BIOLOGY

6.15 Technological Development in Food

Processing

Correlating the Food Processing Methods with

Factors Causing Food Spoilage

Microorganisms require:-FoodWaterOxygenSuitable temperature for production and growth

They can only survive in conditions with

optimum pH and solute concentrations.

How can food get spoiled?

Various types of bacteria can be responsible for

the spoilage of food. When bacteria breaks

down the food, acids and other waste products

are created in the process. While the bacteria

itself may or may not be harmful, the waste

products may be unpleasant to taste or may even be harmful to one's health.

How to preserve food? By destroying the microorganisms

that are present in the food. By stopping the activities of the

microorganisms.

Ways To Prevent

Food Spoila

ge

1) Cooking

The easiest way to prevent food spoilage.Heating food at a high temperature can kill microorganisms and denature the enzymes that cause the breakdown of

food.

2) Salt & Sugar

Treating food with salt and sugar causes the

microorganisms to lose water by osmosis.

The salt or sugar will act as a hypertonic solution. The cell in the food will become dehydrated.

3) Vinegar

Pickling food such as chilies and cucumbers

with vinegar reduces the pH and prevent microorganisms from growing.Vegetables & fruits are normally preserved

using this method.

4) Fermentation

Fermentation of fruit juice produces ethanol which prevents the juice from becoming spoiled, at high temperature.Traditional food such as tapai is produced

by the fermentation of pulut rice or tapioca.

FERMENTATION

Meaning:-

A metabolic process converting sugar to acids, gases and/or alcohol using yeast or bacteria.

Basic Uses of Fermentation:-

To oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP without the use of oxygen.

The production of ethyl alcohol or lactic acid. Convert carbohydrates into Carbon Dioxide and

water.

5) Drying

Fish, meat and fruits can be dried under the

hot sun to preserve them.It can remove water from food, and

prevents microorganisms from growing. The ultraviolet

rays of the sun also kill bacteria and many other

microorganisms.

Thank you for paying

attention! Group members:-

Nor Aishah Fatiha Sharifah Nabaaha Sharifah Nadia