Author:S.MOHAMMED RIZWANII YEAR CESRI DURGADEVI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGETIRUVALLUR DISTRICT

BRAIN CHIPS

INTRODUCTION

• The Brian chip technology is associated with a brain computer

interface chip, computer and brain.

• The Brain chip is so called because it is implantable computer chip

in brain.

• Brain Chip consists of both biological and electronics terms.

• Brain chips can enhance memory of human beings, help

paralyzed patients and are intended for military purposes.

• It acts as sensors that may soon assist failing memory, but even

provide fluency in a new language.

WHAT IS A BRAIN CHIP ?

o A chip in the Braingate system is of 100 hair thin electrodes.

o It senses electromagnetic signature of Neutrons.

o The Brain chip provides fast and reliable connection between the brain of a

severely disabled person and personal computer

What is Braingate Technology ?

Braingate is a technology that can be implemented in the brain. When it is implemented in

the brain, the electrical signal is exchanged by neurons within the brain. Those signals are

sent to the brain and it executes body movement. All the signalling process is handled by a

special software. The signal is sent to the computer and then the computer is controlled by

patient.

BRAIN GATE EMPOWERING

THE HUMAN BRAIN:

The BrainGate System is used to sense, transmit, analyze and apply the

language of neurons. The System consists of a sensor that is implanted on

the motor cortex of the brain and a device that analyzes brain signals. This

sensor consists of a tiny Chip with hundred electrode sensors-each thinner

than a hair that detects brain cell electrical activity.

With intact brain function, brain signals are generated even though they

are not sent to the arms, hands and legs.

The signals are interpreted and transmitted into cursor movements.

Principle

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

THE CHIP

THE CONNECTOR

THE CONVERTER AND

THE COMPUTER

1. The chip

• A Four millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin, micro

electrodes is embedded in brain’s primary motor cortex.

• The sensors detects tiny electrical signals generated when a user imagines.

2. The Connector

The signal from the brain is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull.

3. The Converter The signal travels to an amplifier where it is converted to optical data and bounced by fibre-optic cable to a computer.

• A brain-computer interface uses electrophysiological signals to control remote

devices.

• The Brain Computer Interface which are invasive is prerefrable.

• The electrodes pick up the brain’s electrical activity (at the microvolt level) and

carry it into amplifiers.

• These amplifiers amplify the signal approximately ten thousand times and then

pass the signal via an analog to digital converter to a computer for processing.

• The computer processes the EEG signal and uses it in order to accomplish tasks

such as communication and environmental control.

4. The Computer

Software behind BrainGate System uses algorithms and pattern matching techniques to

facilitate communication. The algorithms are written in C, JAVA and MATLAB. Signal

processing software algorithms analyzes the electrical activity of neurons and translates it

into control signals for use in various computer-based applications.

SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAINGATE

• Brain implants enhance capability of human

organs and senses.

• It has a significant role to play in future

genetic engineering fields and neuro science.

• Futurists predict that from there, super

human artificial intelligence won't be far

behind.

BRAIN IMPLANT

INTERFACE

• The easiest and least invasive method is to use a device with

a set of electrode known as an electroencephalograph (EEG) -

attached to the scalp.

• The electrodes can read brain signals.

• To get a higher resolution signal, scientists can implant

electrodes directly into the gray matter of the brain itself, or

on the surface of the brain, beneath the skull.

BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BCI SYSTEM INCORPORATING SIGNAL DETECTION, PROCESSING AND DEPLOYMENT

The first patient, Matthew Nagle, a 25

year old man with a severe spinal cord

injury, has been paralyzed from the neck

down since 2001. Nagle is unable to move

his arms and legs after he was stabbed in

the neck.

First Experimented on ……

Applications:• Navigate Internet.

• Play Computer Games.

• Turn Lights On and Off.

• Control Television.

• Control Robotic Arm.

This technology is well supported by the latest fields of

• Biomedical Instrumentation,

• Micro electronics, signal processing,

• Artificial Neural Networks and Robotics which has

overwhelming developments.

• Hope these systems will be effectively implemented for many

Biomedical applications.

FUTURE CONTINUED..

• Another brain implant aims to help the blind regain their sight. A microchip implanted in the visual cortex, would communicate with a camera inside special glasses.

Benefits of Brain Chips

• It will increase the dynamic ranging of senses.

• It will give light to blind and give paralyzed

patients full mental control of limbs.

• No genetic modifications in the next generation.

• Rescue missions (remote controlled rat).

Disadvantages:• Research is still in the beginning stages.• The current technology is crude.• Ethical issues may prevent its development.• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the

brain.• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.

The BrainGate helps the patients who cannot perform even simple

actions without the help of another person.

Such paitents are able to do things like checking e-mails, turn the TV on

or off, and control a prosthetic arm with just their thoughts.

BrainChip technology does not promise miracles.For instance, say that a

paralysed man will one day walk using an artificial leg by his thoughts

alone.

CONCLUSION

QUERIES……