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ADB, Climate Change and
Water Security in South Asia
Arnaud Cauchois
Senior Water Resources Specialist
South Asia Regional Department, ADB
GWP Regional Workshop on Climate Change, Food and Water Security
Colombo, Sri Lanka
24-25 February 2011
Asia and particularly South Asia with its large population and limited water resources is at particular risk from climate impacts, especially its water and agriculture sectors.
Water management will be drastically affected by our changing climate, but adapting – while requiring innovation and new approaches – will draw upon and reinforce best practices of the water profession.
South Asian countries are beginning to respond, with policy dialogue, funding and technical support – more is coming soon.
Key Message
Asia – Water Insecurity and Climate Change
NCAR CCSM, SRES A2, no CO2 fertilization
Climate Change Priority Concerns in South Asia: Food Security
ADB Climate Change Projects
ADB’s Climate Change Program P
rio
riti
es:
Modalities:
1. Scaling-Up Clean Energy
2. Encouraging Sustainable Transport, Urban Development
3. Managing Land Use and Forests for Carbon Sequestration
4. Promoting Climate-Resilient Development
5. Strengthening Policies, Governance and Capacities
Finance Knowledge Partnership
Climate Change Priority Concerns in South Asia: Water Resources
• Supply-Demand: growing imbalances in many regions
• Glacial Retreat: loss of warm season and drought year flows
• Groundwater: over-exploitation in many basins; climate change impacts on groundwater recharge uncertain
• Coastal Aquifers: saline intrusion from Sea Level Rise; over-pumping
ADB’s Modalities to Address Water Security
• Convening Power and Regional Dialogue:
Asian Water Development Outlook 2010, Asia-Pacific Water Forum and Summits
– Steering Group on Water and Climate Change, Greater Mekong Subgroup, Regional Knowledge Hubs, Network of Asian River Basin Organizations, special conference, etc.
• Grant Technical Assistance – Regional and Country Focused:
For capacity and institutional development, policy and advisory services,
technical and analytical work, and project and program preparation, or blend of the above
• Financing – Loans and Grants – Infrastructure Focused:
Project lending for water projects, Program loans for policy reform, Climate
Change Trust Fund, Clean Technology Fund, GEF, leverage bilateral grant financing
Climate Change
Information
Impact
Assessments
Adaptation
strategies and
Investments
Approach to Water Insecurity and Climate Change – 3 Is
Projecting climate
change impacts for
water resources –
downscaling, modeling
Identify vulnerability and
risks (mapping) for river
basins and cities
Investments in infrastructure,
capacity development, and
institutions to mitigate risks
and promote adaptation
Adaptation in the Water Sector:
Financing Options
Water Finance Program (WFP)
Regional Technical Assistance (RETA)
“Managing Water in Asia’s River Basins” (TA 6470) – IWRM emphasis
“Enabling Climate Change Responses in Asia and the Pacific” – capacity building, disaster risk reduction, water sector
ADB Climate Change Fund (CCF)
Other co-financing
Examples: ADB’s Climate Change and
Water Activities in South Asia
TA 43169: India - Support for the National Action Plan on Climate Change
TA 7326: Sri Lanka - Strengthening Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation
Regional TA 7547 – “Supporting Investments in Water Security in River Basins (Indonesia, Nepal and Uzbekistan)”
Bangladesh - Strengthening the Resilience of the Khulna Water Sector to Climate Change
Pakistan: Glacial Melt and Downstream Impact on Indus-Dependent Water Resources and Energy
India: National Action Plan for Climate Change:
Support for the National Water Mission
India MoWR requests ADB assistance in adapting water sector to climate change
Desired outputs: legislative framework and capacity at the state level to enact NWM recommendations for climate change adaptation
Vehicle: Policy and Advisory Technical Assistance (PATA)
Funding: $750,000 (grant)
Source: ADB Climate Change Fund (CCF)
India: National Action Plan for Climate Change:
Support for the National Water Mission
All-India Water Systems
3 Pilot Sub-basins representing specific climate change risks
Category Pilot Basin Focal State Associated
States
Snow-fed Sutlej Punjab Himachal
Pradesh
Groundwater Chambal Madhya
Pradesh
Rajasthan
Coastal Cauvery (delta) Tamil Nadu Pondicherry
Bangladesh: Strengthening the Resilience of
the Khulna Water Sector to Climate Change Bangladesh vulnerable to:
- Flooding
- Drought
- Sea Level Rise
Khulna: 3rd largest - 1.4 million (2007)
Shortage of water supply (currently relying on shallow groundwater)
Increased urban flooding
Drainage congestion
Vehicle: PATA
Funding: $600,000 (grant)
Source: ADB CCF
Bangladesh: Strengthening the Resilience of
the Khulna Water Sector to Climate Change
Deriving scenario’s 2030-2050
climate
Review of available data
and information
Surveys to collect
additional data
low trend high
Ch. 3
Identification and Evaluation of
Adaptation Options
• least-cost analysis (water supply)
• cost-benefit analysis (urban drainage)
Projections for 2030 and 2050
Climate Change• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Sea Level Rise
• Upstream
River Discharge
Socio-economic
development• Population
• Water Demand
• Land Use
• GDP Growth
Impact Assessment
Water Supply
System• Water availability
• River salinity
Urban Drainage
System• Water logged area
• Flood depth
• Affected population
• Damages
Development and calibration of
mathematical models
Climate
(model)
analysis
Sea level,
rainfall,
temp
Southwest
Regional
Hydrodynamic
Model
river flows
river salinity
Water
levels
Rainfall
intensities
Waterlogged
area, depth,
and duration
Salinity
Model
Urban
Drainage
Model
Deriving scenario’s 2030-2050
climate
Review of available data
and information
Surveys to collect
additional data
Review of available data
and information
Surveys to collect
additional data
low trend high
Ch. 3
Identification and Evaluation of
Adaptation Options
• least-cost analysis (water supply)
• cost-benefit analysis (urban drainage)
Projections for 2030 and 2050
Climate Change• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Sea Level Rise
• Upstream
River Discharge
Socio-economic
development• Population
• Water Demand
• Land Use
• GDP Growth
Impact Assessment
Water Supply
System• Water availability
• River salinity
Urban Drainage
System• Water logged area
• Flood depth
• Affected population
• Damages
Development and calibration of
mathematical models
Climate
(model)
analysis
Sea level,
rainfall,
temp
Southwest
Regional
Hydrodynamic
Model
river flows
river salinity
Water
levels
Rainfall
intensities
Waterlogged
area, depth,
and duration
Salinity
Model
Urban
Drainage
Model
Flow Diagram of the Study
