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7/31/2019 ppt on chips
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PRESENTED BY-AAKANSHA YADAVEC 3rd year(ms)
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A tiny dust size device with extra-ordinarycapabilities such as sensing, computing,wireless communication capabilities and
autonomous power supply within volumeof only few millimeters..Often called MEMS( micro electro-mechanicalsensors)
Useful in monitoring real worldphenomenon without disturbing theoriginal process.
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so small and light in weight that they canremain suspended in the environment likean ordinary dust particle.It is very hard to detect the presence of theSmart Dust and it is even harder to get rid ofthem once deployed.
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Given by Kris Pester in 1990s.He set out to build a device having a combinationof a sensor, communication device and a smallcomputer into a single package to monitor manytypes of physical quantities such as:
Temperature
Humidity
Motion
Light Levels
Pollution etc.
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A single Smart Dust mote has: a semiconductor laser diode and MEMS beamsteering mirror for active optical transmission
a MEMS corner cube retro-reflector for passiveoptical transmissionan optical receiver
a signal processing and control circuitrya power source based on thick-film batteries andsolar cells.
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Thick film battery
Power capacitor
Solar cell
CMOS controller
Sensor
Passive transmitter
Active transmitter
Receiver
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Integration of mechanical elements, sensors,actuators and electronics on a common siliconsubstrate through micro fabrication.
Fabrication-> electronics IC process technique
->micromechanical- micromachiningprocess
7/31/2019 ppt on chips
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SIZE: It is difficult to fit all these devices in a small Smart Dust both
size wise and energy wise.
BATTERY: With the devices so small, battery present a massiveaddition of weight.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Replacing battery not an option.PRICING: Deployment is an expensive affair.
PHYSICAL SECURITY: Protection against nature and vandalism.UPGRADING: Upgrading and resetting manually not desirable.
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2 methods
Passive communication
Active communication
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11/18SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 11
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
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ACTIVEsemiconductor diode,collimating lens, beamsteering micro mirrorComparatively highpower usageUsed only for shortdurationInter mote communicationpresentLong range ~ tens of kmHigher bit rates ~ fewmbpsBase station commands &wake up the motes
PASSIVEUses corner cube retroreflector (CCR)
Low power consumption
Can be used for longerdurationInter mote communicationabsentShort range ~150 mLower bit rates ~ few kbpsMotes transmit periodicinformation automaticallyby CCR to base station
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Environmental protection (identification andmonitoring of pollution).Forest service organisation
Military application (monitoring activities ininaccessible areas, accompany soldiers andalert them to any poisons or dangerousbiological substances in the air).
In chemical plant
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Dust particles can be
spread by Unmanned
Air Vehicles (UAVs)
Data can be collected by
sending the same aircraft
over that area.
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Forest fire detectionImplementation : drop smartdust
from an airplaneMotes self-organize into a
networkUsage
A mote that detects a fire notifiescentral monitoring stationThe motes location is the
approximate location of the fire
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In evaluating the structural soundness ofbuildings and other structures.
Can act as an energy saving initiator. Ex:cansense light,temperature in a room when emptyand can provide information to switch off thelights.
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THE SIZE OF THESE DUST MOTES IS SO SMALL THAT ITS PRESENCECANNOT BE DETECTED VISUALLY & CAN BE USED FOR MISCHIEVIOUSWORKS.
IT MAY HINDER PRIVACY AND PEOPLE MIGHT ALWAYS BE AFRAID THATSOMEONE IS MONITORING THEM.
THE COST OF THESE MOTES IS QUITE HIGH.
MOTES MAY ENTER RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND MAY CAUSE SERIOUSHEALTH TROUBLES.
THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF USED BY PEACE HATERS.
ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT.(DEAD MOTES RADIATIONS)
SMART DUST TECHNOLOGY 17
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There are many ongoing researches on Smart Dust,the main purpose of these researches is to make
Smart Dust mote as small as possible and to make itavailable at as low price as possible. Soon we willsee Smart Dust being used in varied applicationfrom all spans of life.