1. Challenges towards Model-Based Developmentof ELearning Management Systems Josefina Guerrero-Garca, Juan Manuel Gonzlez-Calleros,Jaime Muoz-Arteaga, Miguel ngel Len-Chvez, Carlos Reyes-GarcaBenemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla Universidad Autnoma de AguascalientesInstituto Nacional de Astrofsica, ptica y Electrnica jguerrero@cs.buap.mx1 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011

2. Plan1. Introduction2. State of the art3. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning Management Systems4. Conclusions2 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 3. Introduction The design of a learning process Links users to domain-specific information Collaboration spaces Knowledge transfer Knowledge generation. Efficient and stimulating Better and effective learning The strategy must consider at least: Design of learning content, Design of different ways to present content (textual, graphical or mixed) Considering different devices (PDA, mobile phones, laptop) Collaboration during learning process. Issues related to the context Learning Style3 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 4. 2. State of the Art4 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 5. State of the Art Criteria/Work(Jonassen (McDonald (Germn(Gonzalez etet al.) et al.)et al.) al) [19]Formal specification ActivityConceptualState Workflowtechnique theoryframework machineEnvironmentNonAC-Flow CatedEcoolPersonalization+ +-++Multiple User -- +-- ++interface.Reverse engineering -- +-- ++Customization+ ++++Learning objects + ++ ++ ++ Multimedia content+ ++ +++Traceability of- -- +++collaborative learning5WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 6. 3. Challenges towards Model-BasedDevelopment of ELearningManagement SystemsFormal Methodology6 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 7. 3.1 Formal Methodology (a) We argue that creating learning content is an activitythat would benefit from the application of adevelopment methodology which is typicallycomposed of: 1.A set of models defined according to an ontology.1. A set of descriptions of the concepts and relationships within a field of knowledge (learning process). 2.A language that expresses these models. M1. Models are uniformly and univocally expressed according to a single Specification Language.2. A genuine User Interface Description Language (UIDL) is needed based on a trilogy (semantics, syntax, stylistics) 3.A principle-based method manipulating these models based on guidelines.1. The goal is not to come up with yet another Software Development Method but to reuse existing work and structure it accordingly.7 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 8. 3.1 Formal Methodology (b) Cont.. development methodology composed of:4. A set of software Tools: A suite of software engineering tools that supports the designer and the developer during the development life cycle according to the method. The set of software tools required to support the development of learning content includes: Model editors to assist a designer in constructing themodels. Design critics provide a designer with quality assessmentfacilities. Implementation tools translate a specification into arepresentation that can be used by a compiler, aninterpreter or an interface builder.8 Transformation tools provide support to thePuebla 28/11/2011WILE2011 designer toedit, store, and exe-cute model transformation rules. 9. 3.1 Formal Methodology (c) - ModelsW o rkflo w -id : S tring -nam es : S tring so u rceP ro cesstarg etP ro cess-sourceP rocessId : S tring-targetP rocessId : S tring 1 1..* 1..* 1..* 1 1 P ro cess-id : S tring 1 p ro cessO p erato r1..*p ro cessM o d el-nam e : S tring-id : S tring1..*-frequency : Integer-nam e : S tring-im portance : Integer0..*-category : Integer 1 O rg an izatio n al u n it0..* Jo bso u rcetarg et -id : S tring1..* -nam e : S tring-id : S tring-souuceId : S tring-targetId : S tring -organizationO bjectives : S tring-nam e : S tring1..* 1..*2..* -organizationR ules : S tring 1..*T ask1..*1..*-id : S tring 11 0..*-nam e : S tring T ask R eso u rce 1..*1..* -category : S tring 1taskR elatio n sh ip s 1..*taskM o d el-frequency : Integer -id : S tring-im portance : Integer -nam e : S tring-term inationV alue : S tring0..*1-taskT ype : S tring-taskItem : S tring-preC ondition : S tring 0..* 1..* tem p o ralU serS tereo typ e Im m aterialM ateriald eco m p o sitio n --id : S tring0..1-stereotypeN am e : S tring-taskE xperience : S tring-system E xperience : S tring-deviceE xsperience : S tring-taskM otivation : S tring 1..*9 WILE2011 Puebla28/11/2011 10. 3.1 Formal Methodology (d) - Language Language Engineering Approach Semantics Meta Models, UML Classdiagrams Syntax Abstract XML Schema Concrete XML Stylistics Different graphical representationsof the concepts10 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 11. 3.1 Formal Methodology (e) - Language UsiXML Structured accordingly to the Model Driven paradigm UsiXML relies on a transformational approach UsiXML allows the modification of the developments steps UsiXML allows reusing parts of previously specified UsiXML is open11 Follows a Language Engineering Approach WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 12. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method A structured catalog of transformation rules Task and Domain Model Model tothat form a body of design knowledge thatModel can be reused in any method Abstract UI ModelModel to Model Concrete UI Model CodeGeneratio nFinal UI12WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 13. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task andBased on Domain ModelGuidelinesA set of Principles area added Model tomodelto the methodGuidelinesAbstract UIModel Based on GuidelinesTask patternsCanonical list of task types Model toAutomaticmodelEvaluationRefinedConcrete UI UsabilityConcrete UIModel AdvisorModel CodeGeneratioCode nGeneratio n Final UIFinal UI13 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 14. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task andBased on Domain ModelGuidelines Model tomodelAbstract UIBased onModelGuidelines Model toModelAutomaticEvaluationCanonical list of task typesRefinedConcrete UI UsabilityConcrete UIModel AdvisorModel CodeGeneratio nFinal UI14 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 15. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task andBased on Domain ModelGuidelines Model tomodelAbstract UIBased onModelGuidelines Model toAutomaticModelEvaluationConcrete UIModelUsabilityAdvisorRefined Concrete UI Facet Selection Model CodeGeneratio n 3D User Interface15 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 16. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task andBased on Domain ModelGuidelines Model tomodelElementSelect InputAbstract UIBased onModelGuidelines Model toAutomaticModelEvaluation SliderRefinedConcrete UI UsabilityConcrete UIModel AdvisorModel AIO Selection CodeGeneratio nFinal UI16 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 17. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task andBased on Domain ModelGuidelines Model tomodelAbstract UIBased onModelGuidelines Model toAutomaticModelEvaluationConcrete UI UsabilityRefined Concrete UI Graphical representationModel AdvisorModelselection CodeGeneratio nFinal UI17 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 18. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task andBased on Domain ModelGuidelines Model tomodelAbstract UIBased onModelGuidelines Model toModelAutomaticEvaluation Automatic guidelines evaluationRefinedConcrete UI UsabilityConcrete UIModel AdvisorModel CodeGeneratio nFinal UI18 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 19. 3.1 Formal Methodology (f) - Method Task andBased on Domain ModelGuidelines Model tomodelAbstract UIBased onModelGuidelines Model toAutomaticModelEvaluationRefinedConcrete UI UsabilityConcrete UIModel AdvisorModel CodeGeneratio nFinal UI19 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 20. 3. Challenges towards Model-Based Development of ELearning Management Systems 2. Framework20 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 21. 3.2 Framework21 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 22. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor22 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 23. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor We live in a multicultural environment Learning must adapt to such differences Adding the multicultural characteristic going beyond regions is areal challenge. Support to define different MLO adopting different learning strategies: Constructivist, generative learning, LO model is needed. Compatible with standards. LOs are conveyed includes: web pages, PDF documents, video and/or audio content, animations, and virtual reality to mention a few. Reuse social networks to store multimedia content slideshare(slides), Wikipedia (free encyclopedia), YouTube (videos), Picasa(photos), among other, to share content, we can avoid storingmultimedia in the LOs repositories. The integration of access to social networks is essential to giveversatility to the CMS.23 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 24. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor The ultimate goal is to automate this method in a software tool A content management system (CMS) for creatingMLO. Integrating multimedia from social networks , suchas: slideshare (slides), Wikipedia (free encyclopedia), YouTube (videos), Picasa (photos), among other, to share content, Including guidelines to support the method is desirable for the systematic creation of MLO. Wizard-Based recommendation system CMS preserving ergonomics, guidelines, heuristics24and usability principle WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 25. 3.2 Framework MLO Editor25 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 26. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design26 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 27. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design Online services assisting the learning process design Structuring academic courses Relevant and adaptable to the context of students Including learning styles recognition Integrating those efforts and to connect them to MLO repository is more than just a technological problem. Content adaptation Learning styles identification Courses creation27 Assist teachers WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 28. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design A mechanism to assist teachers for creating acourse Reusing material available in the MLO format. Integrating pedagogical recommendations tocreate a system of guidelines for the creation ofcourses Identifying multicultural issues in education Identifying different forms of education(classroom, mixed, distance) Integrating this information in the specification ofa learning process Integrating intelligent management of information28in the learning process WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 29. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design Integration of guidelines to use the tool for definingcourses content, assistive interaction is needed(wizard, intelligent agent) to guide teachers in thisactivity. The manager must have a content editor forcourses. A learning process can be described as aworkflow model that is composed of tasks, resourcesand places where education takes place. The workflow model is recursively decomposed intolearning processes which are in turn decomposed intotasks. Support to different learning types and approaches tolearn, this is believed to occur as a progressive seriesof tasks29 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 So, a workflow model can be used to plan and to 30. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design30 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 31. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design31 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 32. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design32 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 33. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design33 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 34. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design34 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 35. Algunas IU para las tareas35 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 36. 3.2 Framework Learning Process Design The editor must be based on ergonomicguidelines should be taken into account in thedevelopment of this editor, for their good designwill allow for easy use. This method should also consider elements suchas academic monitoring, assessments Using the method of assessment adaptation Practices and exercises, and other traditional elements considered in a course. The systematic creation of courses based on a method will allow having more quality content.36WILE2011 Puebla28/11/2011 37. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System37 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 38. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System38 Puebla WILE201128/11/2011 39. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System39 Puebla WILE201128/11/2011 40. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System40 Puebla WILE201128/11/2011 41. 3.2 Framework Learning ManagementSystem Usar modelos permiten crear IU sistemticamente GrafiXML41Puebla WILE2011 28/11/2011 42. Qu es el diseo basado enmodelos? Para crear IU sistemticamente GrafiXML42 Puebla WILE201128/11/2011 43. 3.2 Framework Learning Management System43 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 44. 4. Conclusions44 WILE2011Puebla 28/11/2011 45. Conclusions 1. An alternative method for the automatic generation of Collaborative Multiplatform Scenarios with Interactive Learning Objects. Note:This implies: a change in the current paradigm from eLearning to mLearning (Mobile Learning) to mpLearning (Multiplatform learning) 2. The overall learning process is seen as a workflow. 3. This approach introduces a flow control that allows tackling at the same time, the problem of divergence in individual learning and the definition of the learning process in terms of collaboration agents and processes. 4. The introduction of a meta-description (in UsiXML) that is going to aid in the process of generation of multiple Uis. WILE2011 Puebla28/11/201145 46. Future Work Social Network Integration Sharing content Creating the social network Considering more advanced UserInterface Generation support Adaptive Adaptable Migratory Graceful degradation Virtual Reality46 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011 47. Thank you very much Josefina Guerrero-Garca, Juan Manuel Gonzlez-Calleros,Jaime Muoz-Arteaga, Miguel ngel Len-Chvez, Carlos Reyes-GarcaBenemrita Universidad Autnoma de Puebla Universidad Autnoma de AguascalientesInstituto Nacional de Astrofsica, ptica y Electrnica jguerrero@cs.buap.mxPage 47 WILE2011 Puebla 28/11/2011