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The Next Wave of Communications Applications
Dr. Cullen Jennings
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What I’m Going to Tell You
Where the expenses are in deploying a large VoIP or collaboration system
How the industry has systematically driven some of these costs towards zero
What parts will be driven to zero next If you are a vendor, this will be either good news or bad news for you
If you are a user, this will be good news for you
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Major Expenses
Endpoints Hardware: LCD, CPU, Memory, Plastics, Power
Software: SIP, CODECs, OS, Security, GUI & Application
Service Soft Switches, Servers, & Operations
User Support
PSTN Connectivity Phone Numbers
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Major Expenses
Endpoints Hardware: LCD, CPU, Memory, Plastics, Power
Software: SIP, CODECs, OS, Security, GUI & Application
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Major Expenses
Service Soft Switches
Servers
Operations
User Support
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Major Expenses
PSTN Connectivity Phone Numbers
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Commoditization of Support
Support Better software
Worse support builds better users
User based support forums
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Support in 2001
Credit for slide to Dr. Moshe Yudkowsky
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Support in 2009
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Reduced Support via Better Software
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Commoditization of Hardware
Hardware Moore’s law
Adjacent market volume
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Commoditization of Software
Open source OS: Linux
SIP: Vovida.org, resiprocate.org
Security: openssl, libSRTP
GUI: Still a bunch of work but spread over larger volume
CODECs:
Were expensive
Now more expensive due to wideband audio and video
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Central Servers & Soft Switches Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) allowed construction of
large robust distributed data bases most fundamental advance in data structures in 20 years
Skype led the way Very low operational expense compared to competition
Simple strategy, move the computing to the edge Reduce cost of servers, data centers, and people to run them
Note this is the opposite of cloud computing
Vendors working on standardized approach Happening at IETF P2PSIP working group
Alice
Doug
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C
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Phone Numbers
Artificial scarcity
Theory: Public ENUM Uses DNS as database so you can point your phone number where you want it to go
Practice: Infrastructure ENUM Uses DNS as database so the phone company can point your number where they want it to go
Score: Telcos 1, Internet 0
Implication: VoIP has all the limitations of the PSTN
Big Question: How to rescue your phone number from being held hostage?
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Phone Numbers
Theory: Public ENUM Uses DNS as database so you can point your phone number where you want it to go
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Phone Numbers
Practice: Infrastructure ENUM Uses DNS as database so the phone company can point your number where they want it to go
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CODECs & GUIs
Problem: Free software (think Skype, Webex, or Firefox) can’t practically contain CODECs that are not royalty free
Narrowband Audio iLBC (RFC 3951) reasonable solution
Wideband: Nothing both standard and good SILK, CELT (Successor to Speex & Ogg Vorbis)
Video Theora
Royalty Free CODECS will enable media in HTML Ease the creation of flexible GUI based on web mashups
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IETF CODEC BOF
IETF is considering forming a working group to develop CODECs with goal of being royalty free
Facing significant opposition from current holders of CODEC patents
Significant desire to do it from large users of CODECs in internet software clients
Call to Action: Go tell the IETF the internet needs royalty free CODECs and the IETF is the right standards development organization to do this
Send email to [email protected]
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The Future
The internet will move to royalty free CODECs
People will steal their phone numbers back
DHT Technology will become increasingly common
100% of commercial communications products will incorporate substantial open source
Do It Yourself Tech support will get better. All other types will get worse
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Questions
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