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www. BeaconGIS.net
Public Safety Planning with GIS
Beacon GIS, LLC All Rights Reserved. www.BeaconGIS.net
Goals
Learn to work with emergency services Learn the jargon, abbreviations, and
acronyms Be familiar with their particular
performance objectives Discern ways of using GIS to aid their
decision making process.
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Cities & Towns can be proactive Planning Zoning Engineering Comprehensive plans Future land use
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Emergency Services are reactive
Police, Fire, EMS, EM
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What do I know?
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Working Together
Are your city managers and department heads in the same building?
And what about the…. Police chief? Fire Chief? EMS Director? Emergency Management Coordinator?
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Working together
Do your comprehensive/strategic plans… Include emergency services? More than just an description of existing
assets and or current production? Does it include future planning for these
services as your community is projected to change?
Does it include GIS analysis mapping for emergency services?
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Emergency Services Planning Where you are now (Current Conditions
Evaluation) Where you’re going (Jurisdictional
Assessment) Where you need to be (Future Needs
Planning)
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Law Enforcement
Crime Analysis Resource Distribution Demographics & Socioeconomics Response Performance
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Law Enforcement
Crime Analysis Spatial Distribution of incidents Density of events Relative crime risk Offender behavior in time & Space Geographical profiling ‘crime travel’
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Law Enforcement
Resource Deployment Per capita
100 most populous cities avg. 22 officers per 10,000 population.
Minimum-staffing Management/labor agreement. May disregard
peak loads Authorized level
Budgetary Workload based (aka Peak load staffing)
Single or double staffed cars
Beacon GIS, LLC All Rights Reserved. www.BeaconGIS.net
Law Enforcement
Demographics & Socioeconomics Who commits what crime Who uses the police
Age, race, ethnicity Income, housing prices, vacancies
Where is crime committed In addition to above… Types of businesses/property
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Law Enforcement
Response Performance “Differential Police Response” based on
research. A rapid response to a serious crime = arrest <
5% Most crimes w/ no witnesses/evidence citizens
willing to phone a report. Biggest factor: The response matched
community expectation even if lengthy. No national standards, performance based on
incident outcomes rather than time responsiveness.
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Emergency Medical Services
Demand analysis Unit deployment Demographics &
Socioeconomics Response
Performance
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Emergency Medical Services Demand Analysis
Frequent Fliers Chronic illnesses Elderly Care
Facilities Criticality Temporal changes
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Emergency Medical Services Unit deployment
Unit Hour Utilization Static vs. Dynamic Peak Load staffing Response Time Goals Simultaneous Events Rule of thumb
9 – 12% of the ‘effective’ population will need an ambulance.
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Emergency Medical Services
Demographics & Socioeconomics Elderly Insurance
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Emergency Medical Services Response
Performance Criticality NFPA 1710 Stated goals
National Medical Assns.
Trauma Heart Attack Stroke Cardiac Arrest
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Emergency Medical Services Out of chute
From dispatch to wheels rolling.
Turnaround Amount of time
spent at the hospital Affects total unit
availability. Often respond
from here.
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Fire Suppression
First Responder Medical
Structural risk Insurance rates NFPA Guidelines Effective Firefighting
Force Permitting &
Inspections Resource
Deployment
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Structural Risk
Based upon land use Varies from high
risk (industrial property) to low risk (large lot single family residential)
Building size and construction translate into Needed Fire Flow Rates.
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There goes a fire truck!
Fire Engine (pumper)
Fire Truck (Ladder, aerial)
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Insurance Rates
X
Insurance Services Organization (ISO) Ratings affect premiums. Hydrant Availability Engines 1.5 miles Truck 2.5 miles Over 5 miles (Uncovered)
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National Fire Protection Association NFPA 1710
(career) Five minutes, 90th
percentile Flashover Confined to
contents in room Turnout Time
1:20 No criticality yet.
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National Fire Protection Association
NFPA 1720 (volunteer or partial paid/combination) Population based
Urban >1000/SqMi, 9mins/15 FF, 90th percentile
Suburban 500-1000/SqMi, 10mins/10 FF, 80th percentile
Rural < 500/SqMi, 14 mins/9 FF, 80th percentile
Remote Travel > 8 miles, No time goal/6 FF
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Effective Firefighting Force
Fires require multiple apparatus from a number of spatially distant stations.
Usually 2 Engines, 1 Truck, 1 EMS, deputy chief (13-15ffs)
Can show apparatus or staff levels
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Resource Deployment
“Standing Army” Positioned to
protect property “Move-up”
routines to fill areas for other units on calls
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Emergency Management
Natural Hazards Man-made
Disasters Evacuation
Routing
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Emergency Management
Natural Hazards Flooding Hurricanes Tornadoes Snowstorms Tsunami’s Landslide Avalanche Earthquake
Man-made Disasters Structural failure Transportation Explosion/spills Terrorism Critical
Infrastructure
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Natural Disasters
FEMA Threat Hazard
Identification Risk Assessment (THIRA)
Hazus-MH Loss & Damage
Estimation
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Man-made Disasters
NOAA Cameo Aloha Marplot/ESRI add-
on Defense Threat
Reduction Agency (DTRA) CATS HPAC
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Evacuation Routing
Population Travel Time??? Road capacity Shelter Path
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GIS: Mutual Aid
Resources outside jurisdictional borders that can be utilized to support emergency service operations.
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GIS: Event mapping
Raster Density vs pinmap Repeat offenders Apartment
addresses High collision
intersections Public venue
Mall Airport
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GIS: Geo-coding
Multiple CAD providers and output types Uniform reporting
NFIRS NEMSIS
User inputs Address points vs. estimation
Intersection incidents Lat/Long
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GIS: Travel Models
Complete streets Connectivity Speed parameter Time Penalties Physical Barriers
Natural Hydrology
Man-made Railroads / Highways
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GIS:Coverage stats
Full 5 Mile ISO coverage? No No Yes Yes Yes YesCurrent Service Demand Coverage 85% 85% 95% 98% 98% 97%
% Station 1 Workload per Scenario 100% 99.9% 84% 85% 85% 86%Projected Service Demand Coverage 63% 67% 89% 93% 99.8% 96%
Forecast % Station 1 Workload per Scenario 100% 94% 61% 61% 62% 65%Road Miles 49.67 52.69 79.07 85.31 90.03 85.03Parcel Coverage % 65% 67% 87% 90% 96% 89%
Davidson ETJ 5 Minute Travel Time Coverage Performance
ScenariosStation 1
alonewith
Odell FRwith Stn.
2Awith Stn.
2Bwith Stn.
2Cwith Stn.
2D
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Planning: Jurisdictional Assessment Population Projections New Development Municipal Annexations
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Planning: Future Needs
Resource Deployment Scenarios
Vulnerability Risk IndexFuture
Land Use
Projected
Population
Expected
Demand
Economic
outlook
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Wrap-up: Reactive vs. Planning
Beacon GIS, LLC All Rights Reserved. www.BeaconGIS.net
Questions?
Robert McNally, MA, BA, FF, NREMTP (Ret)
FEMA Certified Hazus Professional
www.BeaconGIS.net