generation, one-way power flow, passive consumers
9© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tomorrow’s Power System …will require expertise and know how in a variety of disciplines/services
Distributed generation & Storage, two-way power flow, Distributed generation & Storage, two-way power flow,
10© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Drivers and Opportunities for Electric Energy Storage Solutions in the U.S.
• Managing increased wind and PV penetration on the grid • Increased need for flexible grid: Ancillary Services, balancing • Transmission and Distribution grid asset management
– Managing grid peaks, T&D capital deployment, outage mitigation • High penetration of distributed PV systems on the grid• Enhancing the value of a Smart Grid: peak energy management;
end-use energy management.
11© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
ThermalStorage
Bulk Storage
The Roles of Storage on the GridUtility or customer side of meter; central to distributed; “silent & clean capacity“;
energy management when and where it is needed.
V2G
Ancillary Services
DistributedStorage
DistributedStorage
ResidentialStorage
CommercialStorage
Emerging Energy Options E2OSource: Sandia Report: Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid, Feb ruary 2010
Categorizing Energy Storage Applications
Emerging Energy Options E2OSource: Sandia Report: Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid, Feb ruary 2010
Application-Specific Benefits and Market Potential (US)
14© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Technology Trends and ReadinessElectric Energy Storage Options
Research Development Demonstration Deployment Mature Technology
Time
Ant
icip
ated
Lev
el o
f RD
&D
Inve
stm
ent
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
Pumped Hydro
Flow Batteries
Left end of arrow indicates current status;Right end of arrow indicates estimated 2020 development level.
Nano-capacitors
Flywheels
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
Super-capacitors
Adiabatic CAES
2nd Generation
NaS
Li-ion
Lead AcidAdvanced Lead Acid
ZnCl FeCr ZnBr
Adv Li / metal Zn / Air
Na-ion
NaNiCl2
1st Generation
16© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Energy Storage Demonstrations in the U.S. Planned or Underway – List is Not Complete
SMUD 500 kW / 3 MWh ZnBrSacramento, CA (Premium Power)
SMUD 5 kW / 9 kWh Li-ion(Saft)
25 kWh Li-ionBerkeley, CA (Seeo)
Amber Kinetics FlywheelFremont, CA (LLNL)
PG&E 300 MW Adv. CAESKern County, CA (EPRI)
250 kW / 1 MWh Iron / Chrome flow battery Modesto, CA (Ktech Corp )
SCE 8 MW / 32 MWh Li-ionTehachapi, CA (A123)
PNM Adv, Lead AcidAlbuquerque, NM (East Penn)
PJM 20 MW FlywheelChicago, IL (Beacon)
KCP&L Li-ionKansas City, MO (Dow Kokam, Siemens)
DTE 500 kW / 250 kWh Li-ionMI (A123)
AEP 2 MW Li-ion for CESOH (International Battery, S&C)
Carnegie Melon Na IonPittsburgh, PA (Aquila)
NGrid 500 kW / 3 MWh ZnBrSyracuse, NY (Premium Power)
NYSEG 145 MW Adv. CAESWatkins Glen, NY (EPRI)
SustainX 1 MW / 4 MWhIsothermal CAES MA / NH
NGrid 500 kW / 3 MWh ZnBrEverett, MA (Premium Power)
DTE 500 kW / 250 kWh Li IonMA (A123)
Duke 20 MW TBD Wind SupportNotrees, TX
25 MW Zn-Air Flow BatteryModesto, CA (Primus)
PJM 3MW Adv Lead AcidLyon Station, PA (East
Penn, Ecoult)
Xcel Energy 1.5 MW / 1.0 MWDenver, Co (Xtreme Power)
25 kW / 50 kWh NaNiCl2(FIAMM)
PG& E NaS Battery(NGK)
Vanadium ReDox(Prudent Energy)
17© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
UCSD: 15 kWh(Sanyo)
SMUD: 5kW / 9kWh(Saft)
HECO: 5 kW / 20 kWh(GreenSmith)
HECO: 1 MW / 15 min(Altairnano)
Southern Co: 60 kW / 240 kWh(GreenSmith TS)
Progress Energy: 5 kW/ 20 kWh(GreenSmith TS)
AES: 1 MW / 250 kWh(Altairnano)
NYPA: 1 MW / 250 kWh(Ultralife Corp)
SCE: 8 MW / 32 MWh(A123)
DTE: 500 kW (A123)
AEP: 2 MW(Int’l Battery)
KCPL: 1 MW(Dow Kokam)
Battery OEMs• A123Systems• AltairNano• EnerDel• Saft• Dow Kokam• International Battery• GreenSmith /
Thundersky• Sanyo• Ultralife• Electrovaya• Kokam• Boston Power
Auto Major Contract No Auto Contract
*Size of star indicates scale of demo
Current / Planned U.S. Li-ion Demonstrations List is Not Complete
SCE: distributed Li-ion systems, 10 kWh
each(LG Chem)
APS: 0.5 MW(Electrovaya, ABB)
Duke Energy: 25 kW & 250 kW (Kokam)
Field Trials of Li-ion Systems has Accelerated in the past 2 years
Southern Co: 25 / 75 kWh(RW Beckett)
19© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Present Value Installed Cost in $/kWhAccounting for both capital and operating costs
Notes: All costs in 2012$; Costs will vary significantly based on site-specific conditions;
Financials: IOU ownership; 15 year life; $30/MWH off-peak charging costs; natural gas @ $3/MBtu for CAES
20© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Value of StoragePresent value of benefits expressed in $/kWh is a proxy for total allowable installed cost
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
$1,800
$2,000
Target High Target High Target High Target High Target High
CAISO ERCOT ISONE NYISO PJM
PV $
/kW
h of
Ene
rgy
Stor
age System Capacity
VAR Support
Distribution Losses
Defer Dist. Investment
Voltage Support
Power Reliability
In ISO NE, there may be a few places where storage costing up to $650/kWh is justified.
But in most places in ISO NE, storage must cost less than $350/kWh to be justified.
21© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Value of Storage
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
$1,800
$2,000
Target High Target High Target High Target High Target High
CAISO ERCOT ISONE NYISO PJM
PV $
/kW
h of
Ene
rgy
Stor
age
Regulation
System Capacity
VAR Support
Distribution Losses
Defer Dist. Investment
Voltage Support
Power Reliability
Regulation services offer a way to improve value…
…assuming storage is allowed to bid into the market
22© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Opportunities in the Energy Storage Value Chain
• Anode
• Cathode
• Electrolyte
• Packaging
• New enabling materials
System Integration
DC Storage
System
Packages
Power
Electronics
Controls
Materials Service Provider
• DC Packs
• Firmware for SOC Mgt
• Packaging
• Lower cost sub systems
• 1-phase
• -3phase
• Bi-directional
• Islanding
• Lower cost systems
• Smart Inverters
• Application solution provider
• Turn key system provider
• Smart Grid Integration
• O&M Support and Services
• Planning & Analysis tools and services
• Application solution provider
• IPP
• ESCO
• Smart Grid Integration
• O&M Support and Services
• Tools & software to monetize value streams and support business case
• Aggregation & management
23© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Some Key Areas to Consider
• PV and Storage Solutions– Max Penetration of PV on Distribution Grid– Storage / non-storage solutions
• Customer Premise Energy Solutions– Development of win-win solutions for customer / utility– Natural gas DG + Storage - “the killer app?”
• Centre of Excellence for Storage / DG in Smart Grid– Industry cluster; Public/Private Partnership– Inter-governmental collaboration
25© 2012 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
Dan Rastler
Sr. Mgr. Strategic Initiatives and Demonstrations
Electric Power Research [email protected]
650-855-2034
Presented by:Mark TinklerPrincipal Energy ConsultantEmerging Energy [email protected]: 705-745-1243